part 3: hydro turbine governing system
TRANSCRIPT
Technical Guidelines for the Development of Small Hydropower PlantsUNITS
Part 3: Hydro Turbine Governing System
SHP/TG 003-3: 2019
D I S C L A I M E R
This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of company names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information herein, neither UNIDO nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of the material. This document may be freely quoted or reprinted but acknowledgement is requested.
© 2019 UNIDO / INSHP- All rights reserved
Technical Guidelines for the Development of Small Hydropower PlantsUNITS
Part 3: Hydro Turbine Governing System
SHP/TG 003-3: 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The technical guidelines (TGs) are the result of a collaborative effort between the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO) and the International Network on Small Hydro Power (INSHP). About 80 international experts and 40
international agencies were involved in the document’s preparation and peer review, and they provided concrete comments
and suggestions to make the TGs professional and applicable.
UNIDO and the INSHP highly appreciate the contributions provided during the development of these guidelines and in
particular those delivered by the following international organizations:
- The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA)
- The Global Network of Regional Sustainable Energy Centres (GN-SEC), particularly the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable
Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), the East African Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (EACREEE),
the Pacific Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (PCREEE) and the Caribbean Centre for Renewable Energy
and Energy Efficiency (CCREEE).
The Chinese government has facilitated the finalization of these guidelines and was of great importance to its completion.
The development of these guidelines benefited greatly from the valuable inputs, review and constructive comments as well as
contributions received from Mr. Adnan Ahmed Shawky Atwa, Mr. Adoyi John Ochigbo, Mr. Arun Kumar, Mr. Atul Sarthak, Mr.
Bassey Edet Nkposong, Mr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento, Ms. Chang Fangyuan, Mr. Chen Changjun, Ms. Chen Hongying , Mr.
Chen Xiaodong, Ms. Chen Yan, Ms. Chen Yueqing, Ms. Cheng Xialei, Ms. Chileshe Kapaya Matantilo, Ms. Chileshe Mpundu
Kapwepwe, Mr. Deogratias Kamweya, Mr. Dolwin Khan, Mr. Dong Guofeng, Mr. Ejaz Hussain Butt, Ms. Eva Kremere, Ms. Fang
Lin, Mr. Fu Liangliang, Mr. Garaio Donald Gafiye, Mr. Guei Guillaume Fulbert Kouhie, Mr. Guo Chenguang, Mr. Guo Hongyou,
Mr. Harold John Annegam, Ms. Hou ling, Mr. Hu Jianwei, Ms. Hu Xiaobo, Mr. Hu Yunchu, Mr. Huang Haiyang, Mr. Huang
Zhengmin, Ms. Januka Gyawali, Mr. Jiang Songkun, Mr. K. M. Dharesan Unnithan, Mr. Kipyego Cheluget, Mr. Kolade Esan, Mr.
Lamyser Castellanos Rigoberto, Mr. Li Zhiwu, Ms. Li Hui, Mr. Li Xiaoyong, Ms. Li Jingjing, Ms. Li Sa, Mr. Li Zhenggui, Ms. Liang
Hong, Mr. Liang Yong, Mr. Lin Xuxin, Mr. Liu Deyou, Mr. Liu Heng, Mr. Louis Philippe Jacques Tavernier, Ms. Lu Xiaoyan, Mr. Lv
Jianping, Mr. Manuel Mattiat, Mr. Martin Lugmayr, Mr. Mohamedain SeifElnasr, Mr. Mundia Simainga, Mr. Mukayi Musarurwa,
Mr. Olumide TaiwoAlade, Mr. Ou Chuanqi, Ms. Pan Meiting, Mr. Pan Weiping, Mr. Ralf Steffen Kaeser, Mr. Rudolf Hüpfl, Mr. Rui
Jun, Mr. Rao Dayi, Mr. Sandeep Kher, Mr. Sergio Armando Trelles Jasso, Mr. Sindiso Ngwenga, Mr. Sidney Kilmete, Ms. Sitraka
Zarasoa Rakotomahefa, Mr. Shang Zhihong, Mr. Shen Cunke, Mr. Shi Rongqing, Ms. Sanja Komadina, Mr. Tareqemtairah, Mr.
Tokihiko Fujimoto, Mr. Tovoniaina Ramanantsoa Andriampaniry, Mr. Tan Xiangqing, Mr. Tong Leyi, Mr. Wang Xinliang, Mr.
Wang Fuyun, Mr. Wang Baoluo, Mr. Wei Jianghui, Mr. Wu Cong, Ms. Xie Lihua, Mr. Xiong Jie, Ms. Xu Jie, Ms. Xu Xiaoyan, Mr. Xu
Wei, Mr. Yohane Mukabe, Mr. Yan Wenjiao, Mr. Yang Weijun, Ms. Yan Li, Mr. Yao Shenghong, Mr. Zeng Jingnian, Mr. Zhao
Guojun, Mr. Zhang Min, Mr. Zhang Liansheng, Mr. Zhang Zhenzhong, Mr. Zhang Xiaowen, Ms. Zhang Yingnan, Mr. Zheng Liang,
Mr. Mr. Zheng Yu, Mr. Zhou Shuhua, Ms. Zhu Mingjuan.
