Parental Grief Expression in Online Support Groups

Jessica Elder, LMSW, LCSWJenna’s Corner Online CommunityChildren’s Brain Tumor Foundation

Today’s Discussion

Intro to CBTF Development of Jenna’s

Corner online community Online group participation

statistics Observations and themes Evaluation and outcomes Online group benefits and

challenges Implications and next steps

Children’s Brain Tumor Foundation National non-profit with support programs for children, families, survivors and the bereaved.

Our mission is to improve the treatment, quality of life and the long term outlook for children with brain and spinal cord tumors through research, support, education, and advocacy to families and survivors.

Initial Online Group Development

Development Plan: Obtained funding and designed online

community Target population: Bereaved

parents/caregivers who have lost a child to a brain or spinal cord tumor

Two facilitators: Jessica Elder, LCSW from CBTF; Laurie Burke, M.S., PhD student from the University of Memphis

Groups: monthly & open for 1.5 hours Format: live chat room in Jenna’s

Corner First group: June 2010 Introduced bereavement groups:

website, database, and outreach

Jenna’s Corner Online Community

A place for parents, survivors, siblings, professionals and others to gain information, peer support and guidance.

JC is sponsored through a generous donation by Jenna's Rainbow Foundation, an organization that supports special projects for critically ill children and their families.

To join JC, follow this link and request membership http://www.cbtf.org/registration

To participate in chat room discussions, follow these steps (next page):

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1. Visit www.cbtf.org2. Log-in to JC

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3. Chat4. Bereaved Parent Chat

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5. Enter Chat Room

Initial Online Group Development: Facilitation

Facilitation Process Monthly advertising:

instructions and reminders through emails, calendar mailings, CBTF website and bereavement facebook community

Facilitation: Welcome, introductions and summarizing content.

Topics: Parent driven

Online Group Participation Statistics

Evaluation Period: 6/2010-2/2012

18 participants from 6/2010-2/2012 (26 total)

19 groups (26 total) Range of participants per group:

1-7 Mean (average number of

participants per group): 3 Regular, returning participants:

6 Participants included 2 fathers Range of time bereaved:

approximately 2 months-11 years

Average length: 81 minutes

Jun-

10

Aug-

10

Oct-1

0

Dec-1

0

Feb-

11

Apr-1

1

Jun-

11

Aug-

11

Oct-1

1

Dec-1

1

Feb-

12012345678

Series 1

Online Group Participation Statistics

Online Group Participation Pattern

Facilitator Observations

Participation: often driven by birthdays, anniversaries, holidays and special events

Topics: influenced by parents present and length of bereavement period

Challenges: presented differently depending on length of bereavement

Beneficial to have parents bereaved for different periods of time in the group (parents have different roles)

Parents were supportive of other parents’ needs and contributed to all topics

Topics most frequently initiated by parents from June 2010-Feb 2012: Parental Grief (adjustment, affect on family

relationships, pain and sadness, anger) Negative Social Situations and Interactions Milestones, Special Events and Holidays Surviving Sibling Grief Coping: Faith and Spirituality, Continuing

Bonds, Support

Online Group Topics

Parental Grief

“I found purpose through my commitment to be a wife and mother,

but don't feel it.”

Change, Adjustment and Finding Purpose

“We are different than other parents-this is a new life.”

“I’m not as happy as I used to be. Things have changed-it’s difficult.”

“I am trying to readjust my life.” “I had purpose when caring for my

son-I feel lost without him.” “Losing our child has changed our

family dynamic and we don’t like it.”

Parental Grief

Challenge of Acceptance “Our loss is the worst…”

[comparing to other types of losses]

“If I accept death, I am dishonoring my son.”

“This is our life, without my son…I can’t reach acceptance. I can’t accept this.”

