partb-hull and stability.pdf

Rules for the Classification of Pleasure Yachts Effective from 1 January 2009

Part BHull and StabilityRINA S.p.A.Via Corsica, 12 - 16128 Genova - ItalyTel. +39 01053851 - Fax: +39 0105351000E-MAIL [email protected] - WEB www.rina.orgC.F./P.Iva 03794120109Cap. Soc. EURO 30.192.800,00 i.v.R.I. Genova N. 03794120109

GENERAL CONDITIONSDefinitions:"Rules" in these General Conditions means the documents belowissued by the Society:- Rules for the Classification of Ships or other special units;- Complementary Rules containing the requirements for product,plant, system and other certification or containing the require-ments for the assignment of additional class notations;- Rules for the application of statutory rules, containing the rules toperform the duties delegated by Administrations;- Guides to carry out particular activities connected with Services;- Any other technical document, as for example rule variations orinterpretations.Services means the activities described in Article 1 below, ren-dered by the Society upon request made by or on behalf of theInterested Party.Society or RINA means RINA S.p.A. and/or all the companiesin the RINA Group which provide the Services.Surveyor means technical staff acting on behalf of the Society inperforming the Services.Interested Party means the party, other than the Society, havingan interest in or responsibility for the Ship, product, plant or sys-tem subject to classification or certification (such as the owner ofthe Ship and his representatives, the ship builder, the enginebuilder or the supplier of parts to be tested) who requests the Ser-vices or on whose behalf the Services are requested.Owner means the registered Owner, the ship Owner, the man-ager or any other party with the responsibility, legally or contractu-ally, to keep the ship seaworthy or in service, having particularregard to the provisions relating to the maintenance of class laiddown in Part A, Chapter 2 of the Rules for the Classification ofShips or in the corresponding rules indicated in the specific Rules.Administration means the Government of the State whose flagthe Ship is entitled to fly or under whose authority the Ship isauthorised to operate in the specific case."Ship" means ships, boats, craft and other special units, as forexample offshore structures, floating units and underwater craft.Article 11.1. - The purpose of the Society is, among others, the classifica-tion and certification of ships and the certification of their partsand components.The Society:- sets forth and develops Rules;- publishes the Register of Ships;- issues certificates, statements and reports based on its surveyactivities.1.2. - The Society also takes part in the implementation of nationaland international rules and standards as delegated by various Gov-ernments.1.3. The Society carries out technical assistance activities onrequest and provides special services outside the scope of classifi-cation, which are regulated by these general conditions, unlessexpressly excluded in the particular contract.Article 22.1. - The Rules developed by the Society reflect the level of itstechnical knowledge at the time they are published. Therefore, theSociety, though committed, also through its research and develop-ment services, to continuous updating, does not guarantee theymeet state-of-the-art science and technology at the time of publi-cation or that they meet the Society's or others' subsequent techni-cal developments.2.2. - The Interested Party is required to know the Rules on thebasis of which the Services are provided. With particular referenceto Classification Services, special attention is to be given to theRules concerning class suspension, withdrawal and reinstatement.In case of doubt or inaccuracy, the Interested Party is to promptlycontact the Society for clarification. The Rules for Classification of Ships are published on the Society'swebsite: www.rina.org.2.3. - The Society exercises due care and skill: - in the selection of its Surveyors- in the performance of its Services, taking into account the level ofits technical knowledge at the time the Services are performed.2.4. - Surveys conducted by the Society include, but are not lim-ited to, visual inspection and non-destructive testing. Unless other-wise required, surveys are conducted through samplingtechniques and do not consist of comprehensive verification ormonitoring of the Ship or of the items subject to certification. Thesurveys and checks made by the Society on board ship do not nec-essarily require the constant and continuous presence of the Sur-veyor. The Society may also commission laboratory testing,underwater inspection and other checks carried out by and under

the responsibility of qualified service suppliers. Survey practicesand procedures are selected by the Society based on its experi-ence and knowledge and according to generally accepted techni-cal standards in the sector.Article 33.1. - The class assigned to a Ship, like the reports, statements, cer-tificates or any other document or information issued by the Soci-ety, reflects the opinion of the Society concerning compliance, atthe time the Service is provided, of the Ship or product subject tocertification, with the applicable Rules (given the intended use andwithin the relevant time frame).The Society is under no obligation to make statements or provideinformation about elements or facts which are not part of the spe-cific scope of the Service requested by the Interested Party or on itsbehalf.3.2. - No report, statement, notation on a plan, review, Certificateof Classification, document or information issued or given as partof the Services provided by the Society shall have any legal effector implication other than a representation that, on the basis of thechecks made by the Society, the Ship, structure, materials, equip-ment, machinery or any other item covered by such document orinformation meet the Rules. Any such document is issued solelyfor the use of the Society, its committees and clients or other dulyauthorised bodies and for no other purpose. Therefore, the Societycannot be held liable for any act made or document issued byother parties on the basis of the statements or information given bythe Society. The validity, application, meaning and interpretationof a Certificate of Classification, or any other document or infor-mation issued by the Society in connection with its Services, isgoverned by the Rules of the Society, which is the sole subjectentitled to make such interpretation. Any disagreement on techni-cal matters between the Interested Party and the Surveyor in thecarrying out of his functions shall be raised in writing as soon aspossible with the Society, which will settle any divergence of opin-ion or dispute.3.3. - The classification of a Ship, or the issuance of a certificate orother document connected with classification or certification andin general with the performance of Services by the Society shallhave the validity conferred upon it by the Rules of the Society atthe time of the assignment of class or issuance of the certificate; inno case shall it amount to a statement or warranty of seaworthi-ness, structural integrity, quality or fitness for a particular purposeor service of any Ship, structure, material, equipment or machin-ery inspected or tested by the Society.3.4. - Any document issued by the Society in relation to its activi-ties reflects the condition of the Ship or the subject of certificationor other activity at the time of the check.3.5. - The Rules, surveys and activities performed by the Society,reports, certificates and other documents issued by the Society arein no way intended to replace the duties and responsibilities ofother parties such as Governments, designers, ship builders, man-ufacturers, repairers, suppliers, contractors or sub-contractors,Owners, operators, charterers, underwriters, sellers or intendedbuyers of a Ship or other product or system surveyed.These documents and activities do not relieve such parties fromany fulfilment, warranty, responsibility, duty or obligation (also of acontractual nature) expressed or implied or in any case incumbenton them, nor do they confer on such parties any right, claim orcause of action against the Society. With particular regard to theduties of the ship Owner, the Services undertaken by the Societydo not relieve the Owner of his duty to ensure proper maintenanceof the Ship and ensure seaworthiness at all times. Likewise, theRules, surveys performed, reports, certificates and other docu-ments issued by the Society are intended neither to guarantee thebuyers of the Ship, its components or any other surveyed or certi-fied item, nor to relieve the seller of the duties arising out of thelaw or the contract, regarding the quality, commercial value orcharacteristics of the item which is the subject of transaction.In no case, therefore, shall the Society assume the obligationsincumbent upon the above-mentioned parties, even when it isconsulted in connection with matters not covered by its Rules orother documents.In consideration of the above, the Interested Party undertakes torelieve and hold harmless the Society from any third party claim,as well as from any liability in relation to the latter concerning theServices rendered.Insofar as they are not expressly provided for in these GeneralConditions, the duties and responsibilities of the Owner and Inter-ested Parties with respect to the services rendered by the Societyare described in the Rules applicable to the specific Service ren-dered.