Further recommendations and suggestions for application for the update would be highly welcome.
TableofContents
Foreword Ⅱ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Introduction Ⅲ………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 Scope 1……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 Normativereferences 1…………………………………………………………………………………
3 Termsanddefinitions 2…………………………………………………………………………………
4 Generalprovisions 2………………………………………………………………………………………
4.1 Modelselectionofthegovernorandtheoilpressuredevice 2…………………………………
4.2 Operationalsituationofthehydroturbinegeneratorunit 2……………………………………
4.3 Waterinertiatimeconstantandturbinegeneratorunitinertiatimeconstant 2………………
4.4 Environmentalconditions 2…………………………………………………………………………
4.5 Oilforthehydroturbinegoverningsystem 3……………………………………………………
4.6 Others 3………………………………………………………………………………………………
5 Technicalrequirements 3…………………………………………………………………………………
5.1 Servomotorcapacity 3………………………………………………………………………………
5.2 Oilpressuregrade 3…………………………………………………………………………………
5.3 Staticcharacteristics(speeddroop) 3……………………………………………………………
5.4 Dynamiccharacteristics 4……………………………………………………………………………
5.5 Governor 5……………………………………………………………………………………………
5.6 Oilpressuredevice 9…………………………………………………………………………………
6 Supplyscopeandspareparts 10………………………………………………………………………
7 Technicaldocuments 11…………………………………………………………………………………
8 Inspectionandacceptance 11……………………………………………………………………………
9 Nameplate,packing,transportationandstorage 11…………………………………………………
9.1 Nameplate 11…………………………………………………………………………………………
9.2 Packing 12……………………………………………………………………………………………
9.3 Transportation 12……………………………………………………………………………………
9.4 Storage 12……………………………………………………………………………………………
10 Installation,operationandmaintenance 13……………………………………………………………
10.1 Installation 13………………………………………………………………………………………
10.2 Operationandmaintenance 13……………………………………………………………………
11 Qualityguaranteeperiod 13……………………………………………………………………………
AppendixA(Informative) Inspectionandsiteacceptancetest 14……………………………………
Ⅰ
SHP/TG003-3:2019
Foreword
TheUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO)isaspecializedagencyundertheUnitedNationssystemtopromotegloballyinclusiveandsustainableindustrialdevelopment(ISID).TherelevanceofISIDasanintegratedapproachtoallthreepillarsofsustainabledevelopmentisrec-ognizedbythe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandtherelatedSustainableDevelopmentGoals (SDGs), which willframe United Nations and country efforts towards sustainabledevelopmentinthenextfifteenyears.UNIDO’smandateforISIDcoverstheneedtosupportthecre-ationofsustainableenergysystemsasenergyisessentialtoeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandtoimprovingqualityoflife.Internationalconcernanddebateoverenergyhavegrownincreasinglyoverthepasttwodecades,withtheissuesofpovertyalleviation,environmentalrisksandclimatechangenowtakingcentrestage.
INSHP(InternationalNetworkonSmallHydroPower)isaninternationalcoordinatingandpromotingorganizationfortheglobaldevelopmentofsmallhydropower(SHP),whichisestablishedontheba-sisofvoluntaryparticipationofregional,subregionalandnationalfocalpoints,relevantinstitutions,
utilitiesandcompanies,andhassocialbenefitasitsmajorobjective.INSHPaimsatthepromotionofglobalSHPdevelopmentthroughtriangletechnicalandeconomiccooperationamongdevelopingcountries,developedcountriesandinternationalorganizations,inordertosupplyruralareasinde-velopingcountrieswithenvironmentallysound,affordableandadequateenergy,whichwillleadtotheincreaseofemploymentopportunities,improvementofecologicalenvironments,povertyallevi-ation,improvementoflocallivingandculturalstandardsandeconomicdevelopment.
UNIDOandINSHPhavebeencooperatingontheWorldSmallHydropowerDevelopmentReportsinceyear2010.Fromthereports,SHPdemandanddevelopmentworldwidewerenotmatched.Oneofthedevelopmentbarriersinmostcountriesislackoftechnologies.UNIDO,incooperationwithINSHP,
throughglobalexpertcooperation,andbasedonsuccessfuldevelopmentexperiences,decidedtodeveloptheSHPTGstomeetdemandfromMemberStates.
TheseTGsweredraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seewww.iso.org/directives).
AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsoftheseTGsmaybesubjecttopa-tentrights.UNIDOandINSHPshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganysuchpatentrights.
Ⅱ
SHP/TG003-3:2019
Introduction
SmallHydropower(SHP)isincreasinglyrecognizedasanimportantrenewableenergysolutiontothechallengeofelectrifyingremoteruralareas.However,whilemostcountriesinEurope,NorthandSouthAmerica,andChinahavehighdegreesofinstalledcapacity,thepotentialofSHPinmanyde-velopingcountriesremainsuntappedandishinderedbyanumberoffactorsincludingthelackofgloballyagreedgoodpracticesorstandardsforSHPdevelopment.
