parotid gland sameena2011

7/24/2019 Parotid Gland Sameena2011

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GLAND

“para=around;otic =ear

SUBMITTED BY

SAMEENASAMSUDE

!RD BDS

DEPARTMENT O" ORALAND MA#ILO"A$IAL SURGE



INDE# INTRODU$TION

SAPE%LOBES%PRO$ESSES O" TE GLAND SUR"A$ES SUR"A$E MAR&ING PAROTID DU$T RELATIONS STRU$TURES 'ITIN TE PAROTID GLAND BLOOD SUPPLY%NER(E SUPPLY%LYMPATI$

DRAINAGE PAROTID LYMP NODES $LINI$AL ANATOMY



INTRODU$TION

Located in t)eparotid re*ion

Lar*e+t +a,i-ar.*,and/

Serou+ in t.pe/ 01*ra2+ Ectoder2a, in

ori*in De-e,op+ 3ro2

4ucca,epit)e,iu2/



Stylomandibular Ligament

S u b m a n

d i b u l a r

G l a n d

Parotid Gland



Shape, Lobes, &Processes of The Gland

It is covered by a capsule derived from the deep cervical fasciaAttached superiorly to the zygomatic arch & Deeply, it is attached to the angle

of mandible and styloid process, forming the stylomandibular ligament.

it seperates parotid gland from the submandibular gland



It is pyramidal in shape, with its base above &apex behindthe angle of the mandible.

L!"# A$D %'"##"# (he facial nerve &its branches pass forward within the

gland & divide it into superficial& deep lobes. (he superior margin of the gland extends upward behind

()* to form glenoid process. (he anterior margin of the gland extends forward superficial

to the masseter to form the facial process. A small part of the facial process may be separate from the

main gland to form accessory part +which lies above the

parotid duct. (he deep part may extend between the medial pterygoid &

the ramus of the mandible to form the pterygoid process.



SUR"A$ES

05 Latera, 6+uper7cia,8

95Antero2edia,

!5Po+tero2edia,

BORDERS

05Anterior 95po+terior!5Media,

Po,e+ 6end+8:

05Upper end 64a+e8: around et/acou+tic 2eatu+

Lo<er end: 4et<een an*,e o3 t)e2andi4,e +terno2a+toid

Surfaces of The Gland



Superfcial surace

Anteromedial suracePosteromedial surace1- Suraces

2- Borders

Anterior borderPosterior border

3- Base and Apex

Base

Apex

edial border



Super7cia, +r3ace Antero 2edia,

+ur3ace Po+tero2edia,

+ur3ace



RELATIONS ON TE

SUPERIOR SUR"A$E



05 S>in

95 Super7cia, "a+ciaandP,at.+2a

!5 Great Auricu,arNer-e

?5 Super7cia, ParotidL.2p) Node+



Ma++eter

Media, pter.*oid

!acial ner"e trun#

Ra2u+ o3 2andi4,e

astoid process

RELATIONS O" ANTEROMEDIALSUR"A$E



RELATIONS O" TEPOSTERO MEDIAL SUR"A$E



B- Styloid Process

Stylop$aryngeusmuscleStyloglossusmuscleStylo$yoidmuscle

%nternal &ugular "ein

%nternal carotid artery

Accessory ner"e

'agus ner"e ner"e

Glossop$aryngeal ner"e

(ypoglossal ner"e

A- astoid Process

Sternomastoid mu

Posterior belly odigastric muscle

)- )ontents o carotid s$eat$



RELATIONS O"ANTERIOR BORDER



*ygomatic branc$ oacial ner"e +rans"erse acialartery

Parotid ductand

accessory parotid

,pper buccal branc$ oacial ner"eLoer buccal branc$ oacial ner"e

andibular branc$ oacial ner"e



Ma+toid Proce+

Sterno2a+toid Mu+c,e

POSTERIOR BORDER



T)e Media, BorderSeparate+ antero2edia, andpo+tero2edia, +ur3ace+

and i+ re,ated to 2edia, <a,, o3p)ar.n

MEDIAL BORDER



SUR"A$E MAR&ING

T)e parotid *,and i+ 2ar>ed 4. @oinin*t)e 3o,,o<in* ? point <it) Eac) ot)er/

0/T)e 7r+t point at t)e upper 4order o3 t)e)ead o3 t)e 2andi4,e/

9/T)e +econd point @u+t a4o-e t)e centre o3t)e 2a++eter 2u+c,e/

!/T)e t)ird point po+teroin3erior to t)ean*,e o3 t)e 2andi4,e

?/T)e 3ourt) point on t)e upper part o3 t)eanterior 4order o3 t)e 2a+toid proce++/



PAROTID DU$T T)i+ i+ a t)ic> <a,,ed tu4e It appear+ at t)e anterior 4order o3 t)e

*,and It run+ anterior,. acro++ t)e 2a++eter

%4e,o< t)e acce++or. parotid *,and% <it)t)e .*o2atic 4ranc)e+ o3 t)e 3acia, ner-e/

It i+ 1 c269 inc)e+8in ,en*t) T)e duct pa++e+ t)e 4ucca, pad o3 3at and

pierce+ t)e 4uccop)ar.n*ea, 3a+cia% andt)e 4uccinator+ 2u+c,e to open in to t)e-e+ti4u,e o3 t)e 2out) on a +2a,, papi,,aoppo+ite to t)e 9nd 2o,ar toot).



