partec microbiology-industrial 2

Microbiology/ Industrial Applications

Leading in High Sensitivity Detection and Analysis

Research | Biotechnology | Yeast

Bacteria | Viruses | Particle Detection

The microorganisms are the most successful group of allliving species occupying each habitat in water, soil, plantsand animals including humans with enormous success.This leads to a fundamental impact on all research areas inmodern biology and medicine.

01 INTRODUCTION

Microbiology | Industrial Applications

* Biotechnology and Cell Culture

* Research

* Food and Beverage Industry

Biotechnologically designed and employed microorganismsfor applications in food industry, chemistry and pharmacysignificantly increase the importance. Because of their smallsize sophisticated technology is required for detection andcharacterization. Partec offers dedicated instruments andreagents for the analysis of microorganisms.

MAIN BENEFITS

Precision _ High sensitivity flow cytometersfor low signal intensity applications

Versatility _ Any microbial FCM applicationcan be performed on Partec instruments

Comfort _ Quick enumeration of total cellcount within minutes

Safety _ Any cell type can be detected andidentified by our flow cytometers

Costs _ Optimization of large scale productionprocesses saves time and money

* Industrial Applications

Microorganisms have desirable properties which make them

predominant model organisms for genome analysis, detec-

tion of regulatory and metabolic pathways, cell division and

cell-cycle studies and many others. Easy handling and culti-

vation procedures thereby reaching an unlimited number of

cells as well as highly developed cell biological and genetic

approaches are major benefits when working with these

cells. Flow cytometry as the major methodology for cellular

analysis supports all research oriented applications by its

high potential of analysing cellular properties.

Not only cells but also virus particles are successfully being

analyzed on flow cytometers. Due to an instrument set-up

being optimized for low signal intensity applications the

Partec instruments are commonly preferred for viral

detection and characterization.

Research

Biotechnology and Cell Culture

02 OVERVIEW

Wide Range of Applications

With increasing knowledge about the functionality of

microorganisms it became more common to employ them

for biotechnological processes. A new industry developed on

the principle of using microorganisms as bioreactors – the

“White Biotechnology“. Microorganisms are commonly used

for the production of pharmaceuticals, nutrition additives,

bio-fuels and chemical components. Flow cytometers

thereby play a valuable role for monitoring the cultivation

of cells, establishing cellular assays or optimizing yield of

protein expression cultures.

A novel approach uses the susceptibility of cells to toxic

substances to set-up a bio-monitoring assay to assess the

toxic potential of various substances.

Partec provides the complete range of flow cytometrytechnology for characterization of microorganisms

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Food and Beverage Industry

Industrial production steps often include the removal of

particles by filtering or chemical treatment. This can either

occur during the process or further downstream during

waste water treatment. Partec flow cytometers allow the

detection and hence quantification of virtually any particle

with a size smaller than 200 μm and therefore function as

valuable tools for process optimization.

Industrial Applications

The utilization of microorganisms for food production has

been part of the cultural evolution of humans for centuries.

Although the same organisms are still employed for fermen-

tation processes in a large scale nowadays, the food and

beverage production is a highly engineered industrial

process. Large fermenters require constant monitoring to

prevent a break-down directly coupled to loss of money and

time. Beer, wine and whiskey production are based upon the

fermentation of sugar by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

for alcohol production. Partec offers dedicated instruments

and reagent kits for monitoring the yeast growth parameters.

Controlling the desired organisms is one feature of the

process, however not less important is the immediate

detection of contaminating and very often spoiling organisms.

Quality control of food products is an issue with growing

importance. Partec provides valuable support because

virtually any cellular contamination can be detected on our

flow cytometers. Protocols for general detection of any

contaminant or individual species detection based on

DNA specific probes are available.

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The high potential of flow cytometry for microbial analysisconditions the nearly endless versatility. A range of appli-cations is displayed on the following pages, designatedPartec instruments and reagents can be found in section 14.