TheseTechnicalGuidelinesfortheDevelopmentofSmallHydropowerPlants(TGs)willaddressthecurrentlimitationsoftheregulationsappliedtotechnicalguidelinesforSHPPlantsbyapplyingtheexpertiseandbestpracticesthatexistacrosstheglobe.Itisintendedforcountriestoutilizethesea-greeduponGuidelinestosupporttheircurrentpolicy,technologyandecosystems.Countriesthathavelimitedinstitutionalandtechnicalcapacities,willbeabletoenhancetheirknowledgebaseinde-velopingSHPplants,therebyattractingmoreinvestmentinSHPprojects,encouragingfavourablepoliciesandsubsequentlyassistingineconomicdevelopmentatanationallevel.TheseTGswillbevaluableforallcountries,butespeciallyallowforthesharingofexperienceandbestpracticesbe-tweencountriesthathavelimitedtechnicalknow-how.
TheTGscanbeusedastheprinciplesandbasisfortheplanning,design,constructionandmanage-mentofSHPplantsupto30MW.
● TheTermsandDefinitionsintheTGsspecifytheprofessionaltechnicaltermsanddefinitionscommonlyusedforSHPPlants.
● TheDesignGuidelinesprovideguidelinesforbasicrequirements,methodologyandprocedureintermsofsiteselection,hydrology,geology,projectlayout,configurations,energycalculations,
hydraulics,electromechanicalequipmentselection,construction,projectcostestimates,eco-nomicappraisal,financing,socialandenvironmentalassessments—withtheultimategoalofa-chievingthebestdesignsolutions.
● TheUnitsGuidelinesspecifythetechnicalrequirementsonSHPturbines,generators,hydrotur-binegoverningsystems,excitationsystems,mainvalvesaswellasmonitoring,control,pro-tectionandDCpowersupplysystems.
● TheConstructionGuidelinescanbeusedastheguidingtechnicaldocumentsfortheconstructionofSHPprojects.
● TheManagementGuidelinesprovidetechnicalguidanceforthemanagement,operationandmain-tenance,technicalrenovationandprojectacceptanceofSHPprojects.
Ⅲ
SHP/TG003-3:2019
TechnicalGuidelinesfortheDevelopmentofSmallHydropowerPlants-UnitsPart3:SpeedGoverningSystem
1 Scope
ThisPartoftheUnitsGuidelinesspecifiesthetechnicalrequirementsaswellasthebasicrequire-mentsforthesupplyscope,spareparts,technicaldocuments,inspectionandacceptance,packing,
transportation,storage,installation,operationandmaintenanceforthesmallhydropower(SHP)
hydroturbinegoverningsystem.
Thisdocumentappliestotheelectro-hydraulicgovernor(hereinafterreferredtoasthegovernor)
withaworkingcapacityof350N·moraboveaswellasanoilpressuredevice.
2 Normativereferences
Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)ap-
plies.
ISO8068,Lubricants,IndustrialOilsandRelatedProducts(ClassL)—FamilyT (Turbines)—Speci-ficationforLubricatingOilsforTurbines
ISO11158,Lubricants,IndustrialOilsandRelatedProducts (ClassL)—FamilyH (HydraulicSys-tems)—SpecificationsforCategoriesHH,HL,HM,HVandHG
IEC61000-4-4,ElectromagneticCompatibility (EMC)—Part4-4:TestingandMeasurementTech-niques—ElectricalFastTransient/BurstImmunityTest
IEC60308,Hydraulicturbines—TestingoftheControlsystems
IEC61362,guidetothespecificationsofthehydraulicturbinescontrolsystem
SHP/TG001,Technicalguidelinesforthedevelopmentofsmallhydropowerplants—Termsanddefi-nitions.
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3 Termsanddefinitions
Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninIEC60308,IEC61362andSHP/TG001apply.
4 Generalprovisions
4.1 Modelselectionofthegovernorandtheoilpressuredevice
4.1.1 Themodelselectionofthegovernorandtheoilpressuredeviceshallbereasonable,theworkingcapacityshallbematchedwiththeturbine,andtheyshallbeabletoreliablycontrolthetur-binegeneratorunitunderthemaximumwaterheadandatmaximumflowrateandhaveacertainal-lowance.
4.1.2 Theactualmaximumopeningoftheguidevaneshallatleastcorrespondtoover80%ofthemaximumstrokeoftheservomotor.
4.2 Operationalsituationofthehydroturbinegeneratorunit
4.2.1 Theturbineshalloperateundertheconditionsspecifiedbythemanufacturer.
4.2.2 Theturbinegeneratorunitshallbeabletooperatestablyundervariousmanualconditions.Whenoperatingunderthemanualno-loadcondition(thegeneratorexciterisworkinginautomaticmode),therelativevalueofthespeedoscillationoftheturbinegeneratorunitshallnotexceed±0.3%.
4.3 Waterinertiatimeconstantandturbinegeneratorunitinertiatimeconstant
4.3.1 ThewaterinertiatimeconstantTwoftheturbinewaterdiversionsystemshallnotbemorethan4s.
4.3.2 TheturbinegeneratorunitinertiatimeconstantTashallnotbelessthan4sforthereactionturbinenorlessthan2sfortheimpulseturbine.
4.3.3 ThespecificratioofthewaterinertiatimeconstantTwtotheturbinegeneratorunitinertiatimeconstantTashallnotbemorethan0.4.
4.4 Environmentalconditions
Theenvironmentalconditionsshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:2
SHP/TG003-3:2019
a) Thealtitudeshallnotexceed2500m.Whentheequipmentisusedinplaceswithanaltitudeex-ceeding2500m,thereductioninthedielectricpropertyandthedecreaseoftheaircoolingeffectshallbeconsidered,andtheusershallnegotiatewiththesupplier.
b) Ambienttemperatureis5℃to40℃.
c) Themonthlymaximumrelativehumidityshallnotexceed85% (withoutcondensation)duringthewettestmonth,meanwhile,themonthlyaverageminimumtemperatureshallnotbemorethan25℃duringthismonth.
4.5 Oilforthehydroturbinegoverningsystem
Theviscositygradeoftheoilusedinthehydroturbinegoverningsystemshallbeconsistentwiththeoilusedintheturbine,theoiltemperaturescopeis10℃to50℃,andthefollowingrequirementsshallbemet:
a) Whentheoilpressuregradeisnotmorethan12.5MPa,L-HLhydraulicoilshouldbeselectedandtheoilqualityshallcomplywiththeprovisionsofISO8068.
b) Whentheoilpressuregradeismorethan12.5MPa,L-HMhydraulicoilshouldbeselectedandtheoilqualityshallcomplywiththeprovisionsofISO11158.
4.6 Others
Iftheserviceenvironmentconditionsdonotmeettherequirements,theperformanceindicesmaybenegotiatedbythesupplierandtheuser.
5 Technicalrequirements
5.1 Servomotorcapacity
Theservomotorcapacityofthehydroturbinegoverningsystemshallmatchthedesignrequirementsfortheturbine.
5.2 Oilpressuregrade
Theoilpressuregradeofthegovernorandtheoilpressuredeviceshallbe(MPa):2.5,4.0,6.3,
10.0,12.5and16.0.
5.3 Staticcharacteristics(speeddroop)
5.3.1 Thestaticcharacteristiccurveshallbeapproximatelyastraightline.3
SHP/TG003-3:2019
5.3.2 Whenthepermanentdifferencecoefficientbpis4%,seeTable1forthespeeddeadbandmeasuredatthemainservomotor.
Table1 Speeddeadbandoftheturbinegoverningsystem
Item
Typeofgovernor
Large-scale
governor(A>75000N·m)
Medium-scale
governor(18000N·m≤A≤75000N·m)
Small-scale
governor(3000N·m≤A<18000N·m)
Ultra-small-scalegovernor(350N·m≤A<3000N·m)
Speeddeadbandix
(%)0.02 0.06 0.10 0.20
5.3.3 ForthehydroturbinegoverningsystemoftheKaplanturbine,theia(theinaccuracyofthebladeservosystem)shallnotexceed0.8%andtheallowabledeviationofthemeasuredcombinationcurveandthetheoreticcombinationcurveshallbe1%ofthefullstrokeofthebladeservomotor.
5.3.4 Forthehydroturbinegoverningsystemofthemulti-nozzleimpulseturbine,thepositionde-viationbetweenanytwoneedlesshallnotexceed1%ofthefullstrokeandthepositiondeviationofeachneedlefromtheaveragevalueofallneedlepositionsshallnotexceed0.5% underthesteady-statecondition.
5.4 Dynamiccharacteristics
5.4.1 Thegovernorshallensurethestabilityoftheturbinegeneratorunitundervariousworkingconditionsandinvariousoperatingmodes,andmeetthefollowingrequirements:
a) Whenthegovernorisoperatingautomaticallyunderno-loadcondition,applyastep-typespeedcommandsignalandobservethetransitionprocess.Afteritbecomesstable,recordtherelativevalueofspeedoscillating:
1) Therelativevalueshallnotexceed±0.25%forthemediumandsmall-scalegovernor;
2) Therelativevalueshallnotexceed±0.3%fortheultra-small-scalegovernor.
b) Iftherelativevalueofthemanualno-loadspeedoscillatingoftheturbinegeneratorunitisgrea-terthanthespecifiedvalue,therelativevalueofitsautomaticno-loadspeedoscillatingshallnotbemorethantherelativevalueofthemanualno-loadspeedoscillating.
c) Fortheturbinegeneratorunitwhoserotationalinertiacouldnotsatisfytheregulationguaranteecalculationrequirement,therelativevalueofitsautomaticno-loadspeedoscillatingshallbene-
gotiatedbythesupplierandtheuserseparately.4
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5.4.2 Theservomotordeadtimeshallnotbemorethan0.2s.
