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juvenile crime, while the large number of arrests fordrunkenness is also a serious factor in the statistics for1890.

Health of Dublin during March.As compared with February, there were slight increases

in the mortality from whooping-cough, diphtheria, andtyphoid fever ; but in both months the deaths from zymoticdiseases numbered the same-viz., 31.

Death oj a Medical Coroner.Dr. Thomas J. M’Grath, coroner for the East and South

Divisions of Tyrone, died on Tuesday, April 28th, from anoverdose of a narcotic.

The Bishop of Down and Connor, president of the RoyalIrish Academy, has given £500 towards the expense of pub-lishing the "Book of Armagh."An election for a visiting surgeon to Jervis-street Hos-

pital will take place on Thursday, the 7th inst.The Irish Cyclists’ Association will hold a meeting on

May 23rd, in aid of the funds of the Dublin hospitals.Surgeon-General Thomas Farrant, A.M.S., was last week

sworn in as a Justice of the Peace for the County Cork.Dublin, April 28th. -

BELFAST.

Professor Gairdner in Belfast.At a meeting of the Ulster Medical Society, held in the

Museum on Wednesday, April 22nd (the President, Dr.Dempsey, in the chair), Professor Gairdner, who had beeninvited by the Council, delivered an address on "Remedies,New and Old ; Errors and Fallacies; with Suggestions forthe Improvement of Therapeutic Methods." Having thankedthe members for the honour they had paid him, and havingcomplimented Dr. Whitla, the new professor of MateriaMedica, as being the right man in the right place, Dr.Gairdner pointed out how few of them had the means oftesting thoroughly any one great therapeutic advance. Hedeclared that to be compelled to undertake personally acomparative investigation of any one of the scores of newclaimants along certain well-understood lines of progresswould more than exhaust the resources he had at disposalas a teacher and hospital physician in any reasonably limitedperiod. Hence he advocated the cooperation of medicalmen for purposes of unbiased and independent judgment inregard to ne w remedies. In describing the errors and fallaciesattaching to the new remedies, and their application to

disease, it would notappearto them surprising or incongruousif he attempted to point a moral in a few instances fromsome of the older ones. He then referred to thechequered history in the past of mercury and antimony.In reference to the newer remedies, he was afraid, instead ofdiminishing, they were rather adding to the difficulties ofmedical men. He did not think they could possibly over-take the flow of new remedies. Dr. Gairdner then referredto Koch’s new treatment for tuberculosis, saying that, what-ever judgment might be ultimately arrived at on the matter,few of them would be disposed to deny that they were nowin the very trough of a wave of reaction, or rather dis-couragement, from the hopes and expectations entertainedin November last. Criticising the cases recently reportedfrom Berlin, he said the results were less favourable thanthose obtained twenty years ago in the Brompton Consump-tion Hospital. He advocated the principle of scientificcooperation for the investigation of new remedies. A

therapeutic committee sitting in London, or a multitudeof such committees dispersed over the country, wouldbe an education in itself for the persons concerned init, which could not fail sooner or later to leaven theentire profession with a new kind of fellow feeling,and also a sense of responsibility, for the fate of newremedies which was at present greatly lacking with manyof them. In conclusion, Dr. Gairdner asked if they-some-what upon the lines of his discourse-could do anythingtowards initiating or devising a better way of dealing withnew remedies. Dr. Cuming, Professor of Medicine, Queen’sCollege, Belfast, in moving a hearty vote of thanks toDr. Gairdner, spoke in the highest terms of the address,but said that personally he was not so sanguine as the pro-fessor seemed to be as to the advantages to be derived fromcooperative research in reference to the value of new drugs.The vote of thanks was seconded by Dr. Lindsay, andpassed most cordially. In the evening Dr. Gairdner wasentertained at dinner in Thompson’s Restaurant by the

Ulster Medical Society. Dr. Dempsey presided, and therewere over seventy members of the profession present, inaddition to the Mayor of Belfast and the President ofQueen’s College. Dr. Dempsey proposed " The health ofOur Guest, Dr. Gairdner," who, after replying, gave thetoast, "Queen’s College and Belfast Medical School," to whichDr. Hamilton (President) and Professor Cuming replied.Professor Dill proposed "The City of Belfast," and theMayor replied. The health of the President of the UlsterMedical Society was proposed by Dr. Whitaker, medicalofficer of health for Belfast, and Dr. Dempsey responded.An admirable programme of music was excellently ren.dered. Too much praise cannot be given to Dr. McCaw,secretary of the Ulster Medical Society, for the great troubleand pains he took to make the dinner so successful.

