paper & board packaging; properties, …legacy.iica.int/eng/regiones/caribe/guyana/iica office...
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Paper & Board Packaging; Properties,
Specifications & Sourcing
Executing/Host Partner:
Session 3:
Supporting Partners:
Workshop: Procurement of Packaging for ExportsGuyana, April 19-23, 2010
Supported with funding from:
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Paper & Board Packaging
specifications
Product considerations:
• Type/nature of the product: solid, liquid, etc.
• Quantity/weight/volume to be packed
• Critical attributes/characteristics of product
• Filling/packing method and conditions
• Product protection requirements – physical,
climatic, biological, security, etc.
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Commercial Considerations:
• Quantities required/ordered
• Delivery required/agreed
• Packing & shipping instructions
• Pricing, if agreed
• Delivery clauses/insurance/terms of
payment
Paper Board and Packaging
specifications
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Paper & Board Packaging Specifications
Technical Considerations:
• Designation of the pack (type, style, if known)
• Pack raw material(s): grade, quality, weight
• Construction of pack, if known
• Relevant dimensions & tolerances
• Special features/properties/accessories
• Graphic design/printing/decoration required
• Applicable standards & test methods
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Measuring paperboard
Paper and Board Specification Concerns
Cellulose fibre sources and significance of fibre length
Fibre directionality and related physical properties
Common paperboard grades
Paperboard properties
Paperboard packaging styles
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Source Fibre length
hardwoods 2mm
softwoods 4mm
straw, bagasse < 2mm
recycled paper wide range, depending on source
Sources of Cellulose Fibre
Physical properties of paperboard such as tear strength,
burst strength, fold ability and stiffness increase as fibre
length increases
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Mechanical economical
(ground wood) high fibre degradation
environmentally unstable,
poor colour
relatively weak papers
Chemical extraction costly
low fibre degradation
with sulphate makes strongest papers,
(Kraft process) environmentally stable
Paper Fibre Extraction (Pulping)
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Bleaching: increases whiteness and brightness
causes some loss of strength
Brightness:
not the same as whiteness
measured on an arbitrary scale of 1 to 100
brighter papers provide more brilliant printing
paper of brightness 78 to 85 most commonly
used in packaging applications
Paper Bleaching and Brightness
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Top liner: bleached
short fibre furnish
Fillers: low quality recyclate
Bottom liner: recycled newsprint
Typical construction of single white-lined newsback board
Bottom under-liner:
longer fibre recyclate
Under-liner: bleached
longer fibre furnish
Example of Cylinder (Vat-lined) Board
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Common Name Description
Chipboard mostly low quality recycled paper
Bending chipboard mostly recycled with some longer fibre
Lined chipboard (SWL) single white lined for one side print
(DWL) double white lined for two side print
Clay coated newsback (CCNB) SWL with a gray newsback liner
Solid, unbleached (SUS) 100% chemical pulp
sulphate (may contain hardwood pulp)
Solid bleached sulphate (SBS) 100% bleached chemical pulp
Common Paperboards
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coated unbleached coated unbleached virgin fibre
unbleached kraft unbleached virgin wood fibre
CNB clay coated newsback
coated newsback variations of SWL board
coated recycled
greyback
duplex
Term Description
food board typically highly sized SBS
Other Paperboard Terms
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Paper Directionality
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Paper is stiffer when bent across the grain (MD)
than along the grain.
Stiffness and Grain Direction
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MDMD
Paper is stiffer folded across the grain (MD) than
along the grain
Folding and Grain Direction
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Tear strength across the grain (MD) is higher than
along the grain
Longer fibre length increases cross-grain tear strength
MD tearMD
CD tear
Tearing and Grain Direction
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All paper properties change with moisture content
Paper expands and contracts with moisture changes
typically 0.8% in MD and 1.6% in CD
Papers gain or lose moisture due to ambient humidity
Paper is always tested under standardized conditions
230 Celsius and 50% R.H.
Hygroscopic Behaviour of Paperboards
Dimensional changes can cause register problems
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
% Relative Humidity at 24 C (75 F)oo
MoistureContent %
Paper Moisture Content
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Paper/foil laminate at 40% R.H.