5.4.3 Thedynamicqualityoftheturbinegeneratorunitafterloadrejectionshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:
a) After100%loadrejection,thecrestthatis3% abovetheratedrotationspeedvalueinthesteadystateshallnotappearmorethantwiceinthespeedvariationprocess;
b) Theregulationtimeshallmeetoneofthefollowingrequirements:
1) Theregulationtimefromthemomentwhentheservomotorstartsmovingtowardtheopeningdirectionforthefirsttimeafterloadrejectiontothemomentwhentherelativevalueofthespeedoscillatingisnotmorethan±1%shallnotbemorethan40s;
2) TheratiooftheregulationtimetEfromthestartofloadrejectiontothemomentwhenthedeviationbetweentherotationspeedandtheratedvalueislessthan±1%tothetimetM
fromthestartofloadrejectiontothemomentwhentherotationspeedrisesuptothemax-imumvalueshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:
—Itshallnotbemorethan8forthereactionturbinewithmediumandlowwaterhead;
—Itshallnotbemorethan12fortheKaplanturbinewithrelativelylongbladeclosingtime;
—Itshallnotbemorethan15forthereactionturbinewithhighwaterheadandtheimpulseturbine.
c) Fortheturbinegeneratorunitsupplyingpowertothehydropowerstationafterdisconnectingfromthepowergrid,theminimumrelativespeedoftheturbinegeneratorunitafterloadrejec-tionshallnotbelessthan0.85(exceptforthebulbturbineunitswithinrushcontrolandarela-tivelylongbladeclosingtime).
5.5 Governor
5.5.1 ThegoverningparametersofthePID-basedgovernorshallbeadjustablewithinthedesignscope:
a) TheminimumvalueoftheproportionalgainKPshallnotbemorethan0.5andthemaximumval-ueshallnotbelessthan20.
b) TheminimumvalueoftheintegralgainKIshallnotbemorethan0.05s-1andthemaximumvalueshallnotbelessthan10s-1
c) TheminimumvalueofthedifferentialgainKDis0andthemaximumvalueshallnotbelessthan5s.5
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5.5.2 Thepermanentspeeddroopcoefficientbpshallbeadjustableasappropriatewithinthescopeof0to10%.
5.5.3 Theadjustmentscopeofthespeedcommandsignalshallbe±10%oftheratedspeed.
5.5.4 Theopening(load)limitingshallbeadjustablewithinthescopefrom0tothemaximumopen-ing(load).
5.5.5 TheclosingtimeTfandtheopeningtimeTgoftheservomotorshallbeadjustableasappro-
priatewithinthedesignscope.
5.5.6 Thegovernorshallbeabletorealizethestarting,stoppingandemergencyshutdownoftheturbinegeneratorunitintheautomaticandmanualmodes.
5.5.7 Thegovernorshallbeabletosettheartificialdeadband,itsscopeis±1%oftheratedspeedanditcouldbesetasappropriatewithinitsdesignscope.
5.5.8 Whentheinputsignalofthespeeddetector,thewaterheadsignal,thepowersignalortheservomotorpositionsignaldisappears,itshallenabletheturbinegeneratorunittomaintainthecur-rentload,theallowabledeviationoftheopeningvariationoftheturbinemainservomotorshallbe±1%ofitsfullstroke;meanwhiletheorderlyshutdownandtheemergencyshutdownoftheturbinegeneratorunitwillnotbeinfluenced.
5.5.9 Basicrequirementsofthesoftwaredesign:
a) Thesoftwareshallemploythestructuredandmodulardesign,andsatisfytheregulationandcontrolrequirementsoftheturbinegeneratorunitundervariousworkingconditions;
b) Thesoftwaresystemshallconsistofthefollowingmodules:Frequencymeasurement,PIDreg-ulation,input/outputprocessing,display,diagnosisanderrordetection.
5.5.10 Inadditiontothebasicfunctions,themicrocomputer-basedgovernoralsoshallhavethefaultdiagnosisandfault-tolerancecontrolfunctions,andshallbefittedwiththecommunicationin-terfaceandtheopencommunicationprotocol.
5.5.11 Speeddetectorshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:
a) Withina±10%scopeoftheratedspeed,thestaticcharacteristiccurveshallapproximateastraightlineanditsspeeddeadbandshallcomplywiththedesignspecificationvalue;
b) Withina±2%scopeoftheratedspeed,theallowablevalueofthemeasuredvalueoftheam-plificationcoefficientshallbe±5%ofthedesignvalue.6
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5.5.12 Electric-hydraulicandelectric-mechanicalconvertershallmeetthefollowingrequirements:
a) Underthespecifiedserviceconditions,theconvertershallbeabletoworkproperlyandreliably;
b) Inthedeadbandoftheelectric-hydraulicconverters,theoilpressuredrifting,themeasuredde-viationoftheamplificationcoefficientandtheoilconsumptionshallnotexceedthedesignvalueandtheworkingscopeshallnotbelessthanthedesignrequirementvalue;
c) Theoperatingforceandstrokeoftheelectric-mechanicalconvertershallnotbelessthanthede-signvalue;
d) Theelectric-hydraulicandelectric-mechanicalconvertersshallbeabletoreturntotheneutralpositionafterthepowerisshutoff.Inthestablestate,theallowabledeviationoftheservomo-torstrokevariationshallbe±1%ofitsfullstrokewhenitspowerisoff.
5.5.13 Theflowcharacteristicsofthemaindistributingvalvewiththespecifiedpressuredropshallcomplywiththedesignvalue.
5.5.14 Thegovernormaybefittedwithclosingdeviceinstagesaccordingtotheclosingruleoftheguidevane.Itsinitiatingpointshallbeadjustablewithintheopeningscopeof0to60%,itsactionshallbestableandreliable,andthepositiondeviationofitsinitiatingpointshallnotexceed±3%ofthefull-strokeoftheservomotor.
5.5.15 Theemergencydistributingvalveshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:
a) Thesettingoftheshutdowntimeshallnotbelessthantheminimumshutdowntimeoftheser-vomotorunderthequickemergencyshutdowncondition;
b) Thetimedelayfromtheactionoftheemergencydistributingvalvetotheactionofthemainser-vomotorshallnotbemorethan0.5s;
c) Thepositionsignalreflectingtheactionstateofthevalvecoreshallbeset.
5.5.16 Afterthehydrauliccomponentsareassembled,theoilleakageshallnotexceedthedesignvalueunderthespecifiedoiltemperatureandtheratedoilpressure.
5.5.17 Thehighlyreliabledisplacementtransducerneartheservomotorshallbeusedastheservo-motorfeedbackdevice.Theoutputsignalsofthedisplacementtransducermaybe-10Vto0V,0Vto10Vvoltagetypeor4mAto20mAcurrenttype.Theaccuracylevelofthedisplacementsensorshallbenolessthan0.5.
5.5.18 ThegovernorshouldemployDCandACpowersuppliesatthesametimewhichserveasstandbyforeachother.Ifeitherofthemfails,itwillbeswitchedoverautomaticallyandthealarm
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signalwillbetriggered.Whenthepowersupplyisswitchedover,theallowabledeviationoftheser-vomotorstrokevariationshallbe±1%ofthefullstroke.Itcanensurethecontinuousandstableop-erationofthegovernorwithinthefollowingpowersupplyandfrequencyrange:
a) ACpowersupply:
Inputvoltagerange:380/220×(85%to110%)V
Frequencyallowabledeviation:±10%
b) DCpowersupply:
Inputvoltagerange:220/110×(85%to110%)V
5.5.19 Insulationresistanceandthepowerfrequencywithstandvoltageshallmeetthefollowingre-quirements:
a) Theinsulationresistancebetweenelectricalloopsandbetweentheelectriccircuitandtheenclo-sureorthegroundshallnotbelessthan1MΩintheenvironmentwithatemperatureof15℃to35℃andarelativehumidityof45%to75%.
b) Whenthetestsarecarriedoutbetweentheseparatelivepartandtheexposedconductivepart,
andbetweenthecircuitandthemetalenclosure(orground)intheenvironmentwithatempera-tureof15℃to35℃andrelativehumidityof45%to75%,theyshallbeabletoundertakethewithstandtestvoltagespecifiedinTable2by5sdependingonitsworkingvoltage.
Table2 WithstandtestvoltageofthehydroturbinegoverningsystemUnit:Volt(V)
RatedvoltageUi Powerfrequencytestvoltage(ACroot-mean-squarevalue)
Ui≤60 1000
60<Ui≤300 2000
300<Ui≤690 2500
c) TheauxiliarycircuitwhichisnotsuitabletobedirectlysuppliedpowerfromthemainloopshallbeabletoundertakethewithstandtestvoltagespecifiedinTable3by5s.
Table3 WithstandtestvoltageoftheauxiliarycircuitofthehydroturbinegoverningsystemUnit:Volt(V)
RatedvoltageUi Powerfrequencytestvoltage(ACroot-mean-squarevalue)
Ui≤12 250
12<Ui≤60 500
Ui>60 2Ui+1000,minimumvalueis1500
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5.5.20 Theelectricaldeviceshallbeabletoundertaketheinterferencefromthepowersupply,thesignalsourceandthecontrolport,aswellastheradiatedelectromagneticfieldinterferencefromtheambientenvironment;meanwhile,theelectromagneticinterferencefromthedeviceitselfshallbeminimized,andtheelectricalfasttransienttestshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithIEC61000-4-4.Whentheinterferenceisapplied,thefunctionandactionoftheelectricaldeviceshallbecorrect,
andtheservomotorshallnothaveabnormalaction.
5.6 Oilpressuredevice
5.6.1 Thepressuretankshallcomplywiththedesignandusespecificationsofthepressurecon-tainer.
5.6.2 Whentheworkingoilpressureexceeds6.3MPa,thepressurecontaineroftheoilpressuredeviceshalladoptthebladdertypeaccumulatorwiththeoilandgasseparated.Whentheworkingoilpressuredoesnotexceed6.3MPa,theordinarypressuretankwiththeoilandgasincontactorthebladdertypeaccumulatormaybeused.
5.6.3 Attheupperlimitofnormalworkingoilpressure,thevolumeratioofoiltogasinthenon-i-solatedpressurecontainershouldbe1/3to1/2.
5.6.4 Thescopeofthenormalworkingoilpressureoftheoilpressuredeviceshallbe±2%to±5%ofthenominalworkingpressure.Theemergencyshutdownpressure(minimumpressureofemergencyshutdown)shallbeselectedsothatthepressurewillnotdropbelowtheminimumoper-atingpressureaftershuttingdown.
