participatory evaluation of chicken health and production constraints in ethiopia
TRANSCRIPT
Par$cipatory evalua$on of chicken health and produc$on constraints in Ethiopia
E. Sambo1 , J. Be.ridge1,2, T. Dessie2, A. Amare3, T. Habte3, P. Wigley1 and R. Christley1
1 Ins&tute of Infec&on and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK; 2 Interna&onal Livestock Research Ins&tute, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia 3 Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopian Ins&tute for Agriculture Research, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
Chicken produc$on
• Backyard chicken producGon is important for income generaGon and food security, especially for poor rural farmers • It is oJen the only source of independent income for women • Ethiopia has a growing number of semi-‐intensive farms in peri-‐urban areas, to meet the increasing demand for poultry products from the emerging middle-‐class urban sector • The area around Debre Zeit is a focus of poultry producGon, with potenGal access to several local insGtuGons with veterinary and agricultural experGse and materials
Conclusions
• Constraints in accessing agricultural and veterinary inputs and experGse affect both backyard and semi-‐intensive producers • Although poultry development schemes are cited to empower women, semi-‐intensive farms are usually controlled by men • Provision needs to be made so that a wide range of business models can access inputs, especially for those with limited capital, such as women, who may need to build up a flock slowly • Constraints are likely to be more acute elsewhere, as they will be compounded by lack of infrastructure
Methods • Eight focus group discussions were held with 41 backyard producers in villages around Debre Zeit • Semi-‐structured interviews were held with 31 individual semi-‐intensive farmers • Topics discussed included:
₋ livelihood and livestock acGviGes ₋ poultry management ₋ constraints to poultry producGon ₋ poultry diseases, clinical signs and risk factors ₋ biosecurity measures
• Simple ranking, proporGonal piling, seasonal calendars and transect walks were used to collect data
Results
• ParGcipants agreed that chicken producGon was important for women, yet they tend to manage backyard flocks, whereas men oJen control semi-‐intensive flocks • Chicken producGon was not a primary source of income. Most farmers were engaged in mixed livelihood acGviGes, and semi-‐intensive producers oJen had non-‐agricultural, salaried work • ParGcipants could recognise and describe a variety of diseases, and had good knowledge about potenGal risk factors • Biosecurity was poor, and veterinary products and experGse hard to access, leading to inappropriate use of drugs and vaccines, therefore disease was sGll a constraint for both types of producer
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Semi-intensive producers(a) Production constraints
Score12345
0 2 4 6 8 10Backyard producers
NeighboursPredators
Poor productionShelter
Vet servicesPoor markets
Day-old chicksDiseaseFeed
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(b) Diseases
0 2 4 6 8 10
EndoparasitesPasteurelosis
CRDFowl pox
Eye diseaseEctoparasitismCoccidiosisDiarrhoeaNCD
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(c) Risk factors
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of vaccinesTrade of sick birds
CarcasesDewSeason
ScavengingEarly rain/grass
Poor managementPoor biosecurity
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(d) Veterinary services
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugsSmall flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibilityCost
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Semi-intensive producers(a) Production constraints
Score12345
0 2 4 6 8 10
Backyard producers
NeighboursPredators
Poor productionShelter
Vet servicesPoor markets
Day-old chicksDiseaseFeed
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(b) Diseases
0 2 4 6 8 10
EndoparasitesPasteurelosis
CRDFowl pox
Eye diseaseEctoparasitismCoccidiosisDiarrhoeaNCD
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(c) Risk factors
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of vaccinesTrade of sick birds
CarcasesDewSeason
ScavengingEarly rain/grass
Poor managementPoor biosecurity
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(d) Veterinary services
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugsSmall flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibilityCost
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Semi-intensive producers(a) Production constraints
Score12345
0 2 4 6 8 10
Backyard producers
NeighboursPredators
Poor productionShelter
Vet servicesPoor markets
Day-old chicksDiseaseFeed
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(b) Diseases
0 2 4 6 8 10
EndoparasitesPasteurelosis
CRDFowl pox
Eye diseaseEctoparasitismCoccidiosisDiarrhoeaNCD
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(c) Risk factors
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of vaccinesTrade of sick birds
CarcasesDewSeason
ScavengingEarly rain/grass
Poor managementPoor biosecurity
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(d) Veterinary services
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugsSmall flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibilityCost
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Semi-intensive producers(a) Production constraints
Score12345
0 2 4 6 8 10
Backyard producers
NeighboursPredators
Poor productionShelter
Vet servicesPoor markets
Day-old chicksDiseaseFeed
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(b) Diseases
0 2 4 6 8 10
EndoparasitesPasteurelosis
CRDFowl pox
Eye diseaseEctoparasitismCoccidiosisDiarrhoeaNCD
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(c) Risk factors
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of vaccinesTrade of sick birds
CarcasesDewSeason
ScavengingEarly rain/grass
Poor managementPoor biosecurity
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
(d) Veterinary services
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugsSmall flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibilityCost