parallelism: avoiding faulty parallelism
DESCRIPTION
Parallelism: Avoiding Faulty Parallelism. Faulty parallelism usually results when you join nonmatching grammatical forms. Parallelism with Coordinating Conjunctions. The coordinating conjunctions are and , but , for , or , nor , yet , and so . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Parallelism: Avoiding Faulty Parallelism
Faulty parallelism usually results when you join nonmatching grammatical
forms.
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Parallelism with Coordinating Conjunctions
• The coordinating conjunctions are and, but, for, or, nor, yet, and so.
• To avoid faulty parallelism, write the words that accompany coordinating conjunctions in matching grammatical forms.
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Example
• NO: Love and being married go together.
• YES: Love and marriage go together.
• YES: Being in love and being married go together.
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Parallelism with Correlative Conjunctions
• Correlative conjunctions are paired words such as not only…but (also), either…or, and both…and.
• To avoid faulty parallelism, write the words joined by correlative conjunctions in matching grammatical forms.
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Example
• NO: Differing expectations for marriage not only can lead to disappointment but also makes the couple angry.
• YES: Differing expectations for marriage not only can lead to disappointment but also can make the couple angry.
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Parallelism with Than and As
• To avoid faulty parallelism when you use than and as for comparisons, write the elements of comparison in matching grammatical forms.
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Example
• NO: Having a solid marriage can be more satisfying than the acquisition of wealth.
• YES: Having a solid marriage can be more satisfying than acquiring wealth.
• YES: A solid marriage can be more satisfying than wealth.
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Effectively Integrating Sources into Your
WritingBlending information and
ideas from others with your own writing
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Integrating Sources• Before trying to
integrate sources into your writing, you need to have analyzed and then synthesized the material.
• Analysis requires you to break ideas down into their component parts so that you can think them through separately.
• The best time to do this is while you’re reading your sources and taking content notes.
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Integrating Sources
• Synthesis requires you to make connections among different ideas, seeking relationships and connections that tie them together.
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Using Quotations Effectively
Quotation--the exact words of a source enclosed in
quotation marks
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Quotations• Although quotations provide
support, you can lose coherence in your paper if you use too many quotations.
• If more than a quarter of your paper consists of quotations, you’ve probably written what some people call a “cut and paste special”--merely stringing together a bunch of quotations.
• Doing so gives your readers--including teachers--the impression that you’ve not bothered to develop your own thinking, and you’re letting other people do your talking.
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Quotations• Avoid using quotations
that are too long.• Readers tend to skip
over long quotations and lose the drift of the paper.
• Your teacher might assume that you just didn’t take the time to paraphrase of summarize.
• If you do need to quote a long passage, make absolutely sure every word in the quotation counts.
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Guidelines for Using Quotations
• Use quotations from authorities on your subject to support or refute what you write in your paper.
• Never use a quotation to present your thesis statement or topic sentences.
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Guidelines for Using Quotations
Select quotations that fit your message. Choose a quotation only in
these cases:• Its language is particularly appropriate or distinctive.
• Its idea is particularly hard to paraphrase accurately.
• The authority of the source is especially important to support your thesis or main point.
• The source’s words are open to interpretation.
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Guidelines for Using Quotations
• Never use quotations in more than a quarter of your paper. Instead, rely on paraphrase and summary.
• Quote accurately. Always check each quotation against the original source--and then recheck it.
• Integrate quotations smoothly into your writing.
• Avoid plagiarism.• Enter all documentation precisely and carefully.