paraphrasing ppt

ParaphrasingParaphrasing

““WRITE IT IN YOUR OWN WORDS” WRITE IT IN YOUR OWN WORDS” A paraphrase is………A paraphrase is………

Your own sentences in your own Your own sentences in your own words of the essential information and words of the essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. presented in a new form.

One way to borrow from a source One way to borrow from a source (when quoting).(when quoting).

A detailed restatement, not a A detailed restatement, not a summary, which focuses on one main summary, which focuses on one main idea.idea.


Paraphrasing is a valuable skill Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because …….because …….

It is better than quoting. It is better than quoting. It helps you control the temptation to It helps you control the temptation to

quote too much. quote too much. The mental process required helps The mental process required helps

you grasp the full meaning of the you grasp the full meaning of the original quote.original quote.


Six steps to Effective Paraphrasing: Six steps to Effective Paraphrasing: 1. Re-read the original passage until you 1. Re-read the original passage until you understand the full meaning. understand the full meaning. 2. Set the original aside and write your 2. Set the original aside and write your paraphrase on a note card. paraphrase on a note card. 3. Jot down a few words below your 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to help remind you on how you paraphrase to help remind you on how you wanted to use the text. At the top of the wanted to use the text. At the top of the note card, write something to remind you note card, write something to remind you of the topic of the paraphrase. of the topic of the paraphrase.


Continue………Continue………

4. Compare your notes to quote to make 4. Compare your notes to quote to make sure it is accurate. sure it is accurate.

5. Use quotation marks to identify any 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phrase. unique term or phrase.

6. Be sure to record your sources on your 6. Be sure to record your sources on your paper or note card. paper or note card.

ParaphrasingParaphrasingExampleExample:: Source:Source:

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final research paper. Probably quotations in the final research paper. Probably only about 10% of your final paper should appear only about 10% of your final paper should appear as direct quoting. Therefore, you should strive to as direct quoting. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of quoting while taking notes.limit the amount of quoting while taking notes.Lester, James D. Lester, James D. Writing Research PapersWriting Research Papers. 2. 2ndnd ed. ed. (1976): 46-47(1976): 46-47

Paraphrasing: Paraphrasing:

In research papers, students often quote too In research papers, students often quote too much, failing to keep quoting down. Since the much, failing to keep quoting down. Since the problems usually originates during note taking, it problems usually originates during note taking, it is important to minimize the materials recorded. is important to minimize the materials recorded. (Lester 46-47) (Lester 46-47)

SummarisingSummarising

““Putting down the main ideas of Putting down the main ideas of someone else’s work in your own someone else’s work in your own words”.words”.

A summary is always shorter than the A summary is always shorter than the original since the idea is to include only original since the idea is to include only the main points of the original work and to the main points of the original work and to leave out the irrelevant.leave out the irrelevant.

Continue…Continue…….….

Summarising is a valuable skill Summarising is a valuable skill because …….because …….

It is better than quoting. It is better than quoting. Delete trivial unnecessary informationDelete trivial unnecessary informationDelete redundant material.Delete redundant material.The mental process required helps The mental process required helps

you grasp the full meaning of the you grasp the full meaning of the original quote.original quote.

Summarising

Seven steps to Effective SummarisingSeven steps to Effective Summarising

1.Read the article.

2. Re-read the article. Underline important ideas. Circle key terms. Find the main point of the article. Divide the article into sections or stages of thought, and label each section or stage of thought in the margins. Note the main idea of each paragraph if the article is short.

3. Write brief summaries of each stage of thought or if appropriate each paragraph. Use a separate piece of paper for this step. This should be a brief outline of the article.

4. Write the main point of the article. Use your own words. Be careful not to use the author's words or to follow the sentence structure of the original passage. This should be a sentence that expresses the central idea of the article as you have determined it from the steps above.

5. Write your rough draft of the summary. Combine the information from the first four steps into paragraphs. Make sure that you are faithful to the meaning of the source and that you have accurately represented the main ideas.

6. Edit your version. Be concise. Eliminate needless words and repetitions.(Avoid using "the author says...," "the author argues...," etc.)

7. Compare your version to the original.

Be sure your summary answers Be sure your summary answers the following questions:the following questions:

What does the text say?What does the text say? How does it say it?How does it say it? What does the text mean?What does the text mean? So what?So what?

SummarisingSummarising

ExampleExample Source:Source:

The amphibia, which is the animal class to which The amphibia, which is the animal class to which our frogs and toads belong, were the first animals our frogs and toads belong, were the first animals to crawl from the sea and inhabit the earth.to crawl from the sea and inhabit the earth.

Summary:Summary:

The first animals to leave the sea and live on dry The first animals to leave the sea and live on dry land were the amphibia.land were the amphibia.

Paraphrasing and Paraphrasing and SummarisingSummarising

THE ENDTHE END