03 OVERVIEW

Microbiology | Industrial Applications

Research04 _ Research in Biology and Medicine

05 _ Virus detection

Biotechnology and Cell Culture06 _ Cell Counting in Biotechnology and Cell Culture

07 _ Toxicology and Biomonitoring

Industrial Applications12 _ Particle counting, Paper industry

Food and Beverage industry 08 _ Quality control of Food products

09 _ Yeast in Brewery, Destillery, Wine production

10 _ Fermentation control, Food industry, Process optimization

11 _ Brettanomyces

RESEARCH IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

04 APPLICATIONS

Research

MAIN BENEFITS_ Superior sensitivity and resolution

_ Large selection of excitation lightsources

_ Modular design of Partec instruments for highest flexibility

Seperation of differently sized organisms during a single measurement in a scatter plot: Staphylococcus spec. – Lactobacillus spec. – Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Subsequent analysis: Mitochondrial activity measurement of Staphylococcus, DNA stain of Lactobacillus, Viability measurement of Saccharomyces.

Suitable instruments

for this application:

_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML

For details please see

section 14.

Surprisingly enough an estimated 99% of

all living microorganisms have not even

been discovered although (or maybe

because) they colonise any habitat with

great success. From an evolutionary point

of view the microbes show a large degree

of biodiversity, commonly being unified by

the feature of their small size. This feature

makes the microbes to a group which is

most privileged for analysis by flow

cytometry: the cells usually occur as

individuals and as a consequence sample

preparation is pretty much facilitated.

However, signal intensities are usually

low due to small cell size and hence, low

cellular content of stainable molecules.

Partec offers the strongest (for flow

cytometry available) laser models for a

maximum excitation of the selected

fluorochromes. This also makes the low

signal intensity microorganisms an easy

to approach object of analysis. The choice

from a large number of light sources and

the modular design of all our instruments

allows the usage of the whole range of

available test reagents. Cell enumeration,

cell cycle analysis, viability analysis and

many other fluorescence measurements

are easy to perform applications on

Partec flow cytometers.

Saccharomyces cerevisia

FSC

FL1-viable cells

FSC

FL1

SSC

FL3-

dead

cells

FL1-

stai

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FL3-

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l act

ivity

Lactobacillus spec.

Staphylococcus spec.

Fig. 1

Detection of Bacteriophage MS2 on a Partec flow cytometer

Detection of virus particles is very

demanding for both the sensitivity of the

instrument and the sample preparation

conditions because low sensitivities can

be expected for both scatter and fluo-

rescence signals. Therefore, technical

specifications of the instrument need to

be pushed to a limit. Partec has always

been working on the leading edge of

FCM technology and incorporated the

latest developments of available laser

technologies for the modern line of

Partec instrumentation. Consequently,

Partec was the first developer and

manufacturer of flow cytometers offering

laser excitation power far beyond the

well – established standards. In addition,

Partec flow cytometers can be optimized

for low signal intensity measurements.

Virus particles in most cases can only

be detected by staining of the viral

nucleic acids.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Highest sensitivity by advanced laser

power

_ Measurements at the leading edge oftechnology

VIRUS DETECTION

FSC – SSC plot of pure buffer (Fig. 2) and virus particles diluted in the same buffer (Fig. 3). Under the preparation conditions phages tend to form aggregates , thus explaining the

elongated tail of virus particles in the gated region.

Fig. 2 Fig. 3

SSC

SSC

FSC FSC

05 APPLICATIONS

Research



_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

An accurate determination of the actual cell

content is a necessary step in monitoring

the growth of microorganisms. Conventional

techniques include counting in a chamber

or cultivation on agar plates. Especially

the plating techniques are time-demanding

because results are not available before

growth of cells has been observed macro-

scopically. The obtained count reflects

the cultivable cell number only under

certain growth conditions, not necessarily

the total number of cells being present.

By FCM technology cells can easily be

identified by their size and structure. In

case a more specific detection method is

required cells can be stained with a

specific DNA binding dye. Results are

obtained within minutes by this method.

Additional information (viability, species

identification) may be obtained by slight

modifications of the staining protocol.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Cell counting within minutes

_ Straight forward and simple stainingprocedures

_ Measurement of functional assays

Comparison of cell counting technologies: flow cytometry against conventional methods

Conventional methods

Flow Cytometry

CELL COUNTING IN BIOTECHNOLOGYAND CELL CULTURE

Plating on agar

Analysis by FCMCell Growth

CONVENTIONAL METHODSResult: Cultivable cell count

PARTEC FLOW CYTOMETRY – MORE THAN 120 TIMES FASTER THAN CONVENTIONAL METHODS12 – 48 hours

10 minutes

FLOW CYTOMETRYResult: Total cell count

Viable cell count

Identification of species

Physiological parameters

Typical flow cytometric result of cell counting:

cells can easily be identified based on their scatter

signals (Fig. 4) or after DNA staining (Fig. 5).

