palestine why is the arab-israeli conflict described as multifaceted? this land is my land…

PALESTINE

Why is the Arab-Israeli conflict described as multifaceted?

This Land is My Land…

Constant Fight… In modern times, Arabs and Jews have

been in almost constant fight over the land of Palestine.

A Palestinian boy carrying a slingshot ducks to avoid rubber bullets fired by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank town of Ram Allah in March.

Religion’s Role in World Conflicts“It’s not that simple!”

Israel &Palestine

IraqKashmir

The Three Major Conflicts

Palestinian Land?

This Land Is My Land“MANDATE FOR PALESTINE” THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF JEWISH RIGHTS ELI E. HERTZ

The two most significant events leading to the creation of a Jewish National Home

Founding of modern Zionism

Benjamin Ze'ev (Theodor) Herzl

May 2, 1860 – July, 3 1904

Balfour Declaration

The British Foreign Office,

November 2, 1917 OR JewishHomeland?

Zionism Zionism was an important movement

around the 1800’s. – The idea that Jews all around the world

should return to their ancient homeland.– The idea was supported by many Jewish

intellectuals and politicians. Small Problem… The area was already

inhabited by Palestinian Arabs.

Remember?…


Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl

“Oppression and persecution cannot exterminate us. No nation on earth has survived such struggles and sufferings as we have gone through.

“Palestine is our ever-memorable historic home. The very name of Palestine would attract our people with a force of marvelous potency.

“The world will be freed by our liberty, enriched by our wealth, magnified by our greatness. And whatever we attempt there to accomplish for our own welfare, will react powerfully and beneficially for the good of humanity.

“The idea which I have developed in this pamphlet is a very old one: it is the restoration of the Jewish State.

Pamphlet: "The Jewish State.” (1897)

Founding of modern Zionism


Balfour Declaration

The Balfour DeclarationThe British Foreign Office, November 2nd, 1917

Dear Lord Rothschild,

I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.

“His Majesty’s Government view with favour the

establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.”

I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

Signed by Arthur James Balfour


League of Nations Came into force in Geneva on January 10, 1920

Established to:

Avoid future wars.

Guarantee the nations peace & security.


July 24, 1922“Mandate for Palestine”

51 member countries – the entire League of Nations – unanimously declared:

“Recognition Has Been Given to the Historical Connection of the Jewish People with Palestine and to the Grounds for Reconstituting their National Home in that Country.”

Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia,

Brazil, British India, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia,

Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El

Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Guatemala,

Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Japan, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats

and Slovenes, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway,

Panama, Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Poland, Portugal,

Republic of China, Romania, Siam, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,

Uruguay, Venezuela.

Mandate- an official order or commission to do something; to administer

a territory.


Mandate for Palestine - The British Mandate

Confused

?A Trust – “Mandate for Palestine”“The Mandates of the League of Nations have a special status in international law. They are considered to be trusts, indeed ‘sacred trusts.’”

Professor Rostow Trustee (Mandatory) – Great BritainGreat Britain was entrusted by the League of Nations with the responsibility to administer the area delineated by the “Mandate for Palestine” in accordance with the provisions of the articles of the Mandate.


1920 – Original Mandate Territory

Assigned to the Jewish National Home


1922 - Final territory in which the Jewish National Home was to be reconstituted.


The British Mandate Gave…

•The Jews a national homeland

•Just and legal occupation in Palestine

•Political, religious, and civil rights

•Made Jewish settlements legal

•Original mandate gave Jews the rights over Jerusalem


Jerusalem in “Mandate” time

Two distinct issues exist in regard to Jerusalem

I. “Holy Places … assuring respect for the existing interests of the three religions and of providing the necessary guarantees of freedom of access, worship, and religious administration.

II. City of Jerusalem … establishing an effective administration of the City which can protect the rights of the various elements of its permanent population - Christian, Arab and Jewish”

Internationalizing Jerusalem was never part of the “Mandate”

Judge, Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, Jerusalem and the Holy Places (London: The Anglo-Israel Association, 1968).

Tensions Rise… The amount of Jews moving to

Palestine increased dramatically by 1890.

At first, the Arabs and Jews lived in peace with each other.

As more Jews moved to the area (especially after WWII), the tensions between the two groups rose.

A BIG problem During the 1800’s, an idea called anti-

Semitism increased.– This terms means being against Jews. – It’s a form of racism.

It made people violent against Jews and their property.

A MUCH BIGGER Problem… The Holocaust.

– The systematic killing of millions of Jews during WWII.

– Killed by Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Mussolini's Fascist Italy.

– More than 6 million Jews killed. We’ll never know the exact number.

So, in response to Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust….

The UN (United Nations) proclaimed the nation of Israel on May 14, 1948

The Allies of WWII (US, England, China, etc) wanted the Jews to have their own country so they would be free from persecution.

The creation of Israel gave Jews more than half of Palestine.

In 1949, the Jews got all of the Galilee area. There is no modern country of Palestine.


United NationsCame into force on October 24, 1945

The UN General Assembly convenes its first meeting at Lake Success, Flushing Meadows, New York on November 19, 1946.


1947 UN Partition Plan

UN Resolution 181, recommended to partition the remaining 23% of the territory still subject to the Mandate into a Jewish state and an Arab state.