The Royal Hospital.I understand the following bequests have been left to

the Royal Hospital: JE500 from Lady Johnston and £1000from Mr. Howard and Mr. Garrett Campbell, being theamount received by them as trustees of the will of the lateHenry Campbell, which trusteeship they have now resigned,

PARIS.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

Cæsarean Section twice successful in the same subject.AT the last meeting of the Academy of Medicine,

M. Crimail of Pontoise recorded the somewhat rare

occurrence of the successful performance twice running ofCsesarean section on the same patient. The woman was a.

dwarf twenty-four years old, whose pelvis, while it bore noevidence of rickets, was, as might be imagined, very muchcontracted. Her first pregnancy took place in 1888, whenshe was subjected to the first operation, and on its suc-cessful issue she was warned as to the consequences of futurepregnancies. Notwithstanding this, she again becamepregnant, and in February of this year it was found neces.sary to subject her once more to this formidable procedure.On this occasion, however, M. Crimail, with a view to pre-venting future pregnancy, ligatured the Fallopian tubes intwo places, and divided them between the ligatures. Shemade an excellent recovery. It may be mentioned thatthe sutures were composed of carbolised silk, and thatthe dressings consisted of iodoform dusted on the wound,and the whole covered with iodoform gauze and cotton woolimpregnated with the same antiseptic. It is interesting,too, to add that both the infants thus brought into theworld survived, and are perfectly well.

,

Illegal Practice of Pharmacy by a Sister of Charity.The Society of Pharmaciens of the Lyons and Rhone dis-

tricts recently instituted a curious indictment against iSister of Charity of illegally practising pharmacy. TheSister, it appears, had a remedy for a rather common com-plaint-viz., anæmia,—and this nostrum she was in thehabit of selling for money amongst her friends, acquaint-ances, and others. The pharmaciens, considering this anencroachment upon their privileges, objected, and insti.tuted legal proceedings. The Court of First Instance took alenient view of the affair, and declined to condemn theamateur pharmacien ; but the Society insisting on an ap-peal, the higher Court responded by fining the Sister asmall sum for illegal practice, and cautioning her as to herfuture conduct.

A Step in Advance.Many things are, no doubt, managed better in France

than on your side of the Channel, but by no means all. Itis true we escape income-tax, but the imposition of this taxcannot be said to contribute to shutting out from our dwell-ings the light and breath of heaven, and the consequentrespiration of a vitiated atmosphere. The tax on doors andwindows which is levied in this otherwise enlightenedcountry may, on the other hand, be fairly held to havethis effect, especially in country and poor districts whereall possible thrift and economy are practised. TheCouncil General of the Gironde is evidently at last of thisopinion, for it has voted that all taxes on doors andwindows should be suppressed as contrary to the dueobservance of the laws of hygiene.

Correction.-In the paragraph headed" Artificial Quinine"in my letter last week an error has crept in which it is de-

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sirable should receive correction. The sentence commencing Ion the ninth line of that paragraph should run thus : " Thebase cuprein contained in the shrub Remijia pedunculata,growing in Brazil, is treated with sodium, then the com-bination thus obtained is further treated with chloride ofmethyl. The product is quinine."Paris, April 28th.

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BERLIN.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

rofessor Koch.IT will be remembered that the Minister of Education

and Medical Affairs freed Professor Koch from his pro-fessional duties during the past winter session, to enablehim to devote his undivided attention to the study of tuber-culosis. The private lecturer, Dr. von Esmarcb, a son ofthe famous surgeon of Kiel, lectured on hygiene in hisstead, and conducted the practical work in the HygienicInstitute. In his speech in the Prussian House of Deputies,the Minister, Herr von Gossler, stated that this arrangementwas only temporary, and that the chair of hygiene shouldafterwards be entrusted to a new ordinary professor, inorder to allow Professor Koch to devote himself exclusivelyto his new institute for the study of infectious diseases.This appointment, however, has not yet been made, owingperhaps to Herr von Gossler’s resignation, and Dr. vonEamarch will take Koch’s place this session also both inthe University and in the Hygienic Institute. The usuallectures on bacteriology, however, will not be delivered.

Death of Dr. Julius Jensen.The eminent alienist, Dr. Julius Jensen, died here last

Friday, aged forty-nine. He was head physician of theEast Prussian asylum of Allenberg for about ten years, andof the great Berlin asylum at Dalldorf for about a year.The most important of his writings are-a treatise on thefurrows and convolutions of the human cerebral hemi-spheres ; investigations into the relations between the cere-brum and mental derangement ; a report on 453 brains ofinsane East Prussians divided and weighed by Meynert’smethod; reports of remarkable observations made at thenecropsies of insane persons, of a case of arrested develop-ment of the tonic sphere, of defects in the parietaland frontal lobes without obvious disturbance of motionduring life, of prenatal scars in the right cerebral hemi-sphere, of a microcephalous skull, &c., an essay on prognosisin mental disease, an answer to the question, " What is themeaning of the word insane ? " an article on insanity withrigidity of muscles in Ersch and Gruber’s Encyclopaedia,and two popular lectures on "Dreaming and Thinking"and on "Djing and Acting."