5.6.5 Atthelowerlimitofthenormalworkingoilpressureandwhentheoilpumpisnotstarted,
thevolumeofthepressuretankshallatleastbeabletoprovidethespecifiednumberofservomotorstrokesundertheconditionthatthepressuredropdoesnotexceedthedifferencebetweenthelowerlimitofthenormalworkingoilpressureandtheminimumoperatingoilpressure.
a) FortheFrancisturbine,itshallprovide3strokesoftheguidevaneservomotor;
b) Fortheimpulseturbine,(1.5to2)strokesoftheneedleservomotorshallalsobeconsideredinadditionto3strokesofthedeflectorservomotor;
c) FortheKaplanturbine,(1.5to2)strokesofthebladeservomotoralsoshallbeconsideredinad-ditionto3strokesoftheguidevaneservomotor;
d) Forthegovernorwiththepressureregulatingvalve,(1.5to2)strokesofthepressureregula-tingvalveservomotoralsoshallbeconsideredinadditionto3strokesoftheguidevaneservo-motor.
e) Withregardtothecontrolsystemusedfortheisolatedpowersystemoperation,thevolumeof9
SHP/TG003-3:2019
availableoilmaybeappropriatelyincreased,whichisusually1.5to2timestheaforesaidvalues.
5.6.6 Technicalrequirementsoftheoilpump:
a) Theoilpressuredeviceshouldbefittedwithdualoilpumps,oneforserviceandoneforstandbypurposes;
b) Theworkingspeedoftheoilpumpshouldnotexceed1500r/min.Whenthegovernorisunderthestableworkingcondition,thepressurerisetimefromthelowerlimitofthenormalworkingpressuretotheupperlimitofthenormalworkingpressureshallnotbemorethan100s;withregardtothegovernoroperatingintheisolatedpowersystem,thepressurerisetimefromthelowerlimitofthenormalworkingpressuretotheupperlimitofthenormalworkingpressureshallnotbemorethan40s;
c) Inthestaticorstablestateoftheturbinegeneratorunit,thestartingintervalfortheintermit-tentlyoperatedoilpumpoftheoilpressuredeviceshallbemorethan20min.
5.6.7 Technicalrequirementsforthesafetyvalve:
a) Whentheoilpressureis2%higherthantheupperlimitoftheworkingoilpressure,thesafetyvalveshallstartdrainingtheoil;beforetheoilpressureis10%higherthantheupperlimitoftheworkingoilpressure,thesafetyvalveshallbefullyopenedsothattheoilpressureinthepres-suretankwillnotfurtherincrease;
b) Theleakagerateofthesafetyvalveshallnotbe1% morethantheoildeliveryamountoftheoilpump;
c) Thesafetyvalveactionshallbecorrect,reliable,andfreefromstrongvibrationandnoise.
5.6.8 Theallowableactionerrorofthesetvalueoftheindividualpressureannunciatorfortheoilpressuredeviceshallbe±2%ofthesetvalue.
5.6.9 Theoilflowrateinthepipelineofthecontrolsystemshallnotexceed5m/s.
6 Supplyscopeandspareparts
Thesupplyscopeandsparepartsshallincludethefollowingitems:
a) Supplyscope:Governor,oilpressuredevice,positiontransmittersandspecialcablesbetweenthegovernorelectronicpartandthehydraulicunit;
b) Spareparts:Necessaryquick-wearpartstobeprovided;01
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c) Otherequipmentandsparepartstobenegotiatedbythesupplierandtheuserandspecifiedintheordercontract.
7 Technicaldocuments
Thesuppliershallsubmitthenecessarytechnicaldocumentstotheuser,mainlyincluding:
a) Systemschematicdiagramandoperationalschematicdiagrams;
b) Outsideviewandinstallationdrawing;
c) Arrangementplanandwiringdiagramofthemaincomponentsinthepanelcabinet;
d) Documentsattachedtotheoutsourcedequipment(includingthehardware);
e) Deliveryinspectionreportandtheconformitycertificate(1set/unit);
f) Installation,useandmaintenanceinstructions;
g) Deliveryspecification.
8 Inspectionandacceptance
SeeTableA.1fortheinspectionandacceptanceitems.
9 Nameplate,packing,transportationandstorage
9.1 Nameplate
Theproductnameplateshallbefixedatanappropriatelyobviouspositiononeachproduct.Thefabri-cationmaterialsandengravingmethodofthenameplatesshallensurethatitstextisnotobliteratedduringtheentireserviceperiod.Itsmaincontentsshallinclude:
a) Nameandmodel;
b) Ratedoilpressure(MPa);
c) Servicecapacity(N·m);11
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21
ageconditionsspecifiedin4.4.freefromcorrosionandaccuracyreductionduetoimproperpackingwithin12monthsunderthestor- 9.4.2 Fromthedateofdeliverybythesupplier,thesuppliershallguaranteethattheproductsare
andcorrosiveorexplosivegasesorastrongelectromagneticfield.peratureof-25 ℃to +55 ℃,relativehumidityofnotmorethan85% andwithoutacid,alkali,salt 9.4.1 Theproductsshallbestoredinthedust-freeandrainproofwarehouseswithanambienttem-
9.4 Storage
ingtothemarksonthepackingcontainers.
