VOL. CLXIX . . . No. 58,502 © 2019 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2019

C M Y K Nxxx,2019-11-05,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

U(D54G1D)y+&!,!?!#!}

BAGHDAD — It started quietlya month or so ago with scatteredprotests. Those steadily ex-panded until last week more than200,000 Iraqis marched in Bagh-dad, raging against the Iraqi gov-ernment and a foreign occupier —not the United States this time,but Iran.

While the current leaders of theIraqi government cower insidethe Green Zone, where officialsrunning the American occupationonce sheltered, the protesters out-side direct their anger against theIslamic Republic of Iran, whichthey now see as having too muchinfluence.

“Free, free Iraq,” they shout.“Iran get out, get out.”

On the streets and in thesquares of Iraq’s capital, in theshrine city of Karbala — whereprotesters on Sunday threw gaso-line bombs at the Iranian Consul-ate — in back alleys and univer-sity hallways, a struggle is takingplace over who will shape thecountry’s future. Iraq, along withLebanon, another heavily Shiitecountry that has been roiled byprotests, is part of a developing re-volt against efforts by Shiite-dom-inated Iran to project its powerthroughout the Middle East.

“The revolution is not anti-American, it is anti-Iran, it is anti-religion — anti-political religion,not religion as such,” said SaadEskander, the former head of theIraqi National Archives.

The protesters, he said, werefed up with corruption and theShiite militias, some of which haveevolved into mafias running ex-tortion rackets. But more thanthat, he added, this is “a revolutionwith a social dimension. In Iraq,patriotism was always political;now it has a social justice compo-

A New SloganIgnites Iraqis:‘Iran Get Out’

By ALISSA J. RUBIN

Iraqi demonstrators near the Green Zone in Baghdad on Monday during antigovernment protests that have grown in intensity.AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

Continued on Page A8

Late Edition

WASHINGTON — The formerUnited States ambassador toUkraine told impeachment inves-tigators last month that she felt“threatened” by President Trumpafter it emerged that he told theUkrainian president she would“go through some things,” addingthat she still feared retaliation.

That was just one detail thatemerged Monday as the House re-leased hundreds of pages of testi-mony from Marie L. Yovanovitch,who was abruptly recalled in Mayand remains a State Departmentemployee, and Michael McKinley,a top diplomat who advised Secre-tary of State Mike Pompeo andhas since retired.

The transcripts also revealedmultiple attempts by Mr. McKin-ley — all unsuccessful — to get Mr.Pompeo to come to Ms.Yovanovitch’s defense in a publicstatement as she was being pub-licly discredited by Rudolph W.Giuliani, Mr. Trump’s personallawyer, and other Republicans.That testimony contradicted Mr.Pompeo himself, who has publiclydenied having heard any con-cerns from Mr. McKinley aboutthe treatment of Ms. Yovanovitch.

“From the time that Ambassa-dor Yovanovitch departedUkraine until the time that hecame to tell me that he was de-parting, I never heard him say asingle thing about his concernswith respect to the decision thatwas made,” Mr. Pompeo told ABCin an interview last month.

The disclosures came on a daywhen Democrats were also con-fronting the limits of their inves-tigative powers, as a new batch ofwitnesses, including the top Na-tional Security Council lawyer, re-fused to appear for scheduled dep-ositions. The lawyer, John A.Eisenberg, played a central role indealing with the fallout at theWhite House from a July 25 callbetween Mr. Trump and PresidentVolodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine inwhich Mr. Trump asked theUkrainians to conduct investiga-tions that could benefit him politi-cally.

Ex-Envoy SaidShe Felt Trump Might Get Even

Fears and Other Detailsin Ukraine Testimony

By NICHOLAS FANDOSand MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT

Continued on Page A11

The woman’s genetic profileshowed she would developAlzheimer’s by the time sheturned 50.

She, like thousands of her rela-tives, going back generations, wasborn with a gene mutation thatcauses people to begin havingmemory and thinking problems in

their 40s and deteriorate rapidlytoward death around age 60.

But remarkably, she experi-enced no cognitive decline at alluntil her 70s, nearly three decadeslater than expected.