German Death-rates in the Week ending April 11th.Aix-la-Chapelle, 28-4; Altona, 22’2; Barmen, 19; Berlin,

t8-6; Bremen, 22-8; Breslau, 30-0; Chemnitz, 28-5; Cologne,22-3; Dautzic, 21-9; Dre3den, 23’4,; Dasseldorf, 23-2;Elberfeld, 20-3; Frankfort-on-the-Maine, 19-6; Hamburg,with its suburbs, 19-5; Hanover, 21-3; Konigsberg, 20-4;Krefeld, 23-8; Leipsic, 16-7; Magdeburg, 24-1; Munich,29’0; Nurnberg, 19-3; SDettin, 24-2 ; Strasburg, 28-7;Stuttgart, 21-4..Berlin, April 28ch.

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CANADA.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Montreal Medical Notes.AT the annual Convocation for conferring degrees, held

April 1st, the M.D. C M. degree was conferred upon forty-eight graduates. Of this number nineteen were residents ofthe province of Ontario. The number in attendance in themedical department was 260. The Convocation of Bishop’sCollege Medical School was held on March 31st.

University of Toronto.The examinations in the medical department commenced

on April lst. Daring the session the classes have been wellattended, the register showing : Fourth-year, 65 ; third-year, 60; second-year, 81 ; first-year, 78 ; being a total of281. The sum of$1200 has been offered by seven of thecity banks as endowment of a scholarship in the first year I

in the department of political science. Rebuilding opera-tions are steadily progressing, the roofing-in of the mainportion being nearly completed, while the site of the oldconvocation hall presents evidence of the stonemasons’work in that direction.

Medical 1LP.’s.

Already seventeen doctors have been gazetted membersof the House of Commons-certainly a useful number tosee that the enactments of thab body are of a "healthfulnature." "

Asylums of Ontario.The annual report of the Inspector of the Lunatic and

Idiot Asylums of the province has just been issued. Atthe close of the official year-Sept. 30bh, 1890-there wereupon the books 3318 patients, against 3181 upon the samedate last year. The average number in residence duringthe year was 3266. Comparing this with the numbersgiven in the first report, 1877, there has been a yearlyincrease of 103. Of the 669 admissions during the year256 were of other than Canadian birth.

Medical Health Officer for Toronto.After months of delay the post of health officer for the

city has been filled by the appointment of Dr. H. Allen.The Lakeside Home.

Through the liberality of Mr. J. Ross Robinson thissummer home for invalid children is to be enlarged toaccommodate 250, at a cost of$10,000, thus providing forthe many applicants who, for want of space, have previouslybeen refused.

Medical Missionary Magazine.Not satisfied with supporting a medical missionary in

Corea, the missionary board of the Medical Students’Young Men’s Christian Association of Toronto decided topublish a small magazine, The Medical Missionary, thefirst number of which appeared last month. It is tobe hoped it may be the means of arousing sympathyand of helping this commendable work.April 4th.

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ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.

A COMITIA of the College was held on Thursday last,Sir Andrew Clark, Bart, President, in the chair. Atthis meeting nine gentlemen were elected Fellows of theCollege and nine were admitted to the Membership. Thelists will be found in another column. Licences weregranted to the ninety-seven succe3,llll candidates.A communication was received t’r’ m the Manchester and

Salford Sanitary Association suggesting that the Collegeshould join in the attempt to put the practice of hypnotismunder some restrictions similar to those which affect thepractice of vivisection. It was decided that the lettershould lie upon the table.The President being de3irous of entertaining at dinner

representatives of the International Congress on Hygieneand others in August next, the Fellows resolved to sanctionthe use of the College for that purpose.

After some discussion, it was resolved that the course ofmedical study required for the Licence of the Collegeshould be extended to a period of five years.The report of the Committee on the Midwives’ Regis-

tration Bill was then considered, and although the Bill hasbeen withdrawn, it was thought well to direct that thereport should be printed and sent to members of the Houseof Commons, to the Local Government Board, and to theGeneral Medical Council.

It was announced that Dr. Francis Warner had beenselected as Milroy Lecturer.Reports from the Finance Committee, the Committee of

Management, and the Laboratories Committee were re-

ceived and adopted.

THE DEPUTY-CORUNERSHIP FOR ANGLESEY, vacantby the death of Mr. J. Cemlvn Jones, solicitor, Bangor, hasjust been filled by Mr. R. Jones Roberts, the coroner, whohas appointed Mr. Roland Philip Williams, L.R.C.P. Edin.,Holyhead, his deputy. Mr. Williams is a member for Holy-head on the Anglesey County Council, a member of thestanding joint committee, and has just been re-elected amember of the Holyhead board of guardians.