quirementsinthetransportationprocess.Thetransportationandhandlingshallbecarriedoutaccord-
Thesupplierandtheusershallspecifythetransportationtoolssuitablefortheequipmentandthere-
9.3 Transportation
9.2.5 Thepackingguaranteetimeshallnotexceed12monthsfromthedeliverydate.
tionalinspectionandquarantineregulations.9.2.4 Thepackingoftheproductsforexportshallcomply withtheprovisionsoftherelevantna-
b) Whethertheproductappearancegetsdamaged.
oftheproductarecomplete;a) Whethertheaccessories,spareparts,compliancecertificateandrelevanttechnicaldocuments
9.2.3 Theinspectionsoftheproductbeforepackingmainlyinclude:
anti-vibrationmeasures,andshallbeprovidedwiththehoistingfacilityandmarks.befirmlylockedandfastened,thepackingcontainershallbefittedwiththedustproof,rainproofand 9.2.2 Theproductshallhaveinternalpackingandexternalpackingcontainers,theplug-inboxshall
9.2.1 Specialrequirementsoftheequipment,ifany,shallbemarkedonthepackingcontainer.
9.2 Packing
f） Manufacturername,deliverydateandproductnumber.
e） Volumeofpressuretank(m3);
d) Nominalsizeofthemaindistributingvalve;
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10 Installation,operationandmaintenance
10.1 Installation
Theproductshallbeinstalledbyexperiencedandwell-qualifiedcompetentprofessionals.
10.2 Operationandmaintenance
10.2.1 Beforegoingintoformaloperation,therelevanttestsshallbecarriedout,andthespecifiedrequirementsshallbemet.
10.2.2 The operation and maintenance shallcomply with the provisions ofthe normativereferences,theinstallation,useandmaintenanceinstructionsprovidedbythesupplieraswellasrel-evantoperationspecificationsforthehydropowerstation.
10.2.3 Thesuppliershallprovidetechnicalsupportforsolvingtheproblemsoccurringintheinstal-lation,useandmaintenanceprocessfortheequipment,andshalltraintheuser’spersonnelintheaspectsoftheequipmentinstallation,useandmaintenance.
11 Qualityguaranteeperiod
Underthepremisethattheproductisproperlystored,installedandused,theproductqualityguar-anteeperiodshallbeoneyearafterthedateofthe72-hourtrialoperation,ortwoyearsafterthede-liverydateofthelastbatchofgoods,whichevercomesearlier.Iftheequipmentgetsdamagedorisunabletofunctionproperlyduetothemanufacturingqualityduringthequalityguaranteeperiod,thesuppliershallrepairorreplaceitfreeofcharge.
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AppendixA(Informative)
Inspectionandsiteacceptancetest
TableA.1 Factoryinspectionandsiteacceptancetestitemsofthehydroturbinegoverningsystem
No. TestitemsFactory
inspectionSiteacceptance
1 Appearanceinspection √ √
2 Meterinspection √ √
3 Inspectionoftheelectricconnection √ √
4 Insulationtestoftheelectriccircuit √
5 Communicationfunctioninspection √ √
6 Inspectionandtestofthepowersupply √ √
7 Pressure-tighttestofthepressuretank √
8 Testoftheoilpump √
9 Leakagetestoftheoilpressuredevice √ √
10Verificationofthesettingvaluesoftheoilpressureandoillevelsignalsoftheoilpressuredevice
√ √
11 Simulationtestoftheautomaticoperationoftheoilpressuredevice √ √
12 Inspectionandtestofthespeeddetector √
13 Testoftheelectric-hydraulicconverter √
14AdjustmentoftheclosingtimeTfandopeningtimeTgoftheser-
vomotor√ √
15Measurementoftheclosingandopeningtimescopeoftheservo-motor
√
16 Actiontestoftheoperatingcircuit √ √
17 Switchingtestoftheregulationmodesandcontrolmodes √ √
18Measurementofthepracticalopen-loopgainandthesettingtestoftheopen-loopgain
√ √
19Verification of the rotation speed command signal,openingcommandsignal,powercommandsignalandthepermanentdiffer-encecoefficientbp
√
20VerificationoftheproportionalgainKP,integralgainKIanddiffer-
entialgainKD√
21Measurementand test ofthe static characteristics (includingartificialspeeddeadband)andthespeeddeadbandixofthegover-
nor
√ √
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TableA.1(continued)
No. TestitemsFactory
inspectionSiteacceptance
22Measurementandtestofthecombinationcurveandinaccuracyiaof
thebladeservosystem
23 Synchronizationtestbetweentheguidevanes(needles) √
24 MeasurementandtestoftheservomotordeadtimeTq √ √
25 Measurementofthetotaloilconsumptionofthegovernor √
26 Switchingtestofthefaultsimulationandthecontrolmodes √ √
27 Automaticstart-up/shutdowntests √
28 No-loadtest √
29 Loaddumptest √
30 Testoftheguidevaneclosingunderthetrippingloweroilpressure √
31 Continuousloaded72hroperationtest √
NOTE1 Theitemsmarkedwith“√”inthetableshouldbecompleted.NOTE2 Ifthetestedequipmentdoesnothavethestructureandfunctionrelevanttoacertaintestitem,suchitem
doesnotneedtobetested.
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