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Staining

SSC

Cou

nt

FSC

Cell concentration:

795 cells /μl

Cell concentration:

782 cells / μl

DNA-stain

06 APPLICATIONS




_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

Modern technology creates and produces

an overwhelming number of chemical

components which are ubiquitarilly

present as food additives, colouring

agents, etc. The biological effect of these

substances on cellular functionality has

only been tested in few cases. The toxic

potential of chemicals though has to be

tested more carefully due to more

restrictive regulations. In vitro toxicity

assays can easily be developed based on

flow cytometry detection techniques. The

most common phytoplankton organism

employed for toxicity monitoring assays

is the green algae Desmodesmus spec.

Cultures of virtually any cell type can be

analyzed in the same way and may

reduce tests on whole organisms.

Growth kinetics of treated cultures yield

the LC50 value for an investigated com-

pound by exactly counting the cell

number. This kind of analysis can easily

be done on Partec flow cyometers which

are all equiped with the unique True

Absolute Volumetric Counting (please

see section 15) feature.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Cell counting within minutes

_ Assessing biological hazard potential of chemical substances

_ Replacement of animal test procedures

Growth of monitor organisms in multi-well plates at time point 72 hours (Fig. 6) without testing component (upper row) or after addition of the testing component at various

concentrations (bottom rows). Samples can directly be analyzed from the incubation plates by using the Multi-well plate autoloader Robby®Well. Cell count versus time yields

the LC50 for each compound (Fig. 7).

TOXICOLOGY AND BIOMONITORING

Fig. 6 Fig. 7

Determination of cell number in toxicology assays

_ 1

1 _

2 _

3 _Replicates –>

_ 2

_ 3

07 APPLICATIONS




_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Sequence specific detection of

contaminants

_ Easy quantification of contaminants

_ Quality control of food products

Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus cells with a labelled RNA specific probe (detectable

in the green fluorescence channel). Histogram of green fluorescence of a control sample

(Fig. 8) and a hybridized sample (Fig. 9). Cells labelled with the fluorescent probe show a

strong signal in FL1.

Two FSC-SSC plots of the hybridized samples. Labelled cells in RN 1 of Fig. 9 are

backgated to Fig. 11 (highlighted in green).

DNA SPECIFIC DETECTION, QUALITYCONTROL OF FOOD PRODUCTS

Microorganisms are indispensable for

many production processes in food and

beverage industry. However they may

also be amongst the most unwanted

contaminants in the same reactors.

Controlling and protecting the good

ones, detecting and abolishing the bad

ones: this challenging task can only be

reached by employing the proper cell

analyzing instruments. Due to their high

sensitivity, the easy instrument handling

and many available reagents Partec´s

flow cytometers make applications as cell

enumeration, measurement of total viable

cell count and many others accessible for

any quality check facility. For species-

specific detection of microorganisms

newly developed DNA hybridization tech-

niques are available (FISH technology)

which can be applied on Partec flow

cytometry systems. In this way contami-

nations of growing cultures with spoiling

bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus brevis or

Pectinatus spec.) can easily be detected.

The method does not require time-

consuming plating of samples and sub-

sequent day-long incubation times

before receiving the final result. The

mobile technology of Partec's flow

cytometers allows the monitoring of

several fermenters even at different

locations thereby reducing investment

into technical equipment to a minimum.

Of course, the same technique can also

be applied for classical taxonomy studies

using species specific DNA probes.

Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11

Identification of Lactobacillus by a DNA probe

Cou

nt

FL1

Cou

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FL1

SSC

FSC

SSC

FSC

08 APPLICATIONS




_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Monitoring of fermentation

_ Rapid measurement of cell viability

_ Physiological growth parameters

YEAST IN BREWERY, DESTILLERY,WINE PRODUCTION AND FOODINDUSTRY

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker´s yeast)

is without any doubt the most employed

microorganism in food and beverage

production. A fact which emphasizes its

importance for human nutrition on a

global scale. Controlling the cell growth

status requires both, long experience

and the right technical equipment. The

first is not commercially available - you

have already proven your qualities anyway.