Vignette: Grief and AcceptanceParent “M” was telling the group that her daughter died 2 weeks after diagnosis and she struggles with acceptance. J and D have been bereaved for longer periods of time:J: M, 2 weeks, I don't know what to say. I had 8 months.D: Wow. I just met another who lost her newborn before he reached a month.M: She had a biopsy the next day, then vitals crashed that night and emergency brain surgery. She never woke up and we took her off life support 10 days later.Laurie Burke: What a terrible ordeal to endure M: That is my biggest problem....acceptanceLaurie Burke: And, you too, J, 8 months is not long at allD: We had four years with J. We feel fortunate.Laurie Burke: Yes, that four years must have helped some to prepare, D, but I also bet you were very, very busy and it must have still been hard to take it all inJessica Elder: I think all of you have unique situations, and all have been so difficult. I'm really glad you are all here together right nowM: She didn’t suffer thank God, but then she had no chance to fight eitherD: Yes, we were very busy. When J learned that he wouldn't make it, he accepted his fate beautifully. And I've found that other children/teens also accept their fate. They all teach us so much.

Parental Grief

Parental Grief

Members Discussed Pain of Grieving:

“I’m tired of living w/out my daughter-I’m tired of not seeing her.”

“It’s a physical separation from the kids we gave birth to.”

“We have the hardest time, when we're alone with our thoughts; alone time is no longer pleasurable for me.”

“What hurts the most is watching my son's loneliness.”

Mourning the loss of potential in children

The pain of watching other parents/children live their lives

“I really miss my child, it's painful.”

Parental Grief

Sadness and Depression

“I am disinterested in what life has to offer…”

“I find it difficult to enjoy life again.”

“I’ve thought about death to be with my child, but would never act on it due to my obligations.”

“My grief makes me negative.”

“I feel isolated.”

Waiting “I feel stuck…my grief

seems worse.” “Nothing has changed.

When will it get better?” “I thought this got

easier…I’m waiting.” “It’s been one year and

my grief feels exactly the same.”

Parental Grief

Triggers of Anger & Where Anger is Directed

Child’s diagnosis Responses and reactions

from others “I’m angry when others

forget about my child or don’t acknowledge her.”

GOD and/or church community

Lack of focus/progress in brain tumor research

“My anger was with everything at first.”

Parental Grief

Anger Around What Could Have Been…

“Our children are missing out on so much.”

The children should be, could have been, etc.…

“My anger is with what cancer took away from my son.”

“How could they take his life away-his potential?”

“He should be here with us.”

“Life is so unfair”

Describing Grief Experience and Seeking Normalization Describing Grief An “unpredictable rollercoaster” “Grief bursts” and moments that “blind side” Specific, detailed reference to time when

describing loss: “It has been 280 days since….”

Is my grief normal?

Parental Grief

Parental Grief

Grief and Relationships

Grief and its effect on marriage/relationships

Relationship challenges: not receiving needed support from spouse

Differences in male/female grief Positive effects on relationships

“Our relationship has strengthened.”

Working through differences-changing expectations of spouse

“Learning that males and females grieve differently had a positive impact on our relationship.”

“I feel so lonely” [due to grieving differently than spouse]

Vignette: Grief and RelationshipsThis session included one father and two mothers. D and J have been bereaved for longer periods of time. The topic of male/female grief was initiated:J: I found that I grieved more during the journey and my wife did more grieving after.Laurie Burke: oh that's interesting, JM: J, me and my hubby grieve so differentlyJessica Elder: M, that seems to be a very common feeling...M: in the beginning that was really hard on our marriage...the different grieving. I find that with many of the parents I talk with, sometimes one or another of the parents are upset that the grieving is different.Laurie Burke: Yes, it is a common experience that people grieve differently and that's something we could sure discussD: That seems to be universal. My husband and I grieve differently, too. D: We have gotten used to that.Jessica Elder: It seems to take time to learn each others' grieving differences

Parental Grief

Parental Grief

Recognition of How Grief Changes and Progresses

“Is the first year the worst?” “Second year is just as difficult

as the first, for different reasons.”