How did that happen? New re-search provides an answer, onethat experts say could change thescientific understanding ofAlzheimer’s disease and inspirenew ideas about how to prevent

and treat it.In a study published Monday in

the journal Nature Medicine, re-searchers say the woman, whosename they withheld to protect her

privacy, has another mutationthat has protected her from de-mentia even though her brain hasdeveloped a major neurologicalfeature of Alzheimer’s disease.

This ultra rare mutation ap-pears to help stave off the diseaseby minimizing the binding of aparticular sugar compound to animportant gene. That finding sug-

Alzheimer’s Haunts Her Family Tree. Why Didn’t She Develop It?By PAM BELLUCK Mutation May Reshape

View of a Disease

Continued on Page A19

JOSEPH RUSHMORE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Women leaving a prison Monday in Taft, Okla., in a statewide commutation program. Page A9.Prison Doors Swing Open

When James P. O’Neill becameNew York City’s police commis-sioner in 2016, his challenge wasclear: continue to shift the depart-ment away from aggressive polic-ing tactics, including the “stop-and-frisk” practice, while main-taining historically low crimerates.

Mr. O’Neill announced on Mon-day that he was stepping down,having largely executed thatstrategy, with murder rates atlows not seen since the 1950s. Hefocused on healing relations be-tween the department and minor-ity communities with a policingprogram that sought to build trustbetween officers and residents.

But Mr. O’Neill also came undercriticism from police unions forwhat they saw as his failure to de-fend the rank and file from MayorBill de Blasio’s progressive poli-cies. At the same time, Mr. O’Neillearned the ire of some black andHispanic leaders for delays in dis-ciplining police officers who wereaccused of misconduct.

Perhaps the defining moment

of his tenure came in August whenhe fired Officer Daniel Pantaleo,who had placed Eric Garner in alethal chokehold five years earlier.

At a City Hall news conference,Mayor de Blasio praised Mr.O’Neill for improving ties be-tween the police and some neigh-borhoods.

“He led a transformation thatmany people felt was impossible,”Mr. de Blasio said. “The relation-

Head of New York City PoliceSteps Down After Three Years

By ASHLEY SOUTHALLand ALI WATKINS

James P. O’Neill, left, and hisreplacement, Dermot F. Shea.

DAVE SANDERS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A22

Despite low national approvalratings and the specter of im-peachment, President Trump re-mains highly competitive in thebattleground states likeliest to de-cide the election next year, accord-ing to a set of new surveys fromThe New York Times Upshot andSiena College.

Across the six closest statesthat went Republican in 2016, hetrails Joe Biden by an average oftwo points among registered vot-ers but stays within the margin oferror.

Mr. Trump leads Elizabeth War-ren by two points among regis-tered voters, the same margin ashis win over Hillary Clinton inthese states three years ago.

The poll showed Bernie Sand-ers deadlocked with the presidentamong registered voters, but trail-ing among likely voters.

The results suggest that Ms.Warren, who has emerged as afront-runner for the Democraticnomination, might face a numberof obstacles in her pursuit of thepresidency. The poll supports con-cerns among some Democratsthat her ideology and gender — in-cluding the fraught question of“likability” — could hobble her

candidacy among a crucial sliverof the electorate. And not onlydoes she underperform her rivals,but the poll also suggests that therace could be close enough for thedifference to be decisive.

In national polls, Mr. Trump’spolitical standing has appeared tobe in grave jeopardy. His approvalratings have long been in the low40s, and he trails Mr. Biden by al-most nine points in a nationalpolling average. But as the 2016race showed, the story in the bat-tleground states can be quite dif-ferent. Mr. Trump won the elec-tion by sweeping Michigan, Penn-sylvania, Wisconsin, Florida, Ari-zona and North Carolina — evenwhile losing the national vote bytwo points.

Democrats would probably

Trump Is Remaining Competitive if Not PopularBy NATE COHN Polls Show Tight Races

in Key States YearBefore Election

Continued on Page A15

WASHINGTON — The Trumpadministration formally notifiedthe United Nations on Mondaythat it would withdraw the UnitedStates from the Paris Agreementon climate change, leaving globalclimate diplomats to plot a wayforward without the cooperationof the world’s largest economy.