For the latter we provide the dedicated

instruments for monitoring cell density,

viability, contaminants and other growth

parameters in order to prevent dramatic

fermentation crashes. Due to its modular

optical design, almost every fluorescence-

based detection reagent can be analyzed

on Partec flow cytometry instruments.

The Trehalose content of Saccharomyces

cerevisiae is commonly believed to confer

stress tolerance to growing yeast cells and

enables the cells to survive stages of

anhydrobiosis. Commercially applied

strains of baker´s yeast for fermentation

purposes normally contain more than

10% Trehalose of the dry weight. The

Trehalose content varies significantly in

dependence of nutrition content and growth

rate and is an important indicator for

cellular physiology. With Partec FCM units

and staining kits the level of Trehalose

content can easily be determined.

Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14

Saccharomyces cerevisiae stained with the Partec

“Yeast Control –Viability“ kit. The ratio of living and

dead cells can be obtained 10 minutes after taking

the sample from the fermenter (Fig. 12).

Fluorescence measurement of yeast Trehalose content. Staining with

Partec “ Yeast Control – Trehalose“ at time points 0 (left) and 12 hours

(right) after inoculation (Fig. 13).

Trehalose content of growing yeast cells at various stages

after inoculation (Fig. 14).

FL3-

dead

cel

ls

FL1 -viable cells FL1 -trehalose

Mean Fluorescence intensity

Trehalose content of yeast cells

FL1 -trehaloseGrowth (hours)

Cel

ls /

μl

Analysis of physiological growth parameters of yeast cells

09 APPLICATIONS




_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Monitoring of fermentation

_ Rapid measurement of cell viability

_ Physiological growth parameters

FERMENTATION CONTROL, FOODINDUSTRY, PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

The major area of application is the

microbial quality control in food, food

additives and beverage production, in

the pharmaceutical industry and in pro-

duction of drinking water and in waste

water treatment. Process control in

bioreactors cultivating bacteria, yeast or

higher cells require constant control of

fermentation conditions.

Lactobacillus spec. is the most com-

monly employed bacteria in food

industry. Fermentation success directly

influences product quality because

slightest variations in taste, colour,

smell or stability of the final product are

recognized by the consumer. Year-long

constancy of the product can only be

reached by experience and sophisticated

detection methods. Partec instruments

contribute significantly by providing

essential information of cell count,

viability and other physiological growth

parameters.

Identification and counting of Lactobacillus can easily be done in the FSC – SSC plot (Fig. 15). A simple DNA stain allows discrimination of living and dead cells (Fig. 16, living cells in

Q2, dead cells in Q4).

Fig. 15 Fig. 16

SSC

FL1-

viab

le c

ells

FSC

Cell concentration: 985 cells / μl

Viable cell concentration: 938 cells / μl

FSC

Quick determination of total cell number of Lactobacillus directly taken from the fermenter

10 APPLICATIONSFood and Beverage Industry |Industrial Applications



_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Quality control of expensive wine

products

_ Fast detection and quantification ofcontaminants

_ New developed, economic detectionmethod

Fluorescence staining of Brettanomyces allows fast quantification of spoiling yeast cells Smooth hills in Southern France

BRETTANOMYCES DETECTION –QUALITY CONTROL OF WINE

Fig. 17

Viable Brettanomyces

Concentration of Brettanomyces: 17.710 cells / ml

Viable Brettanomyces

Cou

nt

Cel

l siz

Enumeration of Brettanomyces sp. in red wine

11 APPLICATIONS


A major problem in red wine production

with high economical impact is the

appearance of off-flavours caused by

Brettanomyces sp. yeasts during wine

maturation. Unwanted taste components

like ”antispetic“, ”bretty“, ”cheese“,

”rancidity“, ”horse sweat“ and, ”animalic

note“ cause wine spoilage and reduce

wine quality and price. Brettanomyces

spoilage can be prevented by adding

sulphur dioxide at an early stage of

maturation before Brettanomyces develop

in reasonable numbers. Yeast proliferation

reacts in particular sensitive on the

presence of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide

treatment itself influences the wines

buquet and reduces sales prices signifi-

cantly. Therefore, after finishing the

alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces

yeast, early detection and quantification

of Brettanomyces in maturating wine is

required to ensure absence of this

organism or to initiate sulphur or other

treatments. Partec flow cytometry solu-

tions are now replacing conventional

methods which have been too expensive

and time consuming to prevent wine

spoilage by Brettanomces on a wide scale.