Article 44.1. Any request for the Society's Services shall be submitted inwriting and signed by or on behalf of the Interested Party. Such arequest will be considered irrevocable as soon as received by theSociety and shall entail acceptance by the applicant of all relevantrequirements of the Rules, including these General Conditions.Upon acceptance of the written request by the Society, a contractbetween the Society and the Interested Party is entered into, whichis regulated by the present General Conditions.4.2. In consideration of the Services rendered by the Society, theInterested Party and the person requesting the service shall bejointly liable for the payment of the relevant fees, even if the ser-vice is not concluded for any cause not pertaining to the Society.In the latter case, the Society shall not be held liable for non-fulfil-ment or partial fulfilment of the Services requested. In the event oflate payment, interest at the legal current rate increased by 2%may be demanded.4.3. - The contract for the classification of a Ship or for other Ser-vices may be terminated and any certificates revoked at therequest of one of the parties, subject to at least 30 days' notice tobe given in writing. Failure to pay, even in part, the fees due forServices carried out by the Society will entitle the Society to imme-diately terminate the contract and suspend the Services.For every termination of the contract, the fees for the activities per-formed until the time of the termination shall be owed to the Soci-ety as well as the expenses incurred in view of activities alreadyprogrammed; this is without prejudice to the right to compensa-tion due to the Society as a consequence of the termination.With particular reference to Ship classification and certification,unless decided otherwise by the Society, termination of the con-tract implies that the assignment of class to a Ship is withheld or, ifalready assigned, that it is suspended or withdrawn; any statutorycertificates issued by the Society will be withdrawn in those caseswhere provided for by agreements between the Society and theflag State.Article 55.1. - In providing the Services, as well as other correlated infor-mation or advice, the Society, its Surveyors, servants or agentsoperate with due diligence for the proper execution of the activity.However, considering the nature of the activities performed (seeart. 2.4), it is not possible to guarantee absolute accuracy, correct-ness and completeness of any information or advice supplied.Express and implied warranties are specifically disclaimed. Therefore, except as provided for in paragraph 5.2 below, and alsoin the case of activities carried out by delegation of Governments,neither the Society nor any of its Surveyors will be liable for anyloss, damage or expense of whatever nature sustained by any per-son, in tort or in contract, derived from carrying out the Services.5.2. Notwithstanding the provisions in paragraph 5.1 above,should any user of the Society's Services prove that he has suffereda loss or damage due to any negligent act or omission of the Soci-ety, its Surveyors, servants or agents, then the Society will paycompensation to such person for his proved loss, up to, but notexceeding, five times the amount of the fees charged for the spe-cific services, information or opinions from which the loss or dam-age derives or, if no fee has been charged, a maximum of onehundred thousand Euro. Where the fees charged are related to anumber of Services, the amount of the fees will be apportioned forthe purpose of the calculation of the maximum compensation, byreference to the estimated time involved in the performance of theService from which the damage or loss derives. Any liability forindirect or consequential loss, damage or expense is specificallyexcluded. In any case, irrespective of the amount of the feescharged, the maximum damages payable by the Society will notbe more than 1 million Euro. Payment of compensation under thisparagraph will not entail any admission of responsibility and/orliability by the Society and will be made without prejudice to thedisclaimer clause contained in paragraph 5.1 above.5.3. - Any claim for loss or damage of whatever nature by virtue ofthe provisions set forth herein shall be made to the Society in writ-ing, within the shorter of the following periods: THREE MONTHSfrom the date on which the Services were performed or THREEMONTHS from the date on which the damage was discovered.Failure to comply with the above deadline will constitute an abso-lute bar to the pursuit of such a claim against the Society.Article 66.1. - Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Rules orwith the Services of the Society, including any issues concerningresponsibility, liability or limitations of liability of the Society, willbe determined in accordance with Italian Law and settled througharbitration assigned to a board of three arbitrators who will pro-ceed in compliance with the Rules of the Chamber of National

and International Arbitration of Milan. Arbitration will take placein Genoa, Italy.6.2. - However, for disputes concerning non-payment of the feesand/or expenses due to the Society for services, the Society shallhave the right to submit any claim to the jurisdiction of the Courtsof the place where the registered or operating office of the Inter-ested Party or of the applicant who requested the Service islocated.In the case of actions taken against the Society by a third partybefore a public Court, the Society shall also have the right to sum-mon the Interested Party or the subject who requested the Servicebefore that Court, in order to be relieved and held harmlessaccording to art. 3.5 above.Article 77.1. - All plans, specifications, documents and information pro-vided by, issued by, or made known to the Society, in connectionwith the performance of its Services, will be treated as confidentialand will not be made available to any other party other than theOwner without authorisation of the Interested Party, except as pro-vided for or required by any applicable international, European ordomestic legislation, Charter or other IACS resolutions, or orderfrom a competent authority. Information about the status andvalidity of class and statutory certificates, including transfers,changes, suspensions, withdrawals of class, recommendations/conditions of class, operating conditions or restrictions issuedagainst classed ships and other related information, as may berequired, may be published on the website or released by othermeans, without the prior consent of the Interested Party.Information about the status and validity of other certificates andstatements may also be published on the website or released byother means, without the prior consent of the Interested Party.7.2. - Notwithstanding the general duty of confidentiality owed bythe Society to its clients in clause 7.1 above, the Society's clientshereby accept that the Society will participate in the IACS EarlyWarning System which requires Classification Society to provideother involved Classification Societies with relevant technicalinformation on serious hull structural and engineering systems fail-ures, as defined in the IACS Early Warning System (but not includ-ing any drawings relating to the ship which may be the specificproperty of another party), to enable such useful information to beshared and used to facilitate the proper working of the IACS EarlyWarning System. The Society will provide its clients with writtendetails of such information sent to the involved ClassificationSocieties.7.3. - In the event of transfer of class, addition of a second class orwithdrawal from a double/dual class, the Interested Party under-takes to provide or to permit the Society to provide the other Clas-sification Society with all building plans and drawings, certificates,documents and information relevant to the classed unit, includingits history file, as the other Classification Society may require forthe purpose of classification in compliance with the applicablelegislation and relative IACS Procedure. It is the Owner's duty toensure that, whenever required, the consent of the builder isobtained with regard to the provision of plans and drawings to thenew Society, either by way of appropriate stipulation in the build-ing contract or by other agreement.In the event that the ownership of the ship, product or system sub-ject to certification is transferred to a new subject, the latter shallhave the right to access all pertinent drawings, specifications, doc-uments or information issued by the Society or which has come tothe knowledge of the Society while carrying out its Services, evenif related to a period prior to transfer of ownership.Pursuant and owing to Italian legislative decree 196/2003, theInterested Party declares that it has read the information sheet con-cerning the processing of personal data published on the society'swebsite and gives its consent to such processing, also for commer-cial information purposes.Article 88.1. Should any part of these General Conditions be declaredinvalid, this will not affect the validity of the remaining provisions.8.2. - In the event of doubts concerning the interpretation of theseGeneral Conditions, the Italian text will prevail.Article 99.1. When the Society provides its Services to a consumer - i.e. anatural person who does not act within the scope of his businessor professional activity - the following provisions do not apply: art.3.2. (as far as the Society is solely entitled to the interpretation ofthe Rules); art. 4.2., (as far as the payment of the fees is also duefor services not concluded due to causes not attributable to theInterested Party); art. 5.1. (as far as the exclusion of liability is con-cerned); art. 5.2.; art. 5.3.; and art. 6.1. (as far as the jurisdictionof a Board of Arbitrators based in Genoa is concerned).

EXPLANATORY NOTE TO PART B

1. Reference editionThe reference edition of these Rules is the edition effec-tive from 1 January 2007.

2. Effective date of the requirements2.1 All requirements in which new or amended provi-

sions with respect to those contained in the refer-ence edition have been introduced are followed by a date shown in brackets.

The date shown in brackets is the effective date of entry into force of the requirements as amended by the last updating. The effective date of all those requirements not followed by any date shown in brackets is that of the reference edition.

2.2 Item 4 below provides a summary of the technical changes from the preceding edition. In general, this list does not include those items to which only edi-torial changes have been made not affecting the effective date of the requirements contained therein.

3. Rule Variations and CorrigendaUntil the next edition of these Rules is published, Rule Variations and/or corrigenda, as necessary, will be pub-blished on the RINA web site (www.rina.org). Except in particular cases, paper copies of Rule Variations or cor-rigenda are not issued.

4. Rule subdivision and cross-references4.1 Rule subdivision

The Rules are subdivided into five parts, from A to E.

Part A: Classification and Surveys

Part B: Hull and Stability

Part C: Machinery, Electrical Installations and Fire Protection

Part D: Materials and Welding

Part E: Additional Class Notations

Each Part consists of: Chapters Sections and possible Appendices Articles Sub-articles Requirements

Figures (abbr. Fig) and Tables (abbr. Tab) are numbered in ascending order within each Section or Appendix.

4.2 Cross-references

Examples: Pt A, Ch 3, Sec 1, [3.2.1] or Pt A, Ch 3, App 1, [3.2.1] Pt A means Part A

The part is indicated when it is different from the part in which the cross-reference appears. Otherwise, it is not indicated. Ch 3 means Chapter 3

The Chapter is indicated when it is different from the chapter in which the cross-reference appears. Other-wise, it is not indicated. Sec 1 means Section 1 (or App 1 means

Appendix 1 )

The Section (or Appendix) is indicated when it is differ-ent from the Section (or Appendix) in which the cross-reference appears. Otherwise, it is not indicated. [3.2.1] refers to requirement 1, within sub-article 2

of article 3.

Cross-references to an entire Part or Chapter are not abbreviated as indicated in the following examples: Part A for a cross-reference to Part A Part A, Chapter 1 for a cross-reference to Chapter 1

of Part A.

