parasitology. helminthology platyhelminthes (flat worms) nematohelminthes (round worms) trematoda...
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ParasitologyParasitology
Helminthology
Platyhelminthes(Flat worms)
Nematohelminthes (Round worms)
Trematoda (Flukes)
Ceastoda(Tape worms)
Nematoda
Define:Disease:-
Class Class CestodaCestoda
(Tape Worms)(Tape Worms)
Cestoda
D.HI.S.
I.H. D.S
Taenia solium & Taenia saginata
In this course we study:
Hymenolepis nana & Hymenolepis diminuta
Echinococcus granulosus.
Hymenolepis Hymenolepis nana nana
& & Hymenolepis Hymenolepis
diminutadiminuta
Name:Name: Hymenolepis nanaHymenolepis nana Hymenolepis Hymenolepis diminutadiminuta
Definition:Definition: Dwarf tapeworm Rat tapewormDistributionDistribution::
Cosmopolitan
Disease:Disease: HymenolepiasisPathogeniciPathogenicity:ty:
•Usually asymptomatic.• In case of severe, heavy infection there may be abdominal pain, enteritis and diarrhoea.
• Anaemia & nervous symptoms can occur in children.
• Generally there is no effect on the host.
Hymenolepis Hymenolepis nananana
Hymenolepis Hymenolepis diminutadiminuta
Habitat:Habitat:
Definitive Definitive host:host:
IntermediatIntermediate host:e host:
Diagnostic Diagnostic stage:stage:
Hymenolepis Hymenolepis nananana
Hymenolepis Hymenolepis diminutadiminuta
Infective Infective stagestage::
Mode of Mode of infectioninfection::
TreatmentTreatment::
Adult worm of Hymenolepis nana
• Adult worm is small thread like, 2-3 cm in length.
• It consist of over 100 segments all of which are broader than long.
* Uterine branches is hardly visible. *Each segment 1 mm wide.
Gravid segment of Hymenolepis diminuta
) 1 (Mature segment (2) Gravid segmentof Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana Scolex
• The scolex has four suckers which are not visible in this plane of focus (two are marked by *), and an armed rostellum that is clearly visible.
• The scolex has four suckers. • (two are marked by the *), but no hooks [absence of an armed rostellum].
Hymenolepis diminuta Scolex
EchinococcuEchinococcu
s granulosuss granulosus
NameName:: Echinococcus granulosusEchinococcus granulosus
DefinitionDefinition:: Dog tape worm , or hydated tape worm.
DistributionDistribution:: In the Mediterranean region
DiseaseDisease:: Echinococcosis , unilocular hydated cyst.
MorphologyMorphology:: • Scolex: with 4 suckers and a double hook crowned rostellum.• The rest of the body consists of 3 proglottides giving the worm a length of 2.5-9 mm.
Echinococcus granulosus
Habitat:Habitat:
Definitive Definitive host:host:
IntermediatIntermediate host:e host:
Echinococcus granulosus
Diagnostic Diagnostic stagestage::
Infective Infective stagestage::
Mode of Mode of infectioninfection::
Echinococcus granulosus
TreatmentTreatment::
PreventionPrevention::
When the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus are ingested by the intermediate host, eggs hatch in small intestine giving the hooked embryo which penetrate intestinal mucosa and enters the blood circulation.
If the embryo escapes phagocytosis it resides in any tissue, lose its hooks and transforms to a cyst which is 10 mm in diameter. This process may take 5 months.
Echinococcosis , unilocular hydated cyst
The cyst is composed from an external laminated
hyaline membrane followed by a germinal layer.
The cyst is filled with a sterile fluid.
Brood capsules are found inside the cyst,
consisting of only germinal layer and
protoscoleces. Ruptured capsule give thousands of
protoscoleces at the bottom of the cyst, that is the
hydated sand.
Hydated cysts can occur in bones, lungs, liver,
brain or kidney.
Adjacent organs are affected due to presence of the
cyst beside the inflammatory reaction against it.
Cyst can cause blood vessels erosion and
haemorrhage.
Removal of the cysts must done with care; sever
allergic reactions or even dissemination of the
hydated sand in the rupture. Cyst rupture could
happen also in response to cough or muscle strain.
Adult worm of Echinococcus granulosus
It is the smallest cestode; composed only from 3 segments (proglottides).
Hydated sand