_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

Paper production industry

Usage of flow cytometry is not limited to

cells only. Each particle with a diameter

smaller than 200 μm is practically suit-

able for analysis by our instruments.

Particle size, particle number and spe-

cific fluorescence signals can easily be

analyzed within one single experiment.

Quantification of unwanted by-products

during large scale production proce-

dures and control of their effective

removal will stream-line the production

process and save substantial amounts of

money. For example, Partec instruments

are meanwhile well established for

analysis of wood pulp in paper produc-

tion industry.

Analysis of standard beads with known

diameters allow the transformation of

the FSC intensity axis into a particle size

distribution axis.

MAIN BENEFITS_ Particle counting over a wide size

range within minutes

_ Optimization of large scale industrialprocesses

_ Enormous time and cost saving

PARTICLE DETECTION IN PAPERINDUSTRY

Fig. 18

Fig. 19

Any particle measurement in

a FSC histogram can be trans-

formed into a size distribution by

standardization with reference

beads of known diameters.

Fig.19: The red and green curves show the overlay of wood pulp samples measurements before and after treatment with a

crosslinker, resp. The results demonstrate the substantial removal of unwanted particles.

Counting of total particle content in wood pulp samples

12 APPLICATIONS

Industrial Applications

FSC

Par

ticle

cou

nt

Par

ticle

cou

nt

FSC

Particle size

Tota

l par

ticle

s



_ CyFlow® SL

_ CyFlow® space

_ CyFlow® ML


section 14.

13 OVERVIEW

Instruments | Technology

Unique features of Partec flow cytometers which determineour instruments for low intensity applications

_ Strongest available laser output power for maximumexcitation

_ Large selection of excitation light sources375nm, 405nm, 488nm, 532nm, 561nm, 638nm and others

_ Highest sensitivity Scatter 0,1 μmFluorescence < 100 MESF (FITC), < 50 MESF (PE)

_ Different beam stop specifications and forward scatterangles available

_ Portability (CyFlow® SL)_ High stability, robustness and precision

Partec instruments

Article No. Item

CY-S-1035 Partec CyFlow® SL

1 Laser, 3 fluorescence colours

CY-S-3001 Partec CyFlow® space

1-3 Lasers, UV LED, 7 fluorescence parameters

CY-S-2001 Partec CyFlow® ML

1-4 Lasers, UV LED, 13 fluorescence parameters

Instrument accessories

Article No. Item

12-01-1000 Partec Particle and Cell Sorter PPCS

For CyFlow® space

16-02-1000 Multi Well Plate Autolaoder Robby® Well

For CyFlow® SL, CyFlow® space and CyFlow® ML

14 PRODUCTS

Instruments | Reagents

Reagents

Article No. Item Packaging Unit

05-6000-01 YeastControl - Cell Cycle 50 Tests

Reagent kit for biotechnological fermentation control

05-6000-02 YeastControl - Viability 100 Tests


05-6000-03 YeastControl - Glycogen 50 Tests


05-6000-04 YeastControl - Trehalose 50 Tests


05-6000-05 YeastControl - Neutral lipids 50 Tests


on request Standard sized beads on request

Beads for particle size determination

on request Cell staining reagents on request

Reagents for labeling of cells and cell counting

05-6001 Oeno Yeast 50 Tests

Staining reagent for detection of Brettanomyces in wine

Full flexibility and automation with the Partec FloMax® software.

Predefined and freely adaptable instru-

ment settings and panels facilitate

switching between different applica-

tions. FloMax® is optimized for immu-

nophenotyping, microbiology analysis,

cell cycle, DNA ploidy, and other scientific

flow cytometric analysis. Data are stored

in FCS flow cytometry standard file format

for easy exchange with other analysis

software. One of the unique features is

the digital on- and offline color crosstalk

compensation of the spectral overlap of

fluorescence from simultaneously ana-

lysed dyes. The N-color compensation

algorithm allows a correction of the

crosstalk between any parameter

without the need to rerun a sample.