5. Summary of amendments introduced in the edi-tion effective from 1 January 2009

The items containing new or modified requirementswith respect to those of the previous edition are the fol-lowing: Title of the Rules Part A:

Ch 1, Sec 2: [6.3];Ch 2, Sec 1: [2.1.1]; [2.1.6];Ch 2, App 2: New Appendix;Ch 4, Sec 3: [1.1.1];

Part B:Ch 1, Sec 1: [5.1.2]; [5.2.4]; [5.4.2]; [5.6.3];[5.6.4]; [5.13.1];Ch 1, Sec 2: [2.1.1]; [2.2.1]; [5.1.1];Ch 1, Sec 3: Table 1;Ch 1, Sec 5: Table 1; [5.6.1]; [5.6.2];Ch 1, App 1: New Appendix;Ch 2, Sec 10: Table 1; Table 2;Ch 3, Sec 2: [1.6.1];Ch 3, Sec 10: Table 1; Table 2;Ch 4, Sec 1: [6.2.2];Ch 4, Sec 9: [2.1.1];Ch 4, Sec 10: Table 1; Table 2;Ch 4, Sec 12: [3.1.1];Ch 5, Sec 4: Table 2;

Part C:Ch 1, Sec 3: [1.1.1];Ch 1, Sec 6: [2.2.3]; [2.2.4]; [2.2.5] (NEW); Fig 1(NEW); [2.5.5]; [2.5.6] (NEW); [2.5.7] (NEW);Ch 1, Sec 9: Table 4; [2.2.1]; Table 16; [2.4.2];[11.2.1]; [12.1.1]; Ch 1, Sec 10: [1.5.1]; [2.2.3];Ch 2, Sec 1: previous [4.2.1] (deleted); [6] (NEW);Ch 3, Sec 1: [8.1.1] Ch 3, Sec 2: [2.1.5]

Part D:Ch 4, Sec 1: [6.5] (NEW); [6.6] (NEW); Table 31(NEW); Table 32 (NEW); Table 33 (NEW);

Part E:Ch 1, Sec 3: New Section;

RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLEASURE YACHTS

Part BHull and Stability

Chapters 1 2 3 4 5 6

Chapter 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTSChapter 2 STEEL HULLS

Chapter 3 ALUMINIUM HULLS

Chapter 4 REINFORCED PLASTIC HULLS

Chapter 5 WOOD HULLS

Chapter 6 STABILITY

CHAPTER 1GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 1 General Requirements1 Rule application 31

1.1

2 Equivalents 312.1

3 Direct calculations for monohull and twin hull yachts 313.1 Direct calculations for monohull yachts3.2 Direct calculations for twin hull yachts

4 Definitions and symbols 344.1 General4.2 Symbols4.3 Definitions

5 Subdivision, integrity of hull and superstructure 355.1 Number of watertight bulkheads5.2 Watertight bulkheads5.3 Sea connections and overboard

discharge5.4 Stern and side doors below the weather deck5.5 Hatches on the weather deck5.6 Sidescuttles and windows5.7 Skylights5.8 Outer doors5.9 Drawings5.10 Ventilation5.11 Air pipes5.12 Bulwarks and guardrails or guardline5.13 Freeing ports

Section 2 Hull Outfitting 1 Rudders and steering gear 42

1.1 General1.2 Rudder stock1.3 Coupling between rudder stock and mainpiece1.4 Rudder mainpiece and blade1.5 Rudder bearings, pintles and stuffing boxes1.6 Steering gear and associated apparatus

2 Propeller shaft brackets 462.1 Double arm brackets2.2 Single arm brackets

3 Sailing yacht appendages and component fastenings 463.1 Keel connectionRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 3

4 Stabilizer arrangements 474.1 General4.2 Stabilizer arrangements4.3 Stabilizing tanks

5 Thruster tunnels 485.1 Tunnel wall thickness5.2 Tunnel arrangement details

6 Water-jet drive ducts 486.1

7 Crane support arrangements 487.1

Section 3 Equipment1 General 49

1.1

2 Anchors 492.1

3 Chain cables for anchors 493.1

4 Mooring lines 494.1

5 Windlass 495.1 General5.2 Working test on windlass

6 Equipment Number and equipment 506.1

7 Sailing yachts 507.1

Section 4 Non-Structural Fuel Tanks 1 General 52

1.1

2 Metallic tanks 522.1 General2.2 Scantlings

3 Non-metallic tanks 523.1 General3.2 Scantlings3.3 Tests on tanks4 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

Section 5 Loads1 General 54

1.1

2 Definitions and symbols 542.1 General2.2 Definitions2.3 Symbols

3 Design acceleration 553.1 Vertical acceleration at LCG3.2 Transverse acceleration

4 Overall loads 554.1 General4.2 Longitudinal bending moment and shear force4.3 Design total vertical bending moment4.4 Transverse loads for twin hull yachts

5 Local loads 575.1 General5.2 Load points5.3 Design pressure for the bottom5.4 Design pressure for the side shell5.5 Design heads for decks5.6 Design heads for watertight bulkheads

Appendix 1 Side Doors and Stern Doors1 General 64

1.1 Application1.2 Arrangement1.3 Definitions

2 Design loads 642.1 Side and stern doors

3 Scantlings of side doors and stern doors 643.1 General3.2 Plating and ordinary stiffeners3.3 Primary supporting members

4 Securing and supporting of doors 654.1 General4.2 Scantlings

5 Strength criteria 665.1 Primary supporting members and securing and supporting devices

6 Securing and locking arrangement 666.1 Systems for operation

7 Operating and Maintenance Manual 677.1 GeneralRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 5

CHAPTER 2STEEL HULLS

Section 1 General Requirements1 Field of application 71

1.1

2 Definitions and symbols 712.1 Premise2.2 Definitions and symbols

3 Plans, calculations and other information to be submitted 713.1 3.2

4 Direct calculations 724.1 4.2

5 Buckling strength checks 725.1 Application5.2 Elastic buckling stresses of plates 5.3 Elastic buckling stresses of stiffeners5.4 Critical buckling stress

6 General rules for design 746.1

7 Minimum thicknesses 747.1

8 Plating attached to griders 758.1 Primary supporting members8.2 Ordinary stiffeners8.3 Special cases8.4 Calculation of section modulus

9 Corrosion protection 769.1 9.2 9.3

Section 2 Materials 1 General 77

1.1 Characteristics of materials1.2 Testing of materials1.3 Manufacturing processes

2 Steels for hull structure 772.1 Application6 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

2.2 Information to be kept on board2.3 Material factor k2.4 Grades of steel2.5 Grades of steel for structures exposed to low air temperatures2.6 Grades of steel within refrigerated spaces

3 Steels for forging and casting 823.1 General3.2 Steels for forging3.3 Steels for casting

4 Other materials and products 824.1 General4.2 Iron cast parts

Section 3 Welding and Weld Connections1 General 83

1.1 Application1.2 Base material1.3 Welding consumables and procedures1.4 Personnel and equipment 1.5 Documentation to be submitted1.6 Design

2 Type of connections and preparation 842.1 General2.2 Butt welding2.3 Fillet welding2.4 Partial and full T penetration welding 2.5 Lap-joint welding 2.6 Slot welding2.7 Plug welding

3 Specific weld connections 923.1 Corner joint welding3.2 Bilge keel connection3.3 Connection between propeller post and propeller shaft bossing3.4 Bar stem connections

4 Workmanship 924.1 Forming of plates4.2 Welding procedures and consumables4.3 Welding operations4.4 Crossing of structural elements

5 Modifications and repairs during construction 945.1 General5.2 Gap and weld deformations5.3 Defects5.4 Repairs on structures already welded

6 Inspections and checks 946.1 General 6.2 Visual and non-destructive examinations RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 7

7 End connections of ordinary stiffeners 957.1

8 End connections of primary supporting members 968.1 Bracketed end connections8.2 Bracketless end connections

9 Cut-outs and holes 969.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5

10 Stiffening arrangement 9710.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5

11 Riveted connections 9811.1 11.2

12 Sealed connections 9812.1

Section 4 Longitudinal Strength 1 General 99

1.1 1.2

2 Bending stresses 992.1 2.2 2.3

3 Shear stresses 993.1

4 Calculation of the section modulus 994.1

Section 5 Plating1 Definitions and symbols 100

1.1

2 Keel 1002.1 Sheet steel keel2.2 Solid keel8 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

3 Bottom and bilge 1003.1

4 Sheerstrake 1014.1

5 Side 1015.1 5.2

6 Openings in the shell plating 1016.1 6.2 6.3

7 Local stiffeners 1017.1 7.2 7.3

8 Cross-deck bottom plating 1018.1

Section 6 Single Bottom1 General 102

1.1 Scope1.2 Longitudinal structure 1.3 Transverse structure

2 Definitions and symbols 1022.1

3 Longitudinal type structure 1023.1 Bottom longitudinals3.2 Floors3.3 Girders

4 Transverse type structures 1034.1 Ordinary floors4.2 Centre girder4.3 Side girders

5 Constructional details 1035.1

Section 7 Double Bottom1 General 104

1.1

2 Minimum height 1042.1 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 9

3 Inner bottom plating 1043.1

4 Centre girder 1044.1

5 Side girders 1045.1 5.2

6 Floors 1056.1 6.2

7 Bracket floors 1057.1

8 Bottom and inner bottom longitudinals 1058.1

9 Bilge keel 1059.1 Arrangement, scantlings and connections9.2 Bilge keel connection

Section 8 Side Structures1 General 107

1.1


3 Ordinary stiffeners 1073.1 Transverse frames3.2 Longitudinal stiffeners

4 Reinforced beams 1074.1 Reinforced frames4.2 Reinforced stringers

5 Frame connections 1085.1 General

6 Scantling of brackets of frame connections 1086.1 6.2 Lower brackets of frames

Section 9 Decks1 General 110

1.1 10 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009


3 Deck plating 1103.1 Weather deck3.2 Lower decks

4 Stiffening and support structures for decks 1104.1 Ordinary stiffeners4.2 Reinforced beams4.3 Pillars

Section 10 Bulkheads1 General 112

1.1

2 Symbols 1122.1

3 Plating 1123.1

4 Stiffeners 1124.1 Ordinary stiffeners4.2 Reinforced beams

5 General arrangement 1125.1 5.2

6 Non-tight bulkheads 1136.1 Non-tight bulkheads not acting as pillars6.2 Non-tight bulkheads acting as pillars

Section 11 Superstructures1 General 114

1.1

2 Boundary bulkhead plating 1142.1

3 Stiffeners 1143.1

4 Superstructure decks 1144.1 Plating4.2 StiffenersRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 11

CHAPTER 3ALUMINIUM HULLS

Section 1 General Requirements1 Field of application 117

1.1

2 Definitions and symbols 1172.1 Premise2.2 Definitions and symbols


4 Direct calculations 1184.1

5 General rules for design 1185.1

6 Minimum thicknesses 1196.1

Section 2 Materials, Connections and Structure Design Principles1 Materials and connections 120

