palm oil composition

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Palm oil and fractions Palm oil and fractions WAI-LIN, SIEW and JOHARI MINAL MPOB WAI-LIN, SIEW and JOHARI MINAL MPOB OFI Middle East 2007 OFI Middle East 2007

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Page 1: Palm Oil Composition

Palm oil and fractionsPalm oil and fractions

WAI-LIN, SIEW and JOHARI MINAL

MPOB

WAI-LIN, SIEW and JOHARI MINAL

MPOB

OFI Middle East 2007OFI Middle East 2007

Page 2: Palm Oil Composition

PALM OIL INDUSTRYPALM OIL INDUSTRY--RM31.8b, RM31.8b, PLANTED AREA 0F 4.17m hectares, PLANTED AREA 0F 4.17m hectares,

production of 15.9 m production of 15.9 m tonnestonnes oil.oil.

Page 3: Palm Oil Composition

Oil Palm BunchFruit spiklets

KernelsBunch weight 20-30 kg

Oil per bunch20-30%

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Page 4: Palm Oil Composition

The PALM OIL optionThe PALM OIL option

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Page 5: Palm Oil Composition

PALM OILPALM OIL-- A BALANCED A BALANCED OILOIL

•• 50% SATURATED50% SATURATED•• 50% UNSATURATED50% UNSATURATED

Page 6: Palm Oil Composition

Fractionation of palm oilFractionation of palm oil

PO

Ol 56St 33

Sp ol64-65Soft pmf

45

Hard Pmf 36

Mid ol54

POOl 62St 40

st25 pmf48

POSt 30-45 Ol 56-64

Hard st15-25

Sp ol63-70

Soft pmf42-50

Hard pmf34-42

Mid ol54-56

Source:Kellen, M,

Page 7: Palm Oil Composition

FameFame Palm Palm Super PalmPalm Palm Super PalmOil Oil Olein Olein OleinOlein StearinStearin

C12:0 0.2C12:0 0.2 0.20.2 0.3 0.10.3 0.1--0.30.3C14:0 1.1C14:0 1.1 1.11.1 1.01.0 1.11.1--1.71.7C16:0 44.0 40.9 35.4 49.8C16:0 44.0 40.9 35.4 49.8--68.168.1C18:0C18:0 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.94.5 4.2 3.8 3.9--5.65.6C18:1 39.2 41.5 45.1 20.C18:1 39.2 41.5 45.1 20.44--34.434.4C18:2C18:2 10.1 11.6 13.4 5.010.1 11.6 13.4 5.0--8.98.9C18:3 0.4 0.3 0.3 C18:3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.10.1--0.50.5C20:0 0.4 0.2 0.3 C20:0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.30.3--0.60.6

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PALM FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL PRODUCTSOIL PRODUCTS

Page 8: Palm Oil Composition

Positional distribution of fatty acids in Positional distribution of fatty acids in palm oil and palm oleinpalm oil and palm olein

19.93.3

66.323.8

13.772.9

Palm oleinsn-2Position1,3

17.54.3

61.925.2

20.670.5

Palm oilsn -2Position 1,3

linoleicoleicSat FA

Page 9: Palm Oil Composition

Total and positional distribution ofTotal and positional distribution offatty acids in PMFfatty acids in PMF

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Page 10: Palm Oil Composition

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0102030405060708090

sat FA monounsaturated polyunsaturataed

type of fatty acids in sn2 postion

cont

ent o

f FA

olive oil

palm olein

palm oil

Page 11: Palm Oil Composition

Triacylglycerol composition of palm oilTriacylglycerol composition of palm oil

TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt%All 0 db 7.4 All 1 db 36.8 All 2 db 34 All 3 db 16.1 All>3 db 5.6PPP 5.1 MOP 0.9 POO 20.3 OOO 4.4 LOO 1.8PPSt 1.2 POP 23.7 StOO 2.4 POL 4.1 OLO 1.2PStP 0.3 POSt 5.7 OPO 1 PLO 5.6

PPO 4.4 PLP 6.5PStO 0.2 StLP 1.6

Page 12: Palm Oil Composition

TRIGLYCERIDES OF PALM OIL TRIGLYCERIDES OF PALM OIL PRODUCTS(C No.)PRODUCTS(C No.)

C. No Palm Palm Super Palm C. No Palm Palm Super Palm Oil Oil Olein Olein OleinOlein StearinStearin

C46C46 0.80.8 0.80.8 0.20.2 3.13.1C48C48 7.4 7.4 3.33.3 1.9 23.71.9 23.7C50C50 42.642.6 39.539.5 30.8 40.330.8 40.3C52C52 40.540.5 42.742.7 53.4 25.353.4 25.3C54C54 8.88.8 12.8 13.6 6.912.8 13.6 6.9C56C56 -- 0.70.7 0.2 0.50.2 0.5

Page 13: Palm Oil Composition

Two important physical Two important physical properties of palm oilproperties of palm oil

( ./0 �*+ 1 �� " 1 2" 1 (

� .34 5�6 /( 4

Page 14: Palm Oil Composition

5 15 25 35 T/C5 15 25 35 T/C

Palm oilPalm oil

oleinolein

stearinstearin

Hpo(43)Hpo(43)