FloMax® optimally supports the True

Volumetric Absolute Counting feature

of the Partec FCM instruments, displaying

particle concentrations for any subset

of cells, even if defined by a gate at a

later time after the acquisition.

The FloMax® panel system allows

automated analysis of repeating

sample series employing different dyes

or instrument settings. The FloMax®

software generates data fittings for

automated analysis of the results (e.g.

cell cycle distribution, picture on the

right). Comprehensive and user-

designed reports of the results can be

created as Microsoft Word or Excel files.

The Windows™ FloMax® software integrates instrument control including acquisition, on- and offline data analysis, on-and offline compensation into a complete software package.

15 ANALYZE

CyFlow® Software for CyFlow Systems

The True Volumetric Absolute Counting (TVAC) is a unique feature of all Partec Flow Cytometers, offeringhighest absolute counting precision and accuracy.

The CyFlow® instruments analyse

concentrations of any particle or cell

subpopulation of interest using True

Volumetric Absolute Counting. This

unique method is solely based on the

fundamental definition of absolute

counting respectively the particle

concentration (c) equals the counted

number (N) of particles (e.g. cells) in a

given volume (V), c = N / V. In the

CyFlow® instruments, the volume is

measured directly by mechanical means

(rather than by calibration with expensive

beads with a—sometimes doubtful—

”given” nominal concentration).

Thus, the precision of volume measu-

rement is defined by a fixed mechanical

design, eliminating any errors related

to varying bead concentrations or bead

aggregation. The CyFlow® instruments

allow the analysis of a fixed volume as

defined by the distance between two

platinum electrodes reaching into the

sample tube with a given diameter.

Alternatively, a well defined volume of

free choice involving the digital sample

speed control can be used. Benefits of

True Volumetric Absolute Counting:

_ digital volumetric precision by mechanical design: CV< 2 %

_ no errors related to calibration

_ no additional time and preparation steps for reference beads or haematology reference count

_ no expenses for calibration beads

_ no separate cell counter required

Regular Flow Cuvette

New sophisticated applications and increasing requirementsfor reliable results in research and routine within shortestpossible time - The challenge for flow cytometry instrumen-tation, automation and software.

A well-established network of subsidiaries

and distributors in more than 60 countries

worldwide characterizes Partec’s com-

mitment to the increasing focus and need

for global access to Flow Cytometry

instrumentation and application support:

www.partec.de/partec/distributors.html

40 Years of Experience and Professional Expertise

Partec – pioneer in Flow Cytometry since 1967/68 –

responds to these requirements with the new genera-

tion of Windows™ based CyFlow® and PAS™ FCM

systems featuring innovative computer controlled flow

systems, modular optical systems with advanced

PMTs for all optical channels, most modern computer

and digital electronic technologies including fast and

precise 16 bit ADC converters and realtime data acquisi-

tion and display.

16 COMPANY

Flow Cytometry made in Germany

complete list of publications: www.partec.com

17 LITERATURE

Selection of Scientific Publications

Karl-Josef Hutter, Michaela Miedl, Britta Kuhmann,

Frank Nitzsche, James H. Bryce and Graham G. Stewart.

Detection of Proteinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

by Flow Cytometry. J. Inst. Brew. 111(1), 26–32, 2005

Frederik A. Hammes and Thomas Egli. New Method

for Assimilable Organic Carbon Determination Using

Flow-Cytometric Enumeration and a Natural

Microbiological Consortium as Inoculum. Environ Sci.

Technol. 2005, 39, 3289 – 3294

Paul H. Bessette and Patrick S. Daugherty. Flow

Cytometric Screening of cDNA Expression Libraries

for Fluorescent Proteins. Biotechnol Prog. 2004

May-Jun;20(3):963-7

Claus Holm and Lene Jespersen. A Flow-Cytometric

Gram-Staining Technique for Milk-Associated Bacteria.

Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 2003; 69: 2857 - 2863

E. Marza, N. Camougrand and S. Manon. Bax

expression protects yeast plasma membrane against

ethanol-induced permeabilization. FEBS Letters 2002,

521:1-3, 47-52

J. P. Day, D. B. Kell and G. W. Griffith. Differentiation of

Phytophtora infestans sporangia from other airborne

biological particles by flow cytometry. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 2002, 68:1, 37-45

G. Nebe-Von Caron, P. Stephens and A. R. Badley.

Bacterial detection and differentiation by cytometry

and fluorescent probes. Proceedings RMS 1999,

34/1, 321-327

Jan Kolberg, Audun Aase, Simone Bergmann,

Tove K. Herstad, Gunnhild Rodal, Ronald Frank,

Manfred Rohde and Sven Hammerschmidt.