1.1 General requirements1.2 Aluminium alloy hull structures1.3 Extruded plating1.4 Tolerances1.5 Influence of welding on mechanical characteristics1.6 Material factor K for scantlings of structural members made of aluminium alloy1.7 Fillet welding1.8 Riveted connections for aluminium alloy hulls1.9 Welded connections1.10 Corrosion protection - Heterogeneous steel/aluminium alloy assembly

2 Structure design principles 1242.1 Protection against corrosion2.2 Rounding-off

Section 3 Design Loads and Hull Scantlings1 Design loads 125

1.1 Application

2 Hull scantlings 1252.1 12 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

2.2 Definitions and symbols2.3 Overall strength2.4 Buckling strength of aluminium alloy structural members

Section 4 Longitudinal Strength1 General 132

1.1 1.2



4 Calculation of the section modulus 1324.1

Section 5 Plating1 Definitions and symbols 133

1.1

2 Keel 1332.1 Sheet steel keel2.2 Solid keel

3 Bottom and bilge 1333.1

4 Sheerstrake 1344.1

5 Side 1345.1 5.2

6 Openings in the shell plating 1346.1 6.2 6.3

7 Local stiffeners 1347.1 7.2 7.3

8 Cross deck bottom plating 1348.1 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 13








1.1

2 Minimum height 1372.1



5 Side girders 1375.1 5.2

6 Floors 1386.1 6.2

7 Bracket floors 1387.1


9 Bilge keel 1389.1 Arrangement, scantlings and connections9.2 Bilge keel connection14 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009


1.1


3 Ordinary stiffeners 1403.1 Transverse frames3.2 Longitudinal stiffeners


5 Frame connections 1415.1 General

6 Scantling of brackets of frame connections 1416.1 6.2 Lower brackets of frames


1.1





1.1

2 Symbols 1452.1

3 Plating 1453.1

4 Stiffeners 1454.1 Ordinary stiffeners4.2 Reinforced beamsRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 15

5 General arrangement 1455.1 5.2

6 Non-tight bulkheads 1466.1 Non-tight bulkheads not acting as pillars6.2 Non-tight bulkheads acting as pillars


1.1


3 Stiffeners 1473.1

4 Superstructure decks 1474.1 Plating4.2 Stiffeners16 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

CHAPTER 4REINFORCED PLASTIC HULLS

Section 1 General Requirements 1 Field of application 151

1.1

2 Definitions and symbols 1512.1 Premise2.2 Symbols2.3 Definitions


4 Direct calculations 1524.1

5 General rules for design 1535.1 General5.2 Minimum thicknesses

6 Construction 1536.1 Principles of building6.2 Engine exhaust6.3 Tanks for liquids

Section 2 Materials1 General 158

1.1

2 Definitions and terminology 1582.1

3 Materials of laminates 1583.1 Resins3.2 Reinforcements3.3 Core materials for sandwich laminates3.4 Adhesive and sealant material3.5 Plywood3.6 Timber3.7 Repair compounds3.8 Type approval of materials

4 Mechanical properties of laminates 1604.1 General4.2 Coefficients relative to the mechanical properties of laminatesRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 17

Section 3 Construction and Quality Control1 Shipyards or workshops 164

1.1 General1.2 Moulding shops1.3 Storage areas for materials1.4 Identification and handling of materials

2 Hull construction processes 1652.1 General2.2 Moulds2.3 Laminating2.4 Hardening and release of laminates2.5 Defects in the laminates2.6 Checks and tests

Section 4 Longitudinal Strength1 General 167

1.1 1.2



Section 5 External Plating1 General 169

1.1


3 Keel 1693.1

4 Rudder horn 1694.1

5 Bottom plating 1695.1

6 Sheerstrake plating and side plating 1706.1 Sheerstrake6.2 Side plating

7 Openings in the shell plating 1707.1 18 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

7.2 7.3

8 Local stiffeners 1708.1 8.2 8.3 8.4

9 Cross-deck bottom plating 1709.1








1.1

2 Minimum height 1732.1



5 Side girders 1745.1 5.2 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 19

6 Floors 1746.1 6.2



1.1


3 Ordinary stiffeners 1753.1 3.2



1.1





1.1

2 Symbols 1792.1

3 Plating 1793.1 20 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

4 Stiffeners 1794.1 Ordinary stiffeners4.2 Reinforced beams

5 Tanks for liquids 1795.1


1.1


3 Stiffeners 1803.1

4 Superstructure decks 1804.1 Plating4.2 Stiffeners

Section 12 Scantlings of Structures with Sandwich Construction1 Premise 181

1.1

2 General 1812.1 Laminating2.2 Vacuum bagging2.3 Constructional details

3 Symbols 1813.1

4 Minimum thickness of the skins 1824.1

5 Bottom 1825.1

6 Side 1826.1

7 Decks 1837.1

8 Watertight bulkheads and boundary bulkheads of the superstructure 1838.1 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 21

Section 13 Structural Adhesives1 General 184

1.1 1.2

2 Design criteria for bonded connection 1842.1 22 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

CHAPTER 5WOOD HULLS

Section 1 Materials1 Suitable timber species 189

1.1

2 Timber quality 1892.1 Planking2.2 Marine plywood and lamellar structures2.3 Certification and checks of timber quality2.4 Mechanical characteristics and structural scantlings

Section 2 Fastenings, Working and Protection of Timber 1 Fastenings 192

1.1 1.2

2 Timber working 1922.1

3 Protection 1923.1

Section 3 Building Methods for Planking1 Shell planking 193

1.1 Simple skin 1.2 Double diagonal skin 1.3 Double longitudinal skin 1.4 Laminated planking in several cold-glued layers 1.5 Plywood planking 1.6 Double skin with inner plywood and outer longitudinal strakes 1.7 Fastenings and caulking 1.8 Sheathing of planking

2 Deck planking 1942.1 Planking 2.2 Plywood 2.3 Plywood sheathed with laid deck 2.4 Longitudinal planking 2.5 CaulkingRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 23

Section 4 Structural Scantlings of Sailing Yachts with or without Auxiliary Engine

1 General 1981.1

2 Keel 1982.1

3 Stempost and sternpost 1983.1

4 Frames 1984.1 Types of frames 4.2 Framing systems and scantlings

5 Floors 1995.1 General5.2 Arrangement of floors5.3 Scantlings and fastenings

6 Beam shelves, beam clamps in way of masts, bilge stringers 2016.1 Beam shelves6.2 Beam clamps in way of masts6.3 Bilge stringers6.4 End breasthooks

7 Beams 2027.1 Scantlings of beams7.2 End attachments of beams7.3 Local strengthening7.4 Lower deck and associated beams

8 Planking 2038.1 Shell planking 8.2 Deck planking8.3 Superstructures - Skylights8.4 Masts and rigging

Section 5 Structural Scantlings of Motor Yachts1 General 210

1.1

2 Keel - stempost 2102.1

3 Transom 2103.1

4 Floors and frames 2104.1 General 4.2 Bottom and side frames 4.3 Floors 4.4 Frame and beam brackets 24 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

5 Side girders and longitudinals 2125.1

6 Beams 2136.1

7 Beam shelves and chine stringers 2137.1

8 Shell planking 2148.1 Thickness of shell planking

9 Deck planking 2149.1 Weather deck 9.2 Superstructure decks 9.3 Lower deck

Section 6 Watertight Bulkheads, Lining, Machinery Space1 Wooden bulkheads 221

1.1

2 Steel bulkheads 2212.1

3 Internal lining of hull and drainage 2213.1

4 Machinery space structures 2214.1 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 25

CHAPTER 6STABILITY

Section 1 Stability1 General 225

1.1

2 Intact Stability Standards 2252.1 Motor vessels2.2 Sailing vessels2.3 Element of Stability2.4 Stability Documents

Appendix 1 Inclining Test and Lightweight Check1 General 229

1.1 Aim of the Appendix

2 Inclining weights 2292.1

3 Pendulums 2303.1

4 Means of communication 2304.1

5 Documentation 2305.1

6 Calculation of the displacement 2306.1

7 Inclining procedure 2317.1

8 Lightweight check 2318.1

Appendix 2 Stability Information Booklet1 Information to be included 232

1.1 General1.2 List of information

2 Loading conditions 2322.1 26 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

3 Stability curve calculation 2323.1 General3.2 Superstructures and deckhouses which may be taken into account3.3 Angle of flooding

4 Effects of free surfaces of liquids in tanks 2334.1 General4.2 Consideration of free surface effects4.3 Categories of tanks4.4 Consumable liquids4.5 Water ballast tanks4.6 GMo and GZ curve corrections4.7 Free surface moment4.8 Small tanks4.9 Remainder of liquidRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 27

Part BHull

Chapter 1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 2 HULL OUTFITTINGS

SECTION 3 EQUIPMENT

SECTION 4 NON-STRUCTURAL FUEL TANKS

SECTION 5 LOADS

APPENDIX 1 SIDE DOORS AND STERN DOORSRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 29

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1SECTION 1 GENERAL

1 Rule application

1.1

1.1.1 Part B of the Rules consists of five chapters andapplies to hulls of length (LH) defined in [4.2], not less than16 m and up to the length as defined in the relevant sec-tions according to the hull material and hull type intendedfor unrestricted service, which are to be classed by RINA.