The action, which came on thefirst day possible under the ac-cord’s complex rules on withdraw-al, begins a yearlong countdownto the United States exit and a con-certed effort to preserve the ParisAgreement, under which nearly200 nations have pledged to cutgreenhouse emissions and to helppoor countries cope with theworst effects of an already warm-ing planet.

Secretary of State Mike Pom-peo announced the notification onTwitter and issued a statementsaying the accord would imposeintolerable burdens on the Ameri-can economy.

“The U.S. approach incorpo-rates the reality of the global ener-gy mix and uses all energysources and technologies cleanlyand efficiently, including fossilsfuels, nuclear energy, and renew-able energy,” Mr. Pompeo said.

Though American participationin the Paris Agreement will ulti-mately be determined by the out-come of the 2020 election, sup-porters of the pact say they haveto plan for a future without Ameri-can cooperation. And diplomatsfear that Mr. Trump, who hasmocked climate science as a hoax,will begin actively workingagainst global efforts to moveaway from planet-warming fossilfuels, like coal, oil and natural gas.

Keeping up the pressure for thekinds of economic change neces-sary to stave off the worse effectsof planetary warming will bemuch harder without the world’ssuperpower.

“Yes, there are conversations. Itwould be crazy not to have them,”Laurence Tubiana, who served asFrance’s climate change ambas-sador during the Paris negotia-

U.S. GIVES NOTICEOF INTENT TO QUITPARIS AGREEMENT

A YEARLONG COUNTDOWN

Diplomats Scrambling toAdjust and Preserve

Climate Accord

By LISA FRIEDMAN

Continued on Page A7

The new Hunters Point Library washailed as an architectural marvel, but ithas accessibility problems. PAGE A21

NEW YORK A21-23

Form Over Function in Queens

The Big Apple Circus is a thrill, even if itsaim feels a bit shaky, Alexis Soloski says.Above, Dasha, feline acrobat. PAGE C7

ARTS C1-8

Cats in the RingAs war recedes, scientists are rediscov-ering the country’s endangered nationaltree — and racing to protect it. PAGE D1

SCIENCE TIMES D1-6

Stalking Colombia’s Wax Palm

Fans watched Martin Scorsese’s epic atBroadway’s Belasco Theater, ahead ofthe film’s arrival on Netflix. PAGE C1

Dazzling Debut for ‘Irishman’

Tehran has been scaling back its nucle-ar compliance in retaliation for Presi-dent Trump’s withdrawal from a 2015agreement. PAGE A8

INTERNATIONAL A4-8

Iran Gets Advanced CentrifugesCompanies are cutting back, rattled bydoubt. Now consumer spending isessentially driving growth. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-7

Consumers Party On

Grasses that have encroached fromelsewhere are more prone to burn thannative shrubs, a study says. PAGE A20

Invasive Grass Faulted in Fires

The team’s point guard situation androster mishmash are a result of man-agement misadventures. PAGE B8

SPORTSTUESDAY B8-11

Knicks’ Lineup ConundrumMartin Scorsese PAGE A27

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27

Works credited to Monet, Picasso andDalí were pulled from one of PrinceCharles’s charities in Scotland. PAGE A4

Forgeries in a Prince’s Custody

Graphene, a one-atom-thick sheet ofcarbon, captivated physics researchersyears ago. It’s back with a twist. PAGE D1

Ultrathin, Ultrapromising

A California plan includes an affordablehousing investment fund and an effortto help first-time buyers. PAGE B1

Apple to Aid Housing Crunch

POMPEO’S PERIL The secretary ofstate has been drawn deeply intothe Ukraine inquiry. PAGE A14

An appeals panel said an accountingfirm must turn over eight years of thepresident’s personal and corporate taxreturns to prosecutors. PAGE A10

NATIONAL A9-20

Trump Loses Ruling on Taxes

Today, cloudy, a bit milder, somerain, high 60. Tonight, becomingclear to partly cloudy, low 41. Tomor-row, mostly sunny, breeze, high 53.Weather map appears on Page A16.

$3.00