Streptococcus pneumoniae enolase is important

for plasminogen binding despite low abundance

of enolase protein on the bacterial cell surface.

Microbiology 152 (2006), 1307 – 1317

Michael Berney, Hans-Ulrich Weilenmann and

Thomas Egli. Flow-cytometric study of vital cellular

functions in Escheria coli during solar disinfection

(SODIS). Microbiology (2006), 152, 1719-1729

Paul H. Chlup, James Conery and Graham G. Stewart.

Detection of Mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

by flow cytometry. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2007,

65(3): 151-156

Paul H. Chlup, Dominic Bernard and Graham G. Stewart.

The Disc Stack Centrifuge and its Impact on Yeast and

Beer Quality. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2007, 65(1): 29-37

Lú Chau T, A. Guillán, E. Roca, M.J. Núñez and

J.M. Lema. Population dynamics of a continuous

fermentation of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

using flow cytometry. Biotechnol Prog. 2001, 17(5):951-7.

J.C. Bouchez, M. Cornu, M. Danzart, J.Y. Leveau,

F. Duchiron and, M. Bouix. Physiological significance

of the cytometric distribution of fluorescent yeasts

after viability staining. Biotechnology and Bioengineering.

2004 Volume 86, Issue 5 , Pages 520 – 530

H. Hohenblum, N. Borth and D. Mattanovich.

Assessing viability and cell-associated product of

recombinant protein producing Pichia pastoris with

flow cytometry. J Biotechnol. 2003, 102(3):281-90.

12

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Healthcare AgrosciencesMicrobiology Industrial

Applications

Essential Healthcare forHIV/AIDS TB Malaria

Partec Essential Healthcare is signi-

ficantly contributing to addressing the

specific requirements of patients

by developing, manufacturing, and

supplying innovative, dedicated, accurate,

affordable, and mobile solutions

to where they are needed most for

improving human healthcare services.

Flow Cytometry & Cell Analysis

Partec offers a wide range of modu-

lar and flexibly configurable flow

cytometry systems with up to

5 light sources and up to 16 optical

parameters featuring options for

integrated closed cell sorting and

autosampling/autoloading.

OEM

Partec is your reliable Original Equip-

ment Manufacturer (OEM) partner

for a wide range of applications in the

fields of healthcare, microbiology,

agrosciences, and industrial applica-

tions, offering all benefits and advan-

tages due to Partec's highest-depth

in-house hardware and software

development.

www.partec.com

Headquarters

Partec GmbH

Otto-Hahn-Straße 32

D-48161 Münster

Germany

Fon +49 (0) 2534 8008-0

Fax +49 (0) 2534 8008-90

[email protected]

North AmericaPartec North America, Inc.

603 Heron Dr.

Unit 9

Swedesboro, NJ 08085

USA

Fon 856 467 0018

Fax 856 467 0188

[email protected]

JapanPartec Japan, Inc

3628-46 Kandatsu

Tsuchiura City

300-0013

Japan

Fon +81 (0) 29 834 7788

Fax +81 (0) 29 834 7772

[email protected]

FrancePartec S.A.R.L.

14/16 rue Gallieni

91700 Sainte Geneviève

des Bois

France

Fon +33 (0) 1 69 04 87 12

Fax +33 (0) 1 69 04 90 38

[email protected]

United KingdomPartec UK Ltd

Suite BG10, Canterbury

Enterprise Hub

University of Kent

Giles Lane · Canterbury,

Kent CT2 7NJ · UK

Fon +44 (0) 1227 823744

Fax +44 (0) 1227 824038

[email protected]

ItaliaPartec Italia S.r.l.

Via G. Mascherpa 14

20048 Carate Brianza (MB)

Italia

Fon +39 0362 909 143

Fax +39 0362 909 157

[email protected]

CONTACT complete list of subsidiaries and distributors: www.partec.com

partec microbiology-industrial 2

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