Chapter 1 applies in general to all yachts, irrespective of thematerial used for the construction of the hull.

Chapter 2 contains requirements relevant to the scantlingsof hull structures of steel yachts.

Chapter 3 contains requirements relevant to the scantlingsof hull structures of aluminium alloy yachts.

Chapter 4 contains requirements relevant to the scantlingsof hull structures of yachts constructed of composite materi-als.

Chapter 5 contains requirements relevant to the scantlingsof hull structures of wooden yachts.

Yachts of unusual form, speed or proportions or of typesother than those considered in Part B will be given specialconsideration by RINA, also on the basis of equivalence cri-terion.

Yachts built using a combination of the foregoing materialsare subject to the applicable requirements of the relevantchapters. Connections between different materials will bethe subject of special consideration by RINA.

2 Equivalents

2.1

2.1.1 In examining constructional plans, RINA may takeinto account material distribution and scantlings which aredifferent from those obtained by applying these require-ments, provided that longitudinal, transversal and localstrength are equivalent to those of the relevant Rule struc-ture and that such scantlings are found satisfactory by RINAalso on the basis of direct calculations of the structuralstrength.

In particular, the structures of yachts similar in performanceto high speed craft (HSC) may have scantlings in accord-ance with RINA's "Rules for the Classification of HighSpeed Craft".

In such case, the Master is to be provided with a yacht oper-ating manual indicating the appropriate speed for each seastate.

The use of RINA's "Rules for the Classification of HighSpeed Craft" for the scantlings of the structures of the afore-mentioned yachts is to be agreed between the yard and

RINA before the submission of the drawings for approvaland the commencement of the hull.

Special structures not provided for in these Rules, such asdecks intended for the carriage of vehicles, side and sterndoors and helicopter decks, are to have scantlings inaccordance with the "Rules for the Classification of Ships".

3 Direct calculations for monohull and twin hull yachts

3.1 Direct calculations for monohull yachts

3.1.1 General Direct calculations are generally required to be carried out,at the discretion of RINA, to check the primary structures ofyachts which have unusual shapes and/or characteristics.

In addition, direct calculations are to be performed to checkthe scantlings of primary structures of yachts whenever, inthe opinion of RINA, hull shapes and structural dimensionsare such that the scantling formulae used in these Rules areno longer deemed to be effective.

By way of example, this may be the case in the followingsituations:

elements of the primary transverse ring (beam, web andfloor) have very different cross-sectional inertia, so thatthe boundary conditions for each are not well defined;

marked V-shapes, so that floor and web tend to degen-erate into a single element;

complex, non-conventional geometry;

presence of significant racking effects (yachts with manytiers of superstructure);

structures contributing to longitudinal strength withlarge openings.

3.1.2 Loads In general, the following load conditions specified in a) tod) are to be considered.

The condition in d) is to be checked in yachts for which, inthe opinion of RINA, significant racking effects are antici-pated (yachts with many tiers of superstructure).

Depending on the loading configurations and on the struc-ture design, some load conditions as defined from points a)to d) may be less significant than others and, at the discre-tion of RINA, they may be ignored. For the same reasons itmay be necessary to consider further load conditions speci-fied by RINA in individual cases.

The vertical and transverse accelerations and the impactpressure p2 are to be calculated as stipulated in Sec 5.

For each primary supporting member, the coefficient Fa,which appears in the formula for impact pressure, is to beRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 31

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1calculated as a function of the area supported by the mem-ber.

In three dimensional analyses, special attention is to bepaid to the distribution of weights and buoyancy and to thedynamic equilibrium of the yacht.

In the case of three dimensional analyses, the longitudinaldistribution of impact pressure is considered individually ineach case by RINA. In general, impact pressure is to beconsidered as acting separately on each transverse sectionof the model, the remaining sections being subject to hydro-static pressure.

a) Load condition in still waterThe following loads are to be considered: forces caused by weights present, distributed

according to the weight booklet of the yacht; outer hydrostatic load in still water.

b) Combined load condition 1The following loads are to be considered: forces caused by weights present, distributed

according to the weight booklet of the yacht; forces of inertia due to the vertical acceleration av of

the yacht, considered in a downward direction.

c) Combined load condition 2The impact pressure acting on the bottom of the yacht isto be considered.

d) Combined load condition 3The following loads are to be considered: forces caused by weights present, distributed

according to the weight booklet of the yacht; forces of inertia due to the transverse acceleration av

of the yacht.

3.1.3 Structural model The primary structures of yachts of this type may usually bemodelled with beam elements, according to criteria stipu-lated by RINA. When, however, grounds for the admissibil-ity of such model are lacking, or when the geometry of thestructures gives reason to suspect the presence of high stressconcentrations, finite element analyses are necessary.

In general, the extent of the model is to be such as to allowanalysis of the behaviour of the main structural elementsand their mutual effects.

On yachts dealt with by these Rules, the stiffness of longitu-dinal primary members (girders and stringers) is, at leastoutside the machinery space, generally negligible com-pared with the stiffness of transverse structures (beams,floors and webs), or their presence may be taken intoaccount by suitable boundary conditions. It is thereforeacceptable, in general, to examine primary members in thisarea of the hull by means of plane analyses of transverserings.

In cases where such approximation is not acceptable, themodel adopted is to be three-dimensional and is to includethe longitudinal primary members.

In cases where loads act in the transverse direction (loadcondition 3), special attention is to be devoted to the mod-elling of continuous decks and platforms. If they are of suf-ficient stiffness in the horizontal plane and are sufficiently

restrained by fore- and after-bodies, such continuous ele-ments may withstand transverse deformations of primaryrings.

In such cases, notwithstanding the provisions above, it isstill permissible to examine bidimensional rings, by simulat-ing the presence of decks and platforms with horizontalsprings according to criteria specified by RINA.

3.1.4 Boundary conditions Depending on the load conditions considered, the follow-ing boundary conditions are to be assigned:

a) Load condition in still water and combined load condi-tions 1 and 2

horizontal and transverse restraints, in way of thecrossing point of bottom and side shells, if the anglebetween the two shells is generally less than 135,

horizontal and transverse restraints, in way of thekeel, if the bottom/side angle is greater than approx-imately 135.

b) Combined load condition 3

The vertical and horizontal resultants of the loads, ingeneral other than zero, are to be balanced by introduc-ing two vertical forces and two horizontal forces at thefore and aft ends of the model, distributed on the shellsaccording to the bidimensional flow theory for shearstresses, which are equal and opposite to half the verti-cal and horizontal resultants of the loads.Where a plane model is adopted, the resultants are tobe balanced by vertical and horizontal forces, distrib-uted as specified above and acting on the plane of themodel itself.

3.1.5 Checking criteria a) For metal structures, the stresses given by the above cal-

culations are to be not greater than the following allow-able values, in N/mm2:

bending stress:

shear stress:

Von Mises equivalent bending stress:

where:

K : material factor defined in Chap. 2 for steeland Chap. 3 for aluminium alloy.

fm : coefficient depending on the material, equalto:

- 1,0, for steel structures

- 2,15, for aluminium alloy structures

fs : safety coefficient, equal to:

- 1,00, for combined load conditions

- 1,25, for load condition in still water.

The compressive values of normal stresses and shearstresses are not to exceed the values of the critical

am 170K f'm fs ----------------------=

am 90K f'm fs ----------------------=

eq am,200

K f'm fs ----------------------=32 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1stresses for plates and stiffeners calculated in Chap. 2and Chap. 3.In structural elements also subject to high longitudinalhull girder stresses, the allowable and critical stressesare to be reduced, in accordance with criteria specifiedby RINA.

b) For structures made of composite materials, the allowa-ble stresses are defined in Chap.4.

3.2 Direct calculations for twin hull yachts

3.2.1 General Direct calculations are generally required to be carried out,at the discretion of RINA, to check the primary structuresand connecting structures of the two hulls which have unu-sual characteristics.

In addition, direct calculations are to be carried out tocheck the structures connecting the two hulls for yachts inwhich the structural arrangements do not allow a realisticassessment of their stress level, based on simple models andon the formulae set out in these Rules.

3.2.2 Loads In general, the following load conditions specified in a) tod) are to be considered.

The condition in a) applies to a still water static conditioncheck.

The conditions in b) and c) apply to the check of the struc-tures connecting the two hulls. The condition in c) onlyrequires checking for yachts of L > 65 m and speed V > 45knots.

The condition in d) is to be checked in yachts for which, inthe opinion of RINA, significant racking effects are expected(yachts with many tiers of superstructure).

In relation to special structure or loading configurations,should some load conditions turn out to be less significantthan others, the former may be ignored at the discretion ofRINA. By the same token, it may be necessary to considerfurther load conditions specified by RINA in individualcases.