“In the second year, we realize that our loss is permanent.”

“I now have more good days than bad.”

“My grief lifted slow and steady.” [parent bereaved for 11 years]

“I’m not in a fog anymore.”

“I think I'm moving in a positive direction”

Parental Grief

Hope and Looking for the Positive: “I found strength from my son

and how he fought cancer-I want to live by his example.”

“We learned not to take life for granted-he was taken in an instant.”

“It's essential to remember that I'm not alone.”

“Grief has shaped me.”

Negative Social Situations and Interactions

Feelings around reactions and statements from others

Anger at others due to responses, reactions, ignorance and insensitivity

Feeling rejected due to responses from others

“You're so strong” Dissatisfaction with others’

inability to offer appropriate support

“Others have expectations for me to be OK.”

“Society’s expectations of me are overwhelming.” [in reference to dealing with the holidays]

“Not everyone gets it.”

Challenges: Answering questions: “How many children do you have?” Talking about loss with family/friends: “People don’t want to

hear about my sadness.” Discomfort in social situations: “Socialization is difficult-I have

to pretend to be happy or OK.”What Helps: Recognizing that grief is unique and personal, and cannot be

guided by the expectations of others “I learned who my real friends were and only talk to them.” “I’ve learned not to care what others think.” “It helps to lower your expectations of others.”

Negative Social Situations and Interactions

Vignette: Frustration with Others’ ResponsesThree mothers discussed their frustration with how others respond to them: L: I guess the thing I hate the most is people saying how strong I amJ: people just don’t get it.C: how about "I don't know how you do it?” Like we have a choice?L: yeah hate that one tooL: my response was "denial"Jessica Elder: this topic has come up many times in the past, and we have even talked about writing a book to educate the public because of the large amount of ignorance...J: about people saying how "strong" you are - my husband and I like to say this about that.....when people say how strong you are its like watching someone getting tossed around in the surf at high tide on the beach and commenting that they are such a great swimmer. Not only do comments like that hurt b/c we had no choice but to walk this path but they magnify how much people do not understand our lives, our loss and what we are going through.

Negative Social Situations and Interactions

Negative Social Situations and Interactions

Supportive Responses From Others

Support from medical staff during end of life and after

Support from friends School’s acknowledgement of child

(yearbook, special event, recognition) “I feel comforted when my son’s

friends talk about him.” “I love it when someone walks into

my home and asks about my daughter.”

“I like it when others say my child’s name.”

“I like when others can allow me to talk about my

child.”

Milestones, Special Days and Holidays

Challenges: Milestones and Special Days

Anticipation and fear of birthdays and anniversaries

Sadness and anger during birthdays and anniversaries (especially for newly bereaved)

Challenge of life events and milestones (watching classmates)

“She’ll never have one.” [wedding]

Family occasions: “Vacations are hard.”

“The fourth anniversary took my by surprise.”

Holiday Challenges Anticipating/dreading all holidays [especially newly

bereaved members] Halloween is hard too [forgotten holiday] Obligation to celebrate for surviving sibling Feeling obligated to celebrate due to family pressure Mourning past love for the holidays and what they could

have been like this year (son reaching the age where he would have been trick-or-treating, sitting on Santa’s lap, etc.)

Watching others enjoy the holidays

Milestones, Special Days and Holidays

Milestones, Special Days and Holidays

Coping… Discussion around how to cope “Having a plan for the day helps.” Staying connected to my child on

special days (Christmas: fill stocking, writing letters, place at table, etc.)

Making dreaded days special “I gave my son a pendant on the

day he outlived his big brother.” Creating memorials and

fundraisers on special days help

“Birthdays and anniversaries are special and sacred. Not many people

understand their significance.”

