TITLE

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PART 4: PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATIONIMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION

� 4.2 Hazard Identification, RiskAssessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)

Learning Objectives

� To define what is risk

assessment.

� To assess the hazard

� To describe the

method of identifying

hazard.

� To assess the hazard

identification, risk

assessment and risk

control process.

� To construct the risk

assessment matrix.

� What is Risk assessment??:

The process of evaluating the risks to safety and health arising from hazards at work.

Risk Assessment

� Risk assessment results is documented and used for:

1. Risk control in OSH management

2. Future reference and review

1. Integrate Risk Management as part of planningat all levels of business

2. Accept all risks

Basic Principles Of Risk Management

2. Accept all risks

3. Make risk decisions appropriately (depending on level of risk)

4. Manage the risk

� Before Operation

� During Operation

When To Carry Out Risk Assessment

� After Operation

� Review whenever there are changes:

� Internal

� Before modification, changes or introduction of new

�Materials, machinery or

When To Review Risk Assessment

�Materials, machinery or processes, working procedures.

� External

� Amendments of national laws and regulations

� Developments in OSH knowledge and technology

� Hazard Identification

� Risk Assessment

Basic Components Of Risk Management

� Risk Control

� Review

Risk Assessment

� Severity in terms of:

� Harm to health

� Damage to property

� Damage to environment

Determining Severity

� Or the combination of the above

Severity

Determine severity categories:

� Catastrophic (Major fatality & irrecoverable damage)

� Fatal (normally irreversibleinjury or damage to health)

� Serious (Non-fatal injury, � Serious (Non-fatal injury, permanent disability.)

� Minor (Disabling but not permanent injury)

� Negligible injuries (first aid type injury)

� Most likely - could happen frequently

� Possible – has a good chance of occurring & not unusual.

Likelihood

� Conceivable – occurred sometime in future.

� Remote – not been known to occur many times.

� Inconceivable – impossible & never occured

SeverityLikelihood

Most Likely

(5)

Possible

(4)

Conceivable

(3)

Remote

(2)

Inconceivable

(1)

Catastrophic

A. Qualitative Risk Table

Catastrophic

(5) High-25 High-20 High-15 Medium-10 Medium-5

Fatal

(4) High-20 High-16 Medium-12 Medium-8 Low-4

Serious

(3) High-15 Medium-12 Medium-9 Medium-6 Low-3

Minor

(2) Medium-10 Medium-8 Medium-6 Low-4 Low-2

Negligible

(1) Medium-5 Medium-4 Low-3 Low-2 Low-1

Status of Risk

RISK DESCRIPTION ACTION

15 – 25 HIGH

A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in the hierarchy of control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form including date for completion.

A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to

5 – 12 MEDIUM

A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies temporary measure if required. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form including date for completion.

1 – 4 LOW

A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable and further reduction may not be necessary. However, if the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control measures should be implemented and recorded.

Determine severity categories:

� 4: Fatality & Permanent Disability

� 3: More than 4 days MC

B. Semi – Quantitative Risk Assessment

� 2: Less than or 4 days MC

� 1: First aid and near misses

Determining Likelihood of Occurrence of

Hazard

� 4: Daily

Semi – Quantitative Risk Assessment

� 3: Weekly

� 2: Monthly

� 1: Yearly

LIKELIHOOD

SE

VE

RIT

Y

Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily

1 2 3 4

Semi – Quantitative Risk Assessment

SE

VE

RIT

Y

First Aid and Near Misses

1 1 2 3 4

Less than or 4 days

MC2 2 4 6 8

More than 4 days MC

3 3 6 9 12

Fatality & Permanent Disability

4 4 8 12 16

Activities / process /

facilities/ equipmentHazard Effect

Current Risk

Control

Legal

Reqmt

Risk Action &

RecommendationsSeverity. LikelihoodRisk

Rating

Arc WeldingPhysical:-Radiation

Eyes …Face shield

FMA, OSHA

2 3 6PPE-goggles, eye wash station, job rotation

Chemical:-Fumes

Breathing …..-

FMA, OSHA

2 3 6Exhaust fan, respirator, job rotation

Physical:- Spark

Skin blisterGloves, overall, kasut

FMA, OSHA

2 3 6

Fire resistance coverall , glove, fire extinguisher,

Risk Assessment Form

overall, kasut OSHA2 3 6

extinguisher, emergency shower

Risk Control

Principle of Control

•Substitution

•Modify process

•Enclosure

•Local exhaust

•Fugitive

emission control

•Isolation

•Housekeeping

•General

ventilation

•Continuous area

monitoring

•Dilution

ventilation

•Automation or

remote control

•Training and

education

•Worker rotation

•Enclosure of

worker

•Personal

monitoring

•Personal

protective devices

Hierarchy Of Control

MOST EFFECTIVE

Elimination - remove the hazard.

FAIRLY EFFECTIVE

Substitution - use less hazardous

one.

Isolation – isolate the work area i.e.

X-ray machine in restricted roomX-ray machine in restricted room

Engineering Control – design,

isolation at source, barricade,

guarding,

LEAST EFFECTIVE

Administrative Control – safe work

procedure, isolation i.e. reduce

exposure time and limit, training,

signage etc

PPE - last resort.