PAROTID PAPILLA



Parotid Papilla

/pening oParotid 0uct



Relations of The Parotid Gland



• Latera, 6+uper7cia,8 +ur3ace:

• S>in% +uper7cia, 3a+cia/•

Great auricu,ar ner-e• Preauricu,ar 6+uper7cia, parotid8 ,.2p) node+• In-e+tin* ,a.er o3 deep cer-ica, 3a+cia/

• T)e antero2edia, re,ation+: 9 2u+c,e+ and one

4one

• )asseter muscle• (emporomandibular -oint• %osterior border of the ramus of the mandible

• )edial pterygoid muscle.• from anterior border

• zygomatic branch of facial nerve, transverse facial artery,parotid duct, buccal & mandibular branches of facial nerve.



(he posteromedial relations (he mastoid process (he sternocleidomastoid muscle (he posterior belly of the digastric (he styloid process &its attached muscles styloglossus,

stylohyoid &stylopharyngeus & stylohyoid ligament. (he carotid sheath with the I'A,I*/,0&LA#( 1 cranial n.

(he superior relations (he external auditory meatus !ac2 of the temporomandibular -oint (he upper end is pierced by the auriculotemporal n., the

superficial temporal vessels& temporal branch of facial

Lower end or apexemerges from it 3 divisions of retromandibular vein & cervical

branch of facial n.



Structures Within The Parotid Gland

From lateral to medial are

The facial nerve.

The retromandibular vein

The external carotid artery

Deep parotid lymph nodes.

Auriculotemporal nerve

Facial Nerve



Facial Nerve

"merges from the stylomastoid

foramen & enters the gland.

It divides into its 4 terminal

branches which leave the gland on its

anteromedial surface.

1-The temporal, 2-The zygomatic , 3-The buccal: 4-The marginal

mandibular: 5-The cervical:

.



Terminal Branches of The Facial Nerve



Retromandibular ein



It is formed within the parotid gland by the union of thesuperficial temporal & maxillary veins.

It divides into ant. &post. divisions, which leave the lowerend of the gland.

(he anterior division -oins the facial vein to end in INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN .

(he posterior division unites with the posterior auricularvein to form the ETERNAL JUGULAR VEIN.



The !"ternal #arotid $rter%



Parotid L%mph Nodes(hey are situated on or within the parotid gland.

(he superficial no!es receive lymp" from#

(he scalp above the parotid gland

(he lat. #urface of the auricle

(he ant. wall of the external

auditory meatus

Lat. %art of the eyelids

T"e !eep no!es receive lymp" from#

(he ext. acoustic meatus, middle ear,

auditory tube & deeper parts of chee2 .

(he efferent lymph vessels drain into the deep cervical L$.



$e pre-auricular superfcial nodes

0eep Parotid Lymp$ odesinside +$e Gland



BLOOD SUPPLY%LYMPATI$DRAINAGE

!lood supply

The external carotid artery & it terminal

branche!The vein drain into the retromandibular vein!

Lymphatic drainage

"arotid #$ deep cervical #$ !



4xternal carotid and superfcial temporal arteries

4xternalcarotidartery

Parotid

Superfcial +emporalartery



NER(E SUPPLY %arasympathetic

+ secretomotor

The preganglionic %iber: arie %rom the in%! alivarynucleu o% glossopharyngeal nerve to tympanic br!Then tympanic plexu !The nerve %iber reach theotic ganglion via the lesser petrossal nerve & relay!

Postganglionic fibers reach the parotid gland viathe auriculotemporal nerve!

+ympanic Branc$ +ympanic Plexus



%neriorSali"ary ucleu

Glossop$aryngealer"e

y p

er"e o 5acobsony p

Lesser Superfcial Petrosal er"e

'3

/tic Ganglion

Auriculotemporal er"e

Parotid Gland

Superior )er"ical Gangl4xternal )arotid Artery



$LINI$AL ANATOMY

PAROTID S'ELLINGS +$ese are "ery painul due to t$e

underlying nature o parotid ascia.

MUMPS %t is an inectious disease o t$e sali"ary

gland due to "iral inection.



A""E$TION O" "A$IALNER(E 'ITIN TE GLAND



Parotid a4+ce++ )aused by t$e spread o inection rom t$e mout$

ca"ity.an abscess may also orm due to suppurationo t$e parotid lymp$ nodes draining an inected area.

MI#ED PAROTID TUMOUR

Sloly groing lobulated painless tumour it$out t$ein"ol"ement o t$e acial ner"e.

alignant c$ange o suc$ a tumour is indicated by

pain6rapid grot$6fxity it$ $ardness6in"ol"ement ot$e acial ner"e6and enlargement o cer"icallymp$nodes.



+(A7 8/,

parotid gland sameena2011

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