Vignette: Coping with the Holidays DiscussionThree mothers discussed the approaching holidays during a September group. J has been bereaved for 2 years while L and C have been bereaved for one year or less:J: The holidays are horrible.Jessica Elder: J, looking back, is there anything you wish you could have done differently during the holidays?L: oh I know the holidays will be hard...I have Christmas, her birthday, her death, my birthday, and her diagnosis date all within one monthJ: In that first year, I tried to just put one foot in front of the other, everyday, and trudge through the thick, sad fog of life.J: OMG LJessica Elder: wow LC: J was right, you have to lower y0ur expectations of yourself. Just getting thru a day is such a challengeJ: Looking back, I would not have pressured myself in any way to participate in life for the benefit of anyone but myself.L: So feeling like your just going through the motions is normal?J: I would have burned all of those f-ing (sorry again) holiday cards plastered with pictures of people’s kids as soon as they arrived. (why someone would send that to a person who has just lost a child I will never understand)J: If you are even going through the motions that's good.C: I felt I had to do everything the same as always for the other kids but nobody's heart was in it. I know!!! those cards!!!J: those cards. I hate them.

Milestones, Special Days and Holidays

Surviving Sibling Grief

Challenge of Observing Surviving Sibling Grief

Child/teen grief: “Is he grieving?”

Difficulty of watching surviving child grieve and suffer

“I’m worried about losing my son too…”

Pain of observing one sibling without the other: “He lost his brother and best friend.”

“My son isn’t happy anymore-he needs help. He misses his brother”

Surviving Sibling Grief

Parenting/Supporting Grieving Children

Wondering if surviving children’s grief is “normal”

Questions: “Does he talk about his brother?”

Surviving child anger: “My son is taking out his anger on me and I don’t know how to help him.”

Challenges of parenting a grieving teen

Difficulty of knowing difference between normal grief and teen behavior

Supporting grieving children Strategies: “I need to model that it’s

OK to talk about his brother.”

“How do I know if he is OK?”

Surviving Sibling Grief

Hope “Four years later, I

think he's basically happy and healthy.”

Grief has positively shaped our children

Benefit of grief counseling and camps

Benefit of volunteering

Vignette: Surviving Sibling GriefTwo Mothers discuss surviving sibling grief and challenges. C has been bereaved for 4 years, while J has been bereaved for one year:J: I can see it in my son also, the anger. With him we have a hard time knowing if he is trying to 'cut the strings' so to speak or if he is grieving. Laurie Burke: With your son, it's probably a bit of bothC: How old is your son? Is he the only one here with you now?J: 18 and yep. He was stuck with us the first 6 years and now...C: My son D lost his only sibling, too. He's 16.J: He is heading to college in the fall. How old was he when your son died? Driving now...C: And, yes, it's very difficult to tell the difference between grieving and normal teen stuff.C: My son was 12 when his brother died. In 6th grade.C: Four years later, I think he's basically happy and healthy. Jessica Elder: It is very hard to tell what is teen stuff, but when bereaved parents share situations there seem to be a lot of common experiences that bereaved teens share...C: Where is he going to college, and for what?J: It's difficult to watch them suffer isn't it. My son was always worried about his sister being in pain and he asked constantly from diagnosis on when she would die. Our doc was really great with him.Jessica Elder: That's good J-it's important that he was supported by so many others during this time and I'm sure it made a huge difference, even if he can't quite articulate that

Surviving Sibling Grief

Coping: Faith and Spirituality

Faith, Beliefs &Religion Have Been Shaped By Loss:

“My faith has been shaped by loss.”

“I get less out of worshipping now.”

“My faith was tested.” “I am trying to use my

religion/faith, but need to re-adapt it.”

Anger toward GOD (in the beginning)

Making sense of GOD's role

“I find myself praying to my child much more than GOD.”

Coping: Faith and Spirituality

Using Faith and Spirituality to Cope

“Faith in afterlife helps me to cope.”

“Knowing I will be with my son again is comforting.”

“I’m bothered when people don’t believe in afterlife.”

