palestinian-israeli conflict dbq - ms....
TRANSCRIPT
Part B
Document-Based Question Essay
Directions: Write a well-organized two paragraph response that addresses both questions below.
Theme: Conflict
Task:
Guidelines:
In your essay, be sure to Develop all aspects of the task Use at least four documents Support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and detail Incorporate relevant outside information Use a logical and clear plan of organization, including an introduction and a conclusion that
are beyond a restatement of the theme
Conflicts between peoples often have multiple causes and effects.
Describe the causes of the Israeli-Palestinian conflictDiscuss the impacts of the conflict on both Israelis and Palestinians
Document 1
Source: The Avalon Project, Yale University
According to the Sykes-Picot Agreement, what did Britain and France promise to Arab people?
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The Sykes-Picot Agreement: 1916
It is accordingly understood between the French and British governments: That France and Great Britain are prepared to recognize and protect an
independent Arab states or a confederation of Arab states (a) and (b) marked on the annexed map, under the suzerainty [leadership] of an Arab chief.…
That in the blue area France, and in the red area Great Britain, shall be allowed to establish such direct or indirect administration or control as they desire and as they may think fit to arrange with the Arab state or confederation of Arab states.
That in the brown area there shall be established an international administration, the form of which is to be decided upon after consultation with Russia, and subsequently in consultation with the other allies, and the representatives of the Shereef of Mecca.
Document 2 This Letter, to Lord Rothschild, by the British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour, became known as the "Balfour Declaration". The letter was published a week later in The Times (London) of London.
According to the Balfour Declaration, what did Britain promise to Jewish people?
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How does this clash with the Sykes-Picot Agreement that the British signed in 1916?__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Foreign OfficeNovember 2nd, 1917
Dear Lord Rothschild:
I have much pleasure in conveying to you. on behalf of His Majesty'sGovernment, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet:
His Majesty's Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.
I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledgeof the Zionist Federation.
Yours,Arthur James Balfour
Document 3a
Immigration of Jews to Palestine/Israel (1919-1970)
Document 3b
According to these documents, identify two specific reasons large number of Jewish immigrants moved to the Palestinian/Israeli region between 1920 and 1970.
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Document 4
Excerpts from the Israeli Declaration of Independence (1948)
Source: David Ben-Gurion. “Israeli Declaration of Independence”, 1948.
According to David Ben-Gurion, why does he think Jews needed a homeland in Israel?
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The Land of Israel was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped….After being forcibly exiled from their land [by Ancient Rome], the people kept faith with it throughout their Dispersion and never ceased to pray and hope for their return to it and for the restoration in it of their political freedom.
…Jews strove in every successive generation to re-establish themselves in their ancient homeland. In recent decades they returned in their masses…
…In the year (1897), at the summons of the spiritual father of the Jewish State, Theodore Herzl, the First Zionist Congress convened and proclaimed the right of the Jewish people to national rebirth in its own country.
This right was recognized in the Balfour Declaration of the 2nd November, 1917…
The catastrophe which recently befell the Jewish people - the massacre of millions of Jews in Europe - was another clear demonstration of the urgency of solving the problem of its homelessness by re-establishing in Israel the Jewish State, which would open the gates of the homeland wide to every Jew and confer upon the Jewish people the status of a fully privileged member of the comity of nations.
Survivors of the Nazi holocaust in Europe, as well as Jews from other parts of the world, continued to migrate to Israel….
…This right is the natural right of the Jewish people to be masters of their own fate, like all other nations, in their own sovereign State.
We extend our hand to all neighbouring states and their peoples in an offer of peace and good neighbourliness, and appeal to them to establish bonds of cooperation and mutual help with the sovereign Jewish people settled in its own land. The State of Israel is prepared to do its share in a common effort for the advancement of the entire Middle East.
Document 5
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine/Israel
Based on the United Nations Partition plan, how could this cause conflict between Jews and Arabs?
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Document 6
Source: Fred J. Khouri, The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, 1968
According to Fred J. Khouri, how did the creation of Israel impact Palestinian communities?
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Immediately after the UN General Assembly passed the partition resolution on November 29, 1947, serious clashes broke out between the Arab and Jewish communities in Palestine...some 30,000 upper- and middle-class Arabs left Palestine for safer areas...As the fighting spread and intensified, many more thousands of frightened Arabs fled their homes to escape areas of combat....After April 1, 1948, the Arab exodus accelerated as a result of several successful Jewish military offensives into Arab-inhabited territories and terroristic attacks by the Irgun and the Stern Gang (two Jewish guerilla groups) against Arab civilians, like the massacre of 250 men, women, and children in the village of Deir Yaseen, to spread panic among the Arabs and to cause them to flee whenever Jewish forces approached.... After May 15, many Arabs in combat areas fled their villages. Israelis claimed that their leaders had ordered them to leave until they could return with the victorious Arab armies. The Arabs denied this.