The vertical and transverse accelerations and the impactpressure p2 are to be calculated as stipulated in Sec. 5.

For each primary supporting member, the coefficient Fa,which appears in the formula for impact pressure, is to becalculated as a function of the area supported by the mem-ber.

In three-dimensional analyses, special attention is to bepaid to the distribution of weights and buoyancy and to thedynamic equilibrium of the yacht.

In the case of three-dimensional analyses, the longitudinaldistribution of impact pressure is considered individually ineach case by RINA. In general, impact pressure is to beconsidered as acting separately on each transverse sectionof the model, the remaining sections being subject to hydro-static pressure.

a) Load condition in still waterThe following loads are to be considered: forces caused by weights present, distributed

according to the weight booklet of the yacht;

outer hydrostatic load in still water.


The following are to be considered:

forces caused by weights present, distributedaccording to the weight booklet of the yacht;

forces of inertia due to the vertical acceleration av ofthe yacht, considered in a downward direction.

c) Combined load condition 2

The following loads are to be considered:


forces of inertia due to the vertical acceleration av ofthe yacht, considered in a downward direction;

the impact pressure acting hemisymmetrically onone of the halves of the hull bottom.

d) Combined load condition 3

The following loads are to be considered:


forces of inertia due to the transverse acceleration ofthe yacht.

3.2.3 Structural model In general, the primary structures of yachts of this type areto be modelled with finite element schematisations adopt-ing a medium size mesh.

At the discretion of RINA, detailed analyses with fine meshare required for areas where stresses, calculated withmedium-mesh schematisations, exceed the allowable limitsand the type of structure gives reason to suspect the pres-ence of high stress concentrations.

In general, the extent of the model is to be such as to allowanalysis of the behaviour of the main structural elementsand their mutual effects.

On yachts dealt with by these Rules, the stiffness of longitu-dinal primary members (girders and stringers) is, at leastoutside the machinery space, generally negligible com-pared with the stiffness of transverse structures (beams,floors and webs), or their presence may be taken intoaccount by suitable boundary conditions. It is thereforeacceptable, in general, to examine primary members in thisarea of the hull by means of plane analyses of transverserings.

In cases where such approximation is not acceptable, themodel adopted is to be three-dimensional and is to includethe longitudinal primary members.

In cases where loads act in the transverse direction (loadconditions 2 and 3), special attention is to be devoted to themodelling of continuous decks and platforms. If they are ofsufficient stiffness in the horizontal plane and are suffi-ciently restrained by fore- and after-bodies, such continuouselements may withstand transverse deformations of primaryrings.

In such cases, notwithstanding the provisions above, it isstill permissible to examine bidimensional rings, by simulat-ing the presence of decks and platforms with horizontalsprings according to criteria specified by RINA.RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 33

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 13.2.4 Boundary conditions Depending on the load conditions considered, the follow-ing boundary conditions are to be assigned:

a) Load condition in still water

The vertical resultant of the loads, in general other thanzero, is to be balanced by introducing two verticalforces at the fore and aft ends of the model, both distrib-uted on the shells according to the bidimensional flowtheory for shear stresses, which are equal and oppositeto half the vertical resultant of the loads.Where a plane model is adopted, the vertical resultant isto be balanced by a single force, distributed as specifiedabove and acting on the plane of the model itself.


A vertical restraint is to be imposed in way of the keel ofeach hull.

c) Combined load condition 2 and 3

The vertical and horizontal resultants of the loads, ingeneral other than zero, are to be balanced by introduc-ing two vertical forces and two horizontal forces at thefore and aft ends of the model, distributed on the shellsaccording to the bidimensional flow theory for shearstresses, which are equal and opposite to half the verti-cal and horizontal resultants of the loads.Where a plane model is adopted, the resultants are tobe balanced by vertical and horizontal forces, distrib-uted as specified above and acting on the plane of themodel itself.

3.2.5 Checking criteria a) a) For metal structures, the stresses given by the above

calculations are to be not greater than the followingallowable values, in N/mm2: bending stress:

shear stress:

Von Mises equivalent bending stress:

where:

K : material factor defined in Chap. 2 forsteel and Chap. 3 for aluminium alloy

fm : coefficient depending on the material,equal to:

1,0, for steel structures

2,15, for aluminium alloy structures

fs : safety coefficient, equal to: 1,00, for combined load conditions

1,25, for load condition in still water.

The compressive values of normal stresses and shearstresses are not to exceed the values of the criticalstresses for plates and stiffeners calculated in Chap.2 and Chap. 3.In structural elements also subject to high longitudi-

nal hull girder stresses, the allowable and criticalstresses are to be reduced, in accordance with crite-ria specified by RINA.

b) For structures made of composite materials, the allowa-ble stresses are defined in Chap. 4.

4 Definitions and symbols

4.1 General

4.1.1 The definitions of symbols having general validityare not normally repeated in the various Chapters, whereasthe meanings of those symbols which have specific validityare specified in the relevant Chapters.

4.2 Symbols4.2.1 LH : Hull Length, measured according to ISO 8665,

is the distance, in m, measured parallel to thestatic load waterline, from the foreside of thestem to the after side of the stern or transom,excluding projections removable parts that canbe detached in a non destructive manner andwithout affecting the structural integrity of thecraft, e.g. pulpits at either ends of the craft, plat-forms, rubbing strakes and fenders.

L : Scantling length, in m, on the full load water-line, assumed to be equal to the length on thefull load waterline with the yacht at rest;

LPP : Length between perpendiculars, is the distance,in m, measured on the full load waterline fromFP to AP.

LLL : Load Line length means 96% of the total lengthon a waterline of a ship at 85% of the leastmoulded depth measured from the top of thekeel, or the length from the fore-side of the stemto the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline,if that be greater. In ship designed with a rake ofkeel the waterline on which this is measured isto be parallel to the designed waterline.

FP : Foreword perpendicular, is the perpendicular atthe intersection of the full load waterline withthe fore side of the stem.

AP : After perpendicular, is the perpendicular at theintersection of the full load waterline with theafter side of the rudder post or to the centre ofthe rudder stock for yachts without a rudderpost.In yachts with unusual stern arrangements orwithout rudder the position of AP and the rele-vant LPP will be specially considered

B : Maximum outside breadth, in metres.D : Depth, in metres, measured vertically on the

transverse section at the middle of length L,from moulded base line to the top of the deckbeam at side on the weather deck.

D1 : Depth, in metres, measured vertically on thetransverse section at the middle of length L,from the lower side of the bar keel, if any, or of

am 170K f'm fs ----------------------=

am 90K f'm fs ----------------------=

eq am,200

K f'm fs ----------------------=34 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1the fixed ballast keel, if any, or of the drop keel,to the top of the deck beam at side on theweather deck.

T : Draft, in metres, measured at the middle oflength L, in metres, between the full load water-line and the lower side of the keel. In the caseof hulls with a drop or ballast keel, the lowerside of the keel is intended to mean the inter-section of the longitudinal plane of symmetrywith the continuation of the external surface ofthe hull.

T1 : Draft T, in metres, measured to the lower side -theoretically extended, if necessary, to the mid-dle of length L - of the fixed ballast keel, wherefitted, or the drop keel.

: Displacement, in t, of the yacht at draught T.V : Maximum design speed, in knots, of the yacht at

displacement .s : Spacing of ordinary stiffeners, in metres.S : Web frame spacing, in metres.

4.3 Definitions

4.3.1 Rule frame spacing The Rule frame spacing, sR, in m, of ordinary stiffeners isobtained as follows:

In general, spacing of transversal or longitudinal stiffeners isnot to exceed 1,2 times the Rule frame spacing.

4.3.2 SuperstructureThe superstructure is a decked structure located above theweather deck, extending from side to side of the hull orwith the side plating not inboard of the shell plating morethan 4% of the local breadth.

Superstructures may be complete, where deck and sidesextend for the whole length of the yacht, or partial, wheresides extend for a length smaller than that of the yacht, evenwhere the deck extends for the whole length of the yacht.

Superstructures may be of different tiers in relation to theirposition in respect of the weather deck.

A 1st tier superstructure is one fitted on the weather deck, a2nd tier superstructure is one fitted on the 1st tier superstruc-ture, and so on.

4.3.3 Freeboard deckFreeboard deck has the meaning given in Annex I of ICCL.The freeboard deck is normally the uppermost completedeck exposed to the weather and sea, which has permanentmeans of closing all openings in the weather part thereof,and below which all openings in the sides of the ship are fit-ted with permanent means of watertight closing. In a shiphaving a discontinuous freeboard deck, the lowest line ofthe exposed deck and the continuation of that line parallelto the upper part of the deck is taken as the freeboard deck.

4.3.4 Weather deck The weather deck is the uppermost complete weathertightdeck fitted as an integral part of the yacht 's structure andwhich is exposed to the sea and the weather.

4.3.5 DeckhouseThe deckhouse is a decked structure fitted on the weatherdeck, a superstructure deck or another deckhouse, havinglimited length and a spacing between the external longitu-dinal bulkheads less than 92% of the local breadth of theyacht.

4.3.6 WeathertightA closing appliance is considered weathertight if it isdesigned to prevent the passage of water into the yacht inany sea condition.