Paper/foil laminate at 80% R.H.
Paper/foil laminate at 20% R.H.
Humidity Change & Paper Curl
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Folding boxes tube styles tray styles
&cartons baskets novelties
Set-up boxes cannot be knocked down flat (KDF)
Liquid containers gable top Tetrapak /Combibloc,etc.
Fibre cans spiral wound convolute wound
Carded displays blister packs skin packs
Paperboard Constructions
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Corrugated Board Box for Bottled
Water
Corrugated board with
re-applied offset-
printed
paper liner, for 24 PET
water bottles.
Print carries brand
name,
bar code and implies
tropical -sourced pure
water
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Folding carton for Tea, Tanzania
Standard-tuck
folding carton with
foil liner for export
tea bags.
Offset print carries
product data, bar
code, use-by date
and Standards
Bureau (TBS)
Certification
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Paperboard basket for fresh produce
Flexographic
printed, lined,
Ventilated
corrugated board
box with clip-on
plastic handle, for
fresh peaches
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Set-up box with tray, for tea, China
Rigid set-up
box with
separate lid
and divided
tray, for
ginseng tea
bags
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Liquid holding cartons, Prismapak style
Paper/plastic
film/foil cartons,
VFFS type, for
processed soup
and fruit juice,
with security seal
and pour feature
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Wound paperboard drum for salt, France
Spiral-wound
board drum
with plastic or
cork lids and
security seal
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Card blisterpack for saffron, Spain
Paperboard
hanging card
with PET
blister
containing high
value saffron.
Theft and
tamper
resistant
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Up to 1/2 lb. (230 g) 0.015 to 0.018 (380 to 450 mm)
1 lb. (450 g) 0.020 to 0.024 (500 to 600 mm)
2 lb. (900 g) 0.028 to 0.032 (700 to 800 mm)
Over 2 lb (>900 g) consider using E- or F- flute corrugated
Superficial characteristics of paperboard :
Colour and brightness Opacity Sizing level
Smoothness Gloss Cleanliness
Product weight Suggested paperboard caliper
Selection of Paperboard
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structural design
finishing operations
CAD sample
one-up die
art dept.
production die
machine test
approved art
colorseparation
printing plates
pressmake-ready
production printing
diecutting
digital proofs
mechanical proofs
sign-off
sign-off pressapproval
Typical Carton Production
Sequence
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Depth
Manufacturer's joint
Width
Front panel (principal display panel)
Manufacturer's joint
Working crease
Working crease
Rear panel
Tube-Style Carton Nomenclature
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Incorrect grain direction Correct grain direction
Grain crossing the corner creases contributes to panel
flatness
Tube-Style Cartons - Grain Direction
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PDP
Standardreverse tuck
PDP
Frenchreverse tuck
PDP
Straight tuck
PDP
Airplane tuck
Tuck-End Carton Styles
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Press-Sheet Utilization
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Offset LithographyRepresents the bulk of carton printing production
RotogravureUsed where printing run lengths justify high initial plate cost
FlexographyUsed for board cases and plastic films; not often for cartons
Improved quality has encouraged carton printing applications
Hot-stamp printing, embossing, windowing etc. are
off-line operations that require separate preparation
Carton Printing and Decorating
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Inch Gauge Mil Micrometre
0.001 inch = 100 gauge = 1 mil =25 mm
0.0005 inch = 50 gauge = 1/2 mil = 13 mm
0.002 inch = 200 gauge = 2 mil = 51mm
Metric measure definitions (ISO) & conversion factors:
“Micron” is an abbreviation for micrometre
One inch = 25.4 millimetres and
0.001 inch = 25.4 micrometres
Paper & Board Thickness Measurement