“I’m hoping for a bigger purpose. I can't cope without faith.”

Envisioning child in heaven Comfort in knowing child is in “the

next life”

“Faith is a key element to my acceptance”

Vignette: Faith and Spirituality DiscussionTwo mothers started a discussion of the role of faith and spirituality in dealing with grief:D: I think it's the most important part. What else do we have except the belief that our children are flourishing in the next life?P: right DJessica Elder: and spirituality is related so many things…for example, it ties in with having conversations with your child. It is behind so much of the grieving processD: Yes, it validates these conversations that we have.Laurie Burke: Are there any specific things that either of you would like to know more about it relation to spirituality's role in bereavement? Not saying I have answers but I'd like to know what answers are neededD: We who have lost our child definitely have a firsthand grasp on life after death.P: I can't live in a world without faith. I may not understand it or agree with it, but there must be a bigger purpose to it all, to what happened. If not that would be the biggest disappointment. At one compassionate friends meeting, I heard a bereaved mom say that she no longer prays to God or Jesus, just to her deceased sonLaurie Burke: For those who are spiritually inclined, it is the way we make meaning, especially following something as devastating as the loss of a childP: I find that I sometimes pray to M, and JesusD: Losing a child is such a difficult experience, and I hesitate to upset anyone's belief........sometimes we just hang on by a thread...........and I don't want to sever that for anyone.Laurie Burke: yes, true....but on the other hand, your faith might also provide strength and solace for othersD: P, I, too, found myself praying to J much more than to God.

Coping: Faith and Spirituality

Coping: Continuing Bonds

Continuing Bonds

Praying to child Having conversations

with child Wishing for dreams Looking for connections Looking for signs Sharing stories of feeling

connected

“Our children are always right here with us.”

Fearing loss of bond… Fear of forgetting memories Fear of time passing and children becoming

further from memory Fear of forgetting any details about child Fear of others forgetting child Fear that subsequent children will cover up

memories

Coping: Continuing Bonds

Coping: Continuing Bonds

Using Continuing Bonds to Cope

Envisioning child active in parent’s life

Keeping the child alive: “We have photos everywhere.”

Writing letters Feeling that a dying person is

a connection to child Attending special events (i.e.

prom) to imagine child there.

“The best therapy is to never forget.”

Vignette: Validating Continuing BondsTwo mothers discussed how they maintain their bonds:F: I do talk to her, I ask her for signs. I want that for all of us [in my family]. My son is just so sad. Laurie Burke: Well, F, people who find maintaining a continuing bond helpful, use a variety of means to do soLaurie Burke: Some ways people keep an ongoing bond are everything from keeping close at hand a photo or other article of clothing or item that was special to the loved one, or maintaining a facebook page, or keeping and listening to a voice recording, or even simply talking to the personD: I gave my son a pendant with J’s picture on it, on the day he outlived his big brother. He wears it constantly.Jessica Elder: That's a sweet idea D-glad it helps him stay connectedF: I'm not embarrassed to admit we have photos everywhere, I will talk to anyone who will listen about her. It makes me cry which bugs them but its really ok, and I sleep with her stuffed frog. Now you all know I’m strange.D: I really feel that our angel children are with us all the time. I talk to J all the time.Laurie Burke: hahaha....NO, sorry, F....you are actually quite normal!Jessica Elder: no F-not at all! You and many others do these exact same thingsD: You're not strange. If you DIDN'T do those things, you would be strange!!!

Coping: Continuing Bonds

Coping: What Helps Us

Motivation

Honoring child’s wishes helps Identifying positive experiences

resulting from grief (new friendships, experiences, realizations)

Teaching others about grief: “It would help if we knew others were being educated.”

“Family is my motivation to move forward.”

“My child is my motivation to live.”

“My family made a promise to stick together and get through it.”

