part c – ad brain scans - anatomical (4.5 mb)
TRANSCRIPT
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HOW CAN NEUROIMAGING HELP UNDERSTAND, DIAGNOSE, AND
DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE?
Part C – AD brain scans - anatomical NUCLEAR MEDICINE GRAND ROUNDS
Stanford University
J. Wesson Ashford, M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Professor (affiliated), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSenior Research Scientist, Stanford / VA Aging Clinical Research
Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System
January 5, 2010
Slides at: www.medafile.com (Dr. Ashford’s lectures)
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BRAIN SCANNING TECHNIQUES
• ANATOMICAL BRAIN IMAGING– CT – cerebral tomography– MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
• FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING– SPECT – single photon emission computed tomography– PET – FDG – Positron emission tomography
• BRAIN CHEMISTRY MEASUREMENT– MRS (spectroscopy – NAA/Cr: estimate neuronal volume)
• BRAIN PATHOLOGY IMAGING– PIB – amyloid (many compounds under development)– FDDNP – neurofibrillary pathology
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Evolution of Neuroimaging in ADEvolution of Neuroimaging in AD• Computed TomographyComputed Tomography• MRIMRI• Volumetric MRIVolumetric MRI• Co-registration of MRICo-registration of MRI• Functional MRIFunctional MRI• FDG Glucose PETFDG Glucose PET• Amyloid ImagingAmyloid Imaging• P-Tau imagingP-Tau imaging
FDG Glucose PET
Lab of Neuro Imaging UCLA School of Medicine. www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/AD_4D/dynamic.html.
Helmuth L. Science. 2002;297:1260-1262.
Alzheimer Disease Forum. http://www.alzforum.org/new/detail.asp?id=948.
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NORMAL ALZHEIMER
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Hippocampus outline Entorhinal Cortex outline
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Braak and Braak stage vs normalized bilateral hippocampal formation (HF) volume in subjects with isolated AD pathology. Jack et al., 2002
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Jack et al., 1992HF/TIV = Hippocampal Formation / Total Intracranial Volume
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AD-Designed Probability Atlas:Probabilistic Atlas of Hippocampal Volumes
Mega et al. 2002UCLA Medical Center
Future MRIs will include estimates of disease probability based on volumes.
Volumes already being done in some medical centers.