Hard stearinHard stearin

shorteningshortening

10 10

3030

5050

7070

9090

Solid fat contents of palm oil productsSolid fat contents of palm oil products

Page 15: Palm Oil Composition

Morphology of CrystalsMorphology of Crystals

αααααααα SmallSmall

ββββββββ’’ Small, Small, ≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈5 5 µµµµµµµµm, needlem, needle--likelike

ββββββββ large, course, as large as 50 large, course, as large as 50 µµµµµµµµm orm ormore, dense, flatmore, dense, flat

ββββββββ’’ TENDINGTENDING

Page 16: Palm Oil Composition

TWO TYPES

• IV 56 – 60

• IV >60

TWO TYPES

• IV 56 – 60

• IV >60

Page 17: Palm Oil Composition

Fatty acid composition(wt%) of palm olein

Fatty acid composition(wt%) of palm olein

IV C14 C16 C18 C18-1 C18-2

<60 1.0 37.9 4.1 43.4 12.5

60-64 1.0 34.8 3.8 45.5 14.2

>65 1.0 30.8 3.6 47.9 15.4

Page 18: Palm Oil Composition

58 60 62 64 66 6858 60 62 64 66 6822

44

66

IODINE VALUESIODINE VALUES

CLOUD PT (C)CLOUD PT (C)

Super oleinSuper olein

Page 19: Palm Oil Composition

58 60 62 64 58 60 62 64 66 6866 68IODINE VALUEIODINE VALUE

00

2020

4040

6060

SFC AT 2.5 AND 5CSFC AT 2.5 AND 5C

Super oleinSuper olein

Page 20: Palm Oil Composition

SFC of palm oil and oleinsSFC of palm oil and oleins

SFC of palm oil and olein

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

temperature C

SF

C %

palm oil

palm olein

super olein

Page 21: Palm Oil Composition

Typical specifications of palm Typical specifications of palm olein for snack food fryingolein for snack food frying

� FFA <0.05%� PV <1� M&I <0.1%� COLOUR <3R� FLAVOUR BLAND� SMOKE POINT 220-240C

Page 22: Palm Oil Composition
Page 23: Palm Oil Composition

15 - 3718:1

3 - 1018:2

4 - 618:0

47 - 7416:0

Range(wt%)Fatty acids

Fatty Acid Composition ofPalm Stearins

Page 24: Palm Oil Composition

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Page 25: Palm Oil Composition

SFC of palm stearinsSFC of palm stearinsSFC of palm stearins

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

temperature C

SF

C %

Palm stearin

PMF hardPMF soft

Hard Stearin

Page 26: Palm Oil Composition

PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTIONPROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION

Fatty Acid Composition (%)Fatty Acid Composition (%)C12C12 0.10.1C14C14 0.80.8C16C16 56.656.6C18C18 4.14.1C18:1C18:1 34.434.4C18:2C18:2 3.73.7C20C20 0.30.3

Page 27: Palm Oil Composition

C NOC NO %%

C46C46 1.11.1C48C48 5.55.5C50C50 76.176.1C52C52 16.416.4C54C54 1.01.0

TRIGLYCERIDETRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITION OF PMFPMF

Page 28: Palm Oil Composition

PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTIONPROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION

Iodine valueIodine value 34.634.6Slip melting pointSlip melting point 33.533.5°°CC

Solid fat content Solid fat content °°CC1010 90901515 85852020 80802525 63633030 42423535 334040 00

Page 29: Palm Oil Composition
Page 30: Palm Oil Composition

TOCOPHEROLS/ TOCOTRIENOLS TOCOPHEROLS/ TOCOTRIENOLS IN OILSIN OILS

TOCOPHEROLTOCOPHEROL-- RICHED RICHED

SOY, CORN SOY, CORN COTTONSEED, COTTONSEED, SUNFLOWER, SUNFLOWER, RAPESEEDRAPESEED

TOCOTRIENOLTOCOTRIENOL--RICHEDRICHED

PALM,PALM,WHEATGERM, WHEATGERM, RICEBRANRICEBRAN

Page 31: Palm Oil Composition

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Page 32: Palm Oil Composition

αααααααα--tocopheroltocopherol 21.521.5ββββββββ--tocopheroltocopherol 3.73.7γγγγγγγγ --tocopheroltocopherol 3.23.2δδδδδδδδ--tocopherol 1.6tocopherol 1.6

αααααααα --tocotrienoltocotrienol 7.37.3ββββββββ--tocotrienoltocotrienol 7.37.3γγγγγγγγ --tocotrienoltocotrienol 43.743.7δδδδδδδδ--tocotrienoltocotrienol 11.711.7

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Scavengers of free radicals

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Page 33: Palm Oil Composition

CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN CRUDE PALM OILCRUDE PALM OIL

TYPETYPE %%

PHYTOENEPHYTOENE 1.31.3ββββββββ CAROTENE CAROTENE 5656αααααααα CAROTENECAROTENE 3535LYCOPENELYCOPENE 1.31.3OTHERSOTHERS 6.46.4

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Page 34: Palm Oil Composition

Novel palm productsNovel palm products--nutroleinnutrolein� + ��������������9������)�<������������

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Page 35: Palm Oil Composition

400 525 800

Page 36: Palm Oil Composition

Why choose palm oil?Why choose palm oil?� Price consideration� Functionality� Trans-free formulations� Stability� Consistent supply� Healthy, natural oil� Contains vitamin E, sterols, � Unique in composition� Variety of products

Page 37: Palm Oil Composition