Coping: Support that Helps

Support and Community Involvement

Staying connected with the brain tumor and cancer community

Grief resources: counseling, hospice support programs, grief camps, support groups (if specific to child loss)

Writing/journaling Reading grief books Church and community support Fundraising and memorial events:

“Projects help me to not feel so alone.”

Volunteering, facilitating support groups, mentoring: “It helps me to support others.”

“It is essential to remember that I am not alone.”

Accessing Support

Some Reported Challenges of Accessing Support: “We have to schedule our

grief.” (grief affects participation).

Fear of feeling worse when listening to others’ stories

Feeling as if nothing will help

Group Process

How the Group Process Works: Parents seek validation and

normalization: “Is this normal?” “Did you feel this way?” “Is it strange that I…?”

Parents feel understood: “You get me.”

Parents can tell their stories, listen and provide mutual support

Seeking suggestions and answers: “How do I cope with this? ”

Parents offer hope by sharing how their grief has progressed and what has helped: “I remember feeling exactly how you felt.” “This is what helped me…”

Parents offer support to new parents/newly bereaved

“My grief lifted slow and steady.”

Vignette: The group processTwo newly bereaved mothers talk to a mother who has been bereaved for 5 years (G). G: J would have been 20 yesterday. On Mar. 10 we observe 5 years. That's when he died.B: Oh so close together. Hard days, I imagine.G: I'm glad they're close together.G: I'm in the midst of eleven very special days. But of course, very few people understand that.B: I guess you get them over with at the same time? K - you mentioned getting professional help for your child. Do you know of resources in your area?B: D - sounds like after 5 years, you are in a different place than some of us. Do tell what you mean about11 special days.K: I am sure we do but I never realized until now that it has all surfaced.... he misses N terribly but kept it all inG: I feel that our family has adjusted to being a family of 3. And I take many cues from my son D. I feel so much better when he's happy. G: K, it's only been 1 year. That's not very long.G: Getting through that first year is an incredible accomplishment.

Group Process

Group Process

Expressed Appreciation

“It helps to be listened to.” “I like having a captive

audience.” “I do feel better.” “Telling my story helps.” “I’m glad I joined tonight-I’m not

angry anymore.” Appreciation for getting

resources, information and support from facilitators and parents

Humor: finding a moment to laugh

“It’s just nice to be with people who get me.”

Humor in the Chat Room

General Humor (non-grief related topics)

Sarcasm Making fun of others’

offensive statements (turning anger into humor)

Making fun of challenges

Humor in the Chat Room

Vignette: Humor in the chat roomMothers A and D discuss anticipation of Christmas. A talks about using humor to cope with the holidays:A: What I have found rather unbelievable lately is all of the families who manage to live life and avoid the tragedy we could not. Every time I open an xmas card this year with someone's smiling kids plastered on it, I am in awe of how they have managed to live such a life. As far as soothing myself this holiday season I have been turning to humor more than before. I am actually laughing at things (dark humor, admittedly) that should probably make me cry. (Hopefully, this is not a sign that I have lost my mind). People just constantly say such insensitive, stupid things to me so, this season, I have just been finding those things so out of line that it actually makes me laugh a bit. D: The photo cards with 2, 3, 4 kids are difficult, that's true.A: Seriously. Not sure why people think those cards are appropriate to send to bereaved parents but it’s just another act of insensitivityJessica Elder: A, I don't think you lost your mind-I've heard others say this and if you're laughing, that's great. As for the cards, very good point to make. I'm sure it's exhausting, irritating, sad to open each card and then have to deal with the "why would they do that" questionA: Yes, Jessica, and as an example of my newfound odd humor, last year I think I went more into the "why would they do that" whereas this year I open the card (occasionally I criticize it - not nice, I know) and roll my eyes at how dumb people can be.

Evaluation ResultsAn evaluation tool was sent to 18 bereaved parents (groups June 2010-Feb 2012).