(Later) the Israeli authorities used both military force and psychological warfare to compel as many Arabs as possible to leave their homes because this would: (l) lessen the danger of Arab espionage and threats to Israeli lines of communication; (2) provide desperately needed land and buildings for the Jewish immigrants pouring in; (3) weaken the neighboring Arab states and interfere with their military efforts by forcing them to cope with a vast and unexpected refugee problem....and (4) give Israel a "trump card" which could be used in future political bargaining.
Document 7
Source: David Margolik. “Endless War”. New York Times, 2008.
According to David Margolik, how did the 1948 Arab-Israeli war impact Palestinians?
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…And then there were the Palestinians, who had watched in horror over the past 75 years as these aliens first trickled, then poured, into their homeland. Were he an Arab leader, David Ben-Gurion once confessed to the Zionist official Nahum Goldmann, he, too, would wage perpetual war with Israel. “Sure, God promised it to us, but what does that matter to them?” he asked. “There has been anti-Semitism, the Nazis, Hitler, Auschwitz, but was that their fault? They only see one thing: We have come here and stolen their country.”
…The first Arabs who left their homes did so on their own, expecting to return once the Jews lost or the fighting stopped. The Jewish mayor of Haifa begged Arab residents to stay; Golda Meir, then head of the Jewish Agency Political Department, called the exodus “dreadful” and even likened it to what had befallen the Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe. While Jewish atrocities — notably, the infamous massacre at Deir Yassin — were very real, apocalyptic Arab broadcasts induced further flight and depicted as traitors those who chose to stay behind.
But once the Palestinian exodus began, Jewish leaders, struck by their good fortune, first encouraged it, then coerced it, then sought to make it stick. After all, the country needed room for Hitler’s victims, as well as for those Jews fleeing Arab countries….
…Matters took another turn in May 1948, when the British left, Israel declared statehood and the armies of Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq marched in. Again, for all their numerical superiority, the Arabs were ill-equipped, inexperienced, unprepared…
Within five and a half months, they were crushed, militarily and psychologically.…Only King Abdullah of Jordan, with the best (British-trained) army and limited objectives (not to destroy the Jewish state, but to annex the West Bank), got what he wanted. Meanwhile, Israel grew beyond the partition lines, gained more defensible borders and — by destroying Arab villages — further reduced the Palestinian population.
Document 8
Timeline of Arab-Israeli Military Conflicts
May 15, 1948
Israel War of Independence (1948 War). Declaration of Israel as the Jewish State; British leave Palestine; Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia declared war on Israel. Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian invasion began.
April 3, 1949
Armistice - Israel and Arab states agree to armistice. Israel gained about 50% more territory than was originally allotted to it by the UN Partition Plan.
Oct. 29, 1956
Suez Crisis. Egypt’s President Nasser nationalizes (takes control of) the Suez Canal from British and French control. Israel invades the Sinai peninsula and occupies it for several months, with French and British collaboration.
May, 1964 PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) founded with the aim of destroying Israel.
May, 1967 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser closes the straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping and dismisses UN peacekeeping force. Negotiations with US to reopen the Straits of Tiran fail.
June 5-10,1967
6-day war. Israel destroys the Egyptian air force on the ground, conquers and occupies Sinai and Gaza, then conquers the West Bank from Jordan, and Golan Heights from Syria.
Oct. 6, 1973
Yom Kippur War (October War). In a surprise attack on the Jewish holiday of atonement, Egypt retook the Suez canal and a narrow zone on the other side. Syria reconquered the Golan Heights. Following massive US and Soviet resupplying of the sides, Israel succeeded in pushing back the Syrians and threatening Damascus. In Sinai, the IDF crossed the Suez Canal and cut off the Egyptian Third Army.
March 26, 1979
Peace treaty signed between Egypt and Israel.
Source: Reproduced by permission from the MidEastWeb Brief History of Israel and Palestine at http://www.mideastweb.org/briefhistory.htm. 2002-2005.
Based on the timeline above, how did the Arab-Israeli Wars impact Israel?
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Document 9
Based on the document above, how did the Israeli-Palestinian conflict impact Palestinians?
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