part 5 music for theater and film chapter 18: music for films america’s musical landscape 6th...
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Part 5Music for Theater and Film
Chapter 18: Music for Films
America’s Musical Landscape 6th edition
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
2© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 2
Functions of Music in Film Film Score – the music composed for a movie Mickey Mousing –
the practice of mimicking
musically the actions of
a character Music draws the audience
into the atmosphere of the film Music helps build a sense of continuity
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 3
Source Versus Functional Music Source/Diegetic Music – provides a thematic anchor for
images on screen
Music adds accompaniment to the action in films featuring dance Fame (1980) Saturday Night Fever (1977)
Functional/Nondiegetic Music – the music is heard by the spectators, but not by the characters in the film
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 4
History of Music in Films Silent Films – music was provided by pianists, theater organists, and other instrumentalists
Early Sound Films – The Jazz Singer
Most composers working in early Hollywood were European with the exception of several notable American composers Virgil Thompson Aaron Copland Irving Berlin
The Hollywood Sound The classical Hollywood film score
Lush orchestration, rich harmonies and sweeping melodies
Bernard Herrmann A classical composer and arranger who also worked in radio and film
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 5
Bernard Herrmann (1911-1975) A New Yorker who carried his classical music
training to radio, where he worked as a composer and arranger, and then to film
Scored Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane (1941) Best-known for his work scoring films by Alfred
Hitchcock
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 6
Listening Example 63The Murder (from Psycho)Composed by Bernard Hermann (1911-1975)Listening Guide page 324
Timbre: Orchestra, dominated by high-pitched strings as the players glide their fingers rapidly along the strings (a technique called glissando)
Form: Programmatic (the music describes and enhances the actions on the screen)
Melody: Fragmentary phrases, repeated over and over
This disturbingly effectivemusic supports one of
the most terrifying scenesin movie history.
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 7
The Hollywood Sound Key figures in Hollywood music from the
1930s and 1940s Alfred Newnan Max Steiner Erik Korngold
John Williams – popularized the classic film score in movies such as Jaws, Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 8
Listening Example 64Star Wars Main TitleComposer John Williams (b. 1932)Listening Guide page 327
Timbre: Orchestra, dominated by brass and percussion, rather than the usual strings
Texture: Predominantly homophonicForm: The music is organized according to programmatic
content
This highly emotional filmscore helped return
the lush, romantic style of the classical Hollywoodscore to popular favor.
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 9
Pop Scores 1950s – composers accompanied films with pop music
The Sting (1973) The Third Man (1949)
1960s – pop scores helped attract a younger audience Music by Burt Bacharach and Henry Mancini
1970s Randy Newnan – Toy Story 2 (1999)
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 10
Electronic Music Theremin – the earliest electronic musical
instrument Invented in 1920
1960s – introduction of analog techniques
1980s – advent of digital systems Non-acoustic score composed by Maurice Jarre for Fatal
Attraction (1987)
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 11
Movie Musicals Revived Movie musicals, popular during the 1930s and
1940s, lost favor in subsequent decades 2000-2001: renewed interest in the genre due to
films emphasizing music that were billed as musicals Dancer in the Dark – quotes The Sound of Music O Brother, Where Art Thou? – highighted Depression-era
Southern music Moulin Rouge – incorporated popular songs
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 12
Current Trends Use of all kinds of music in film including
Classical music Jazz Ethnic music Popular songs Rock New Age Opera
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 13
The Composer’s Perspective Techniques and methods considered by
composers Tonality Use of dissonance Timbre Role of various
instruments Mixing and editing
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Part 5: Music for Theater and Film Chapter 18: Music for Films 14
Film Score Performances and Recordings Suites
Significant sections from a complete film score
New music for classic films Philip Glass composed music for the class horror film
Dracula
1990s Trend toward collecting film scores Apollo 13, City of Angels