4.3.7 WatertightA closing appliance is considered watertight if it is designedto prevent the passage of water in either direction under ahead of water for which the surrounding structure isdesigned.

5 Subdivision, integrity of hull and superstructure

5.1 Number of watertight bulkheads

5.1.1 All yachts are to have at least the following trans-verse watertight bulkheads:

One collision bulkhead

Two bulkheads forming the boundaries of the machin-ery spaces; as an alternative, the transom may beaccepted as an aft transverse bulkhead.

5.1.2 Openings in watertight bulkheads and decks (1/1/2009)

The number of openings in watertight subdivisions is to belimited to the minimum compatible with the proper work-ing of the yacht. Pipes and electrical cable may be carriedthrough watertight subdivisions provided that both watertightness and structural integrity of the bulkhead areensured by devices suitable in the opinion of RINA. Detailsrelevant to these devices and their installation on board areto be sent to RINA for approval.

In any case, when the pipe passing through the bulkhead isnon-metallic, the above device is, as a minimum, to be apipe of the same material as the bulkhead, fitted in a way torestore the structural integrity of the bullhead, having alength of 10 D, where D is the external diameter of the pipe;the length of the above pipe is not required to be more than400 mm.

Details of connection between the above device and non-metallic pipes will be the subject of special considerationby RINA.

Doors in watertight bulkheads are to be approved watertightdoors.

As a general rule, no access openings are to be fitted in thecollision bulkhead. Special consideration will be given incase of yachts with particular design only if the access ispositioned as far above the design waterline as possible andits closing appliances are watertight.

An emergency escape of maximum size 500x500 mm maybe accepted.

sR 0 350 0 005L,+,=RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 35

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 15.2 Watertight bulkheads

5.2.1 A collision bulkhead is to be fitted which is to bewatertight up to the freeboard deck. This bulkhead is to belocated at a distance from the forward perpendicular FP ofnot less than 5 per cent of the length L of the yacht, and notmore than 10 per cent of L. In any case it is not necessarythat the collision bulkhead is positioned at a distance morethan 2 m from the forward perpendicular.

5.2.2 Where any part of the ship below the waterlineextends forward of the forward perpendicular, e.g. a bul-bous bow, the distances, in metres, stipulated in 5.2.1 are tobe measured from a point either:

at the mid-length of such extension, or at a distance 1,5 per cent of the length L of the yacht for-

ward of the forward perpendicular, or

at a distance 3 metres forward of the forward perpen-dicular; whichever gives the smallest measurement.

5.2.3 The bulkhead may have steps or recesses providedthey are within the limits in 5.2.1 or 5.2.2.

Where long forward superstructures are fitted, the collisionbulkhead is to be extended weathertight to the first tiersuperstructure deck.

5.2.4 (1/1/2009)Furthermore, a stepped collision bulkhead can be acceptedproviding that: the lowest limit of the bulkhead is positioned at least

500 mm from the stem post; such distance is to bemeasured perpendicularly to the stem post;

the space of the recess below the horizontal part of thebulkhead is filled with closed cell high density foam.

In this case, RINA may accept part of the collision bulkheadfitted forward of the FP by not more than 300 mm.

5.2.5 RINA may, on a case-by-case basis, accept a dis-tance from the collision bulkhead to the forward perpendic-ular greater than the maximum specified in 5.2.1 and5.2.2, provided that, in the event of flooding of the spaceforward of the collision bulkhead, the waterline is notbelow the freeboard deck and taking into account the lossof stability due to the free surface, compliance with the sta-bility criteria of Sec 6 will be guaranteed.

5.3 Sea connections and overboard discharge

5.3.1 Overboard discharges are to be kept to a minimumand located, as far as practicable, above the full load water-line.

In any case a metallic non-return valve is to be fitted on theside of the hull under the conditions of Pt C, Ch 1, App 1,Tab 1, Note 1.

The sea connection for the engine cooling system is to beprovided both with a grill fitted directly on the shell using alocal stiffener and with a filter after the closing valve.

The filter is to be made of metal highly resistant to corro-sion, and is to be of substantial dimensions and easy toopen.

5.3.2 All pipes leading to the sea and located under thefull load waterline are to be of adequate thickness in gen-eral metallic, sea corrosion-resistant and electrochemicallycompatible with any different materials they may be con-nected to. Joints for elbows, valves etc are to be made ofmaterial of the same composition as the pipes or, where thisis not practicable, of material which is electrochemicallycompatible.

5.3.3 Pipes for the discharge of exhaust from the enginesleading to the shell without a valve are to be made as fol-lows:

from below the maximum waterline up to 300 mmabove the maximum water-line or to a waterline corre-sponding to a heeling angle of 7, whichever is thegreater, the piping is to be made of corrosion resistantmaterial, galvanically compatible and resistant toexhaust products. The wall thickness pipe is to be notless than 5 mm if made of steel. If a composite materialpipe is fitted the material is to have strength equivalentto that of side laminate or bottom laminate according tothe location of the sea connection. The material is to besuitable to withstand the temperatures reached by theexhaust and in addition reference is to be made to therequirements of Pt B, Ch 4, Sec 1, [6.2];

300 mm or more above the maximum waterline, flexi-ble hoses compyling with the requirements of ISOSTANDARD 13363 may be accepted;

such hoses are to be secured by means of at least twostainless steel hose clamps at each end. The clamps areto be at least 12 mm wide and are not to be dependenton spring tension to remain fastened. The joint locationis to be readily accessible and visible at all times. Jointsfitted lower than 300 mm above the maximum water-line may be accepted provided that they remain abovethe maximum waterline and additional bilge suctionsand an alarm are fitted in the area where the joints arelocated, or a watertight compartment is provided in thearea where the joint is fitted. Where a metallic valve isfitted on the side in way of the sea connection, theexhaust pipe material is to be resistant to the exhausttemperature and non-metallic material may be acceptedfor the entire length. The non-metallic materials are tomeet the requirements in Pt C, Ch 1, App 1, Tab 1.

5.4 Stern and side doors below the weather deck

5.4.1 Side/shell doors leading to a non-watertight space

Stern and side doors fitted on yachts not more than 24 mare to meet the requirements of ISO STANDARD 12216 asfor appliances to be fitted on area I.

5.4.2 Side/shell doors leading to internal compartment (1/1/2009)

Stern and side doors fitted on yachts more than 24 m are tobe in compliance with the following requirements:

a) All stern and side openings are to be provided with ade-quate means of closure.36 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1The means of closure is to be watertight or weathertightdepending on the distance of the lower edge of the clo-sure from the maximum waterline.

If such distance is equal to or more than 500 mm, aweathertight means of closure may be accepted.

If the above distance is less than 500 mm a watertightmeans of closure is to be provided.

When the distance from the maximum waterline to thelower edge of the means of closure is less than 500 mm,but no essential equipment is installed in the compart-ment, and all the doors leading to internal compart-ments where essential equipment is installed are to beprovided with watertight means of closure, a weather-tight means of closure may be fitted.

When a watertight means of closure is requested, therequirements of Appendix I are to be complied with.

b) Electrical equipment installed in the space where theaccess is provided by means of the side or stern doors isto have a degree of protection of at least IP 54.

The degree of protection of such equipment may beconsidered according to the height of installation fromthe platform and according to the means of protectionin order to avoid water spray directly reaching the elec-trical equipment.

c) In any case at the completion of the installation allwatertight and weatertight doors are to be checked by a"hose test".

The hose test is to be carried out at a minimum pressurein the hose of not less than 2,0 105 Pa, and the nozzle isto be applied at a maximum distance of 1,5 m.

The nozzle diameter is to be not less than 12 mm.

d) Stern and side doors are to be fitted with proper gaskets,and adequate securing devices.

e) The lower part of each of these openings is, in general,to be above the deepest sea going condition.

f) Doors are preferably to open outwards.

5.4.3 DrawingsA drawing representing the structure of the side/shell doors,their locking devices and their height above the waterline isto be sent in triplicate to RINA for approval, with enclosed ageneral arrangement showing the intended use of the com-partment which the doors give access to and the machineryand/or sports craft fitted therein.

5.4.4 Other fittingsRecesses for wells, gangways, winches, platforms, etc are tobe watertight and of strength equivalent to that of the adja-cent structures. Any penetrations for electrical wiring andpiping are to ensure watertight integrity. Discharges are tobe provided to prevent the accumulation of water in thenormal foreseeable situations of transverse list and trim.

5.5 Hatches on the weather deck

5.5.1 Hatches on the weather deck and deck above are tohave a strength equivalent to that of the adjacent structures

to which they are fitted and are to be in general weather-tight. In general, hatches are to be hinged on the forwardside. Coamings above the weather deck and deck above areto be not less than the following value:

Deck position 1 Deck position 2

Hatch coamings 100 mm 75 mm

Where:

Deck position 1: any position on the exposed weather deckor superstructure deck above forward of 0,25 LLL.

LLL is defined in item [4.2.1].

Deck position 2: any position on the exposed superstructuredeck or weather deck aft of 0,25 LLL.

Greater coamings may be required where closing appli-ances are not permanently attached.

5.5.2 Where the hatches may be required to be used as ameans of escape, the securing arrangements are to be oper-able from both sides.