10 question evaluation via Survey Monkey

14 out of 18 parents completed the survey (78% response rate)

Why did you participate in a live, online chat? Please check all that apply I wanted to meet other bereaved parents=12 (85.7%) I wanted to feel supported=7 (50%) I wanted to talk about my grieving experience=7 (50%) I wanted to talk to or get support from professionals=6 (42.9%) I wanted to learn more about grief=6 (42.9%) I had a specific concern or question about grief (for example, a concern around a

grieving sibling or a family issue)=2 (14.3%)

Other Responses: I wanted to feel less alone and isolated. I was curious about other parents’ processes with Brainstem Gliomas. Still

searching for etiology and cure. I wanted to know if anyone knew of a chance of a cure.

I wanted to hear other bereaved parents’ way of handling grief

Evaluation Results

13/14 (92.9%) felt that the online groups helped them in some way. 1 parent felt that the group might have helped for “a moment.”The online chat(s) helped me because I (please check all that apply): Met other parents who shared a similar experience=12 (85.7%) Felt supported by other bereaved parents=9 (64.3%) Had the opportunity to talk about my loss in a safe environment=9 (64.3%) Felt comforted during the chat=7 (50%) Felt supported by professionals=7 (50%) Felt comforted during the chat and for some time after=6 (42.9%) Gained knowledge about my grieving experience=6 (42.9%) Received answers or information=5 (35.7%) Gained information about grief resources and support services=4 (28.6%)

Other: I was curious how others are coping but most interested in interactions with

medical teams and what each parent did…the course of action to try and help their child.

Had another opportunity to reach out and help others.

Evaluation Results

13/14 (92.9%) parents felt less isolated after participating in the live, online chat. I felt less isolated after participating in a live, online chat because (please check all that apply): I was connected to other bereaved parents=10 (71.4%) My feelings and experiences were understood by others=10 (71.4%) I was able to talk to talk to the facilitators= 7 (50%) I was able to explain my experiences to a group that listened=7 (50%) N/A I did not feel less isolated: 1 (7.1%)Other I was able to support others I felt less isolated in that realm but still felt isolated in my daily life. Our children had a similar diagnosis. Still looking for thread...etiology,

cure, etc.

Evaluation Results

I like online groups because (please check all that apply): They are supportive=11 (78.6%) They are convenient=10 (71.4%) I like accessing information and services via internet=3 (21.4%) I do not like to be emotional in front of others=3 (21.4%) There is not much support available where I live=2 (14.3%) It is easier to write about my experiences, rather than talk about them=2

(14.3%) I like being anonymous=1 (7.1%) I do not like in-person groups=1 (7.1%) N/A I did not like the online group=0

Other: I prefer face to face groups I really thrive in group experiences They utilize the internet in a helpful, productive way (even though I don't

particularly like the internet!! )

Evaluation Results

Results suggest that parents would participate more often if (please check all that apply): More topic based discussions were available=5 (35.7%) They were offered on different days=4 (28.6%) They were offered at different times=4 (28.6%) More parents participated=4 (28.6%) There were more chats available=2 (14.3%)

Other: I will likely continue participating if I am free It is just a schedule thing for me. I have actually set my calendar and

still forget I would want to make sure those in the groups were somewhat further

along than me and were being proactive role models.

Evaluation Results

Additional Results to Consider: 11/14 (78.6%) felt the online groups can help

them cope with their grief. One parent responded “Perhaps [groups help me to cope] -I don’t want to regress but it feels good to talk about my daughter.”

9/14 (64.3%) felt they learned something about their grief

Evaluation Results

Online Group Benefits

Benefits for parents presented during evaluation discussion. Benefits for Facilitators: Reward of observing parent

connections and mutual support Reward of providing a helpful service Observation of parents finding hope,

purpose and happiness following loss Learning about the grief experiences Convenience (can be facilitated any

time, remotely) Reach families in all states Unique intervention taking

advantage of modern technology Can use facilitation skills used in in-

person support groups Meaningful, rich content through

writing

Online Group Challenges

For parents, the following might be challenges: Participation is unpredictable: parent

connections may or may not continue depending on participation

Participation number varies and influences flow of group (small groups versus large)

Speed of conversation Difficult for parents uncomfortable with typing

or internet Following several conversations at once Expression through writing/typing can be

misunderstood (sometimes nature, tone or mood of writing is unknown)

May not be the right fit for a parent’s individual needs

Chat rooms might have slower responses if internet is not working properly (otherwise fast)

Username/name confusion Not accessible to parents without internet

Online Group Challenges

For Facilitators: Advertising/Outreach Unpredictable number of participants; not

knowing what to expect. Focusing on each member’s needs while

addressing each topic presented Speed of message delivery and pace of

conversation: typing fast to respond and keep conversation flowing

Sometimes responses don’t occur immediately (for unknown reason-is parent thinking, writing, taking a break, upset, etc.?)

Monitoring comfort of members (facial expressions and tone unknown)

Being thoughtful about responses in writing Potential for misunderstandings through

writing Confusing usernames and keeping track of

real names

How do we address challenges?

Collaboration

Co-facilitation helps!

Planning

Challenges: keeping up with introductions, private conversations, username/name confusion, & speed of messages.Dec 13 2011 - 8:55pm Jessica Elder: Welcome!Dec 13 2011 - 8:55pm C: Very excited to be joining you tonightDec 13 2011 - 8:55pm D: Good Evening. I am here in LA and lead a group in an hour but would like to join you for awhile.Dec 13 2011 - 8:56pm Jessica Elder: D, you are welcome to join us for as long as you'd like.Dec 13 2011 - 8:56pm Jessica Elder: C, I'm glad you made it!Dec 13 2011 - 8:56pm C: Thank you for your help last night - I appreciate itDec 13 2011 - 8:57pm D: Thank you. I sent you my application for the Jan. 21st event today.Dec 13 2011 - 8:57pm Laurie Burke: Greetings from Memphis , everyone!Dec 13 2011 - 8:57pm Jessica Elder: Any time. A few others should be joining us shortly. Sometimes people join a little late as well. Would the two of you like to introduce yourselves and share a little about your situations? Whatever you feel comfortable sharing?Dec 13 2011 - 8:57pm Jessica Elder: Hi Laurie-everyone, Laurie is my co-facilitator and she joins me each monthDec 13 2011 - 8:58pm C: Hi Laurie - welcome - Jessica was kind enough to help me set up last night - This is a wonderful outlet for usDec 13 2011 - 8:59pm Laurie Burke: Nice to meet you, CB!Dec 13 2011 - 9:00pm jfott2000: Hi EveryoneDec 13 2011 - 9:00pm Jessica Elder: Welcome J! we were just welcoming 2 new members

Online Group Challenges

Private Conversati

ons

Introductions

Speed

Username: jfott2000 vs.

name

7 groups have been facilitated since February 6 new first-time parents (26 parents total reached) New first-time parents include newly bereaved, and

parents bereaved for up to 10 years Parents’ roles are evolving (newly bereaved in June 2010

are now acting as mentors) Average number of participants per group is growing (8

parents participated in a recent group) Last group co-facilitated by Laurie Burke and Jessica Elder

took place in July 2012. Jessica is now co-facilitating with bereaved parent mentors.

Groups March 2012-Present

Implications and Next Steps

Continue online group intervention! Provide more groups as attendance

grows Provide topic-based groups Groups for fathers Professional guest facilitation (email

me if you are interested!) Co-facilitation with parent mentors Consider timing of groups Improve online community features

and access Consider parent grief topics when

providing all support services Literature review and research

Questions and CommentsThank you for your time!

Jessica Elder, LMSW, LCSWChildren’s Brain Tumor FoundationBereavement Program Managerjelder@cbtf.org