5.5.3 Flush hatches on the weather deck are generally notto be fitted. Where they are provided they are to:

be closed at sea;

be fitted in a protected location;

have at least two drains in the aft part leading over-board;

be fitted with gaskets;

have at least 4 clips of size 600 x 600 mm;

have non-oval hinges which can be considered as clips.

For dimensions bigger than 600 x 600 mm, the acceptanceis at the discretion of RINA. Drawings representing thehatches, their position on deck, their coamings and theirsystem of closure are to be sent for approval.

5.6 Sidescuttles and windows

5.6.1 GeneralFor yachts not more than 24 m the requirements of ISOSTANDARD 12216 are to be applied.

For yachts more than 24 m the following requirementsapply to sidescuttles and rectangular windows providinglight and air, located in positions which are exposed to theaction of the sea or inclement weather below and above theweather deck.

Sidescuttles and rectangular windows may be of non-opening, opening or non-readily openable type.

5.6.2 Zones for the determination of scantlingFor the purpose of determining the scantlings of sidescuttlesand rectangular windows, the yacht may be subdivided intozones which are defined as follows:

Zone A: Zone between the full load waterline and a line drawnparallel to the sheer profile and having its lowest pointRINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 37

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1not less than 500 mm or 2,5% B, whichever is greater,above the full load waterline;

Zone B: Zone above Zone A bounded at the top by the deckfrom which the freeboard is calculated;

Zone C: Zone corresponding to the 1st tier of superstructures andabove.

5.6.3 Scantling and arrangements of sidescuttles and rectangular windows (1/1/2009)

Sidescuttles and rectangular windows may be classified asfollows, depending on their constructional characteristics:

(medium series) non-opening or non-readily openabletype, with deadlight: Type B;

(light series) non-opening or opening type, withoutdeadlight: Type C.

The following requirements apply:

in Zone A neither side-scuttles nor rectangular windowsare permitted;

in Zone B in general only type B sidescuttles and rectan-gular windows are permitted; for yachts having grosstonnage not greater than 250, in Zone B an openableportlight type with deadlight may be fitted, providedthat in the compartments a bilge level alarm is fittedconnected to the automatic bilge pump. Alternatively,an automatic alarm for open position may be accepted.For yachts having gross tonnage greater than 250, open-able portlights with deadlight may be accepted if anautomatic alarm for open position is provided. In addi-tion, a bilge level alarm connected to the automaticbilge pumps is to be provided;

in Zone C, even where protecting openings giving directaccess to spaces below deck, type C sidescuttles andrectangular windows are permitted.

For the thickness of toughened glass panes of sidescuttlesand rectangular windows, having surfaces not exceeding0,16m2, and fitted below the weather deck, see Table 1.

Table 1

For oval sidescuttles, reference is to be made to the equiva-lent surface area.

Different thickness may also be accepted on the basis of ahydraulic pressure test, performed on a mock-up represent-

ative of the arrangement, the result of which confirms thatthe proposed thickness is able to ensure watertight integrityat a pressure not less than 4 times the design pressure of thehull in that zone.

Sidescuttles and rectangular windows with surfaces exceed-ing 0,16 m2 may be accepted in Zone B. Their acceptancewill be considered by RINA case by case in relation to theirnumber, type and location. The relevant drawings withdimensions of clear opening, thickness of glass and positionin respect of the deepest waterline are to be sent forapproval.

The thickness of the glass for such sidescuttles/rectangularwindows fitted below the weather deck is given by the fol-lowing formula:

where:

p : design pressure in kN/m2 computed at thelower edge of the windows but not less than 20kN/m2;

b : shorter side of the window in mm

: 0,54 A - 0,078 A2 - 0,17 : 0,75 for A > 3a : long side of the window

A : ratio a/b.

Different thickness may also be accepted on the basis of ahydraulic pressure test, performed on a mock-up represent-ative of the arrangement, the result of which confirms thatthe proposed thickness is able to ensure watertight integrityat a pressure not less than 4 times the design pressure of thehull in that zone.

In any case, the thickness cannot be assumed less than 15mm.

Where sidescuttles and rectangular windows with surfaceexceeding 0,16 m2 are fitted in zone B, the constructiondetails are to be submitted to RINA; in addition, tests onmock-ups representative of the arrangement as well asdirect calculations for the zone of the side concerned mayalso be required in order to demonstrate the local structuraladequacy.

Deadlights of the fixed type are to be arranged where mon-olithic toughened glass panes are fitted.

Deadlights of the non-fixed type may be arranged whenlaminated glass panes are fitted; however, they may beomitted, at the discretion of RINA where the glass pane is ofthe laminated (shatterproof) type with a polycarbonate coreof thickness greater than 3mm.

All windows and portlights are to be hose tested after instal-lation according to RINA Rules.

5.6.4 Windows above weather deck (1/1/2009)The required thicknesses of toughened glass panes in stand-ard rectangular windows are given in Tab 2 as a function ofthe standard sizes of clear light

Clear light diameter (mm)

Thickness of toughned glass (mm)

Type B sydescuttles

(medium series)

Type C sydescuttles (light

series)

200250300350400450

8810121215

666888

t 0 015b p,=38 RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 1Table 2

The thickness of toughened glass panes in rectangular win-dows of other sizes is given by the following formula:

where:p : design pressure in kN/m2 to be assumed 15

kN/m2 for frontal windows and 10 kN/m2 forlateral windows

b : shorter side of the window in mm

: 0,54 A - 0,078 A2 - 0,17 : 0,75 for A > 3a : long side of the window

A : ratio a/b.Different thickness may also be accepted on the basis of ahydraulic pressure test, performed on a mock-up represent-ative of the arrangement, the result of which confirms thatthe proposed thickness is able to ensure watertight integrityat a pressure not less than 4 times the design pressure.

A mock-up can be deemed representative of a set of glasspanes of the same type if they have the same thickness andthe dimensions "a" and "b" of each glass pane differ fromthose of the mock-up by not more than +/- 10%.

The thickness of toughened glass panes of windows of othershapes will be the subject of special consideration by RINAin relation to their shape.

RINA reserves the right to impose limitations on the size ofrectangular windows and require the use of glass panes ofincreased thickness in way of front bulkheads which areparticularly exposed to heavy seas.

5.6.5 Materials other than toughened glassMaterials other than toughened glass may be used for side-scuttles and windows above and below the weather deck.

The thickness of the sheets may be obtained by multiplyingthe Rule thickness for toughened glass by 1,3 in the case ofpolycarbonate sheets and 1,5 in the case of acrylic sheets.

The thickness of laminated glass is to be such that:

where:

te : equivalent thickness of the single sheet glasspane

ti : thickness of the single sheet in the laminate

n : number of sheets in the laminate.

5.7 Skylights

5.7.1 For yachts not more than 24 m, the requirements ofISO STANDARD 12216 are to be applied. For yachts morethan 24 m, skylights fitted on the weather deck may be con-sidered as fitted in zone B and therefore their thickness is tobe in accordance with item [5.6.4] or item [5.6.5]. Thedesign pressure to be assumed is 15 kN/m2 if fitted in deckposition 1 and 10 kN/m2 if fitted in deck position 2.

The locking devices are to be the same required for flushhatches (see item [5.5.3]).

5.8 Outer doors

5.8.1 Doors in the superstructure's sideDoors of exposed bulkheads of superstructures are to be ofadequate dimensions and construction such as to guaranteetheir weathertight integrity.

The use of FRP for doors on the weather deck other thanmachinery spaces may be accepted, providing the doors aresufficiently strong.

Where the doors may be required to be used as a means ofescape, the securing arrangements are to be operable fromboth sides.

The height of the sills of doors above the exposed deck thatgive access to compartments below the deck is to be notless than the following value:

Deck position 1 Deck position 2

Outer doors 100 mm 75 mm

Companionways 100 mm 75 mm

Doors on the weather deck to 1st tier accommodation orother spaces protecting access below may have four clips.

5.8.2 Sliding glass doors Arrangements with sliding glass doors or glass walls aregenerally permissible only for the after end bulkhead ofsuperstructures.

The glass used is to be of the toughened type or equivalent.

The thickness may be determined using the formula in[5.6.4] assuming for P the value corresponding to 10kN/m2.

The sills of these doors are to be in accordance with therequirements set out in item [5.8.1].

5.9 Drawings

5.9.1 A plan showing the position portlights, windows,skylights, external doors and glass walls is to be submitted;their dimensions and sills are to be clearly indicated.

Nominal sizes (clear light) of rec-tangular window

(mm)

Thickness of tough-ened glass

(mm)

Total minimum number of clos-

ing appliances of opening type rec-tangular window

300x500355x500400x560450x630500x710560x800900x6301000x7101100x800

666667889

444466688

Nota 1: Swing bolts and circular hole hinges of glass holdersof opening type rectangular windows are considered closingappliances.

t 0 005b p,=

te2 ti1

2 ti22

tiin2

+ +=RINA Rules for Pleasure Yachts 2009 39

Pt B, Ch 1, Sec 15.10 Ventilation

5.10.1 GeneralAccommodation spaces are to be protected from gas orvapour fumes from machinery, exhaust and fuel systems.

Yachts are to be adequately ventilated throughout allspaces.

The machinery spaces are to

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