Jews accepted the recommendation (1947).

Both Palestinian Arabs and their Arab brethren in neighboring countries rejected it.

Resolution 181’s validity hinged on acceptance of the General Assembly’s recommendation by both parties.

This ANGERED and SHOCKED the Arab leaders.

There have been fights ever since.

Arab-Israeli Wars… Almost immediately after Israel became

a nation, JORDAN, EGYPT, SYRIA and OTHER SURROUNDING COUNTRIES invaded.

Over a million Palestinian Arabs became refugees.– They went to Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

The Palestinian Arabs wanted to reclaim “their” land.

P.L.O. In 1964, the Palestinian Arabs joined

together to fight back against the Jews. They created the P.L.O.

– Palestinian Liberation Organization– 1969- Yasser Arafat becomes chairman

• Was chairman until he died recently.

– PLO fights “dirty”- using “guerilla” warfare.

1948-1973 Israel fought 4 wars with bordering

countries, and they won each one. Each victory earned more land.

– Sinai Peninsula– City of Jerusalem

Arab nations boycotted Israel– Products– Wouldn’t allow Israel to

use the Suez canal

1967 Six-Day War In June 1967, the combined armies of Egypt, Syria,

and Jordan attacked Israel with the clear purpose expressed by Egypt’s President Gamal Abdel Nasser:

“Destruction of Israel.” Israel launched a surprised preemptive strike and at

the end of what is now known as the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel, against all odds, was victorious and in possession of the territories of the…. -West Bank-Gaza -Sinai-Golan Heights

Jimmy Carter’s Legacy By 1979, US President Jimmy Carter

had helped to work out a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt.

•These talks were called the Camp David Accords

•Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, US President Jimmy Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin

But, no one really liked it… The PLO and most Arab countries didn’t

like the Camp David Accords.– “didn’t like” is putting it nicely…. They

basically thought they were useless and did nothing good for anybody, especially Arabs.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was assassinated two years later for his part in the treaty.

In 1987, there were a series of uprisings called INTIFADA

Palestinians revolted against Israel’s control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

In 1993, the PLO and Israel participated in peace talks that led to agreements.

In 1994, Israel and Jordan made a peace treaty.

In 1998, peace talks continued between PLO and Israel.

In 2000, another INTIFADA- killing any chance of peace between Israel and the PLO

Who is to blame: The Palestinians?

Who is to blame: The Israelis?

Who is to blame: BOTH?

How do you explain this?

Sometimes, they take each other as prisoners

They get frustrated with their own leaders

Jewish Settlements

Jewish Settlements on the Rise

Jewish Settlements

Tear gas against the separation barrier

Israel’s Separation Barrier

Results of the blockades

Results of the Israeli expansion

Israel’s Anti-Missile Umbrella

Israeli Air Strikes

Palestinian Protests

Palestinians Arresting Palestinians

Supporters of the Palestinian Effort


Lebanon


Jordan


Iran

U.S. President Barack Obama told members of the United Nations on Wednesday that the United States seeks "a future where Palestinians live in a sovereign state of their own, with no limit to what they can achieve."

Obama also noted, however, that "America's commitment to Israel's security is unshakeable, and our friendship with Israel is deep and enduring."

Obama's remarks are particularly significant this year as Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas plans to ask the United Nations to recognize an independent Palestinian state, a move that puts the Obama administration in a tight spot diplomatically, particularly with Israel and Jewish supporters at home.

Breaking News- Friday, September 21, 2011

Breaking News- Friday, September 23, 2011Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas formally asked the United Nations to recognize his territories as a state.

Abbas was greeted with a long round of applause as he began his speech.

He told members of the U.N. General Assembly that Israel is in a "race against time to redraw the borders," which harms the lives of tens of thousands of Palestinian families.

Less than an hour after Abbas was to end his speech, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will give a rebuttal speech declaring the request a unilateral move that will only hinder the prospect of true peace in the region.

In Ramallah, in the West Bank, crowds greeted news that Abbas had formally filed the statehood request with cheers, song and dance. Mass demonstrations are planned for Friday in New York and are expected across the Middle East.

U.S. embassies across the region warned citizens to avoid the expected demonstrations, saying they could turn violent with little warning.

Deal reached to free captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit in exchange for Palestinian prisoners, Israel and Hamas say.

Militants took Shalit after tunneling into Israel and attacking an Israeli army outpost, killing two soldiers.

Since then, he has been held incommunicado by Hamas, the movement that controls the Palestinian territory of Gaza. There have been ongoing attempts to broker a deal to release Shalit, and they have failed.

Breaking News- Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Breaking News- Tuesday, October 18, 2011 2:22 a.m.

Late Monday, the Israeli Supreme Court rejected appeals against the release of prisoners in exchange for the captured Israeli Army sergeant.

Shalit has been held incommunicado by the Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, which controls Gaza, since his seizure in a raid in 2006. He was 19 years old.

The Israeli public overwhelmingly supports the swap for Shalit, but is equally split on whether "the release of terrorists" will harm Israeli security.

Breaking News- Tuesday, October 18, 2011 2:31 a.m.

Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit was freed Tuesday in a deal that involves the release of over 1,000 Palestinian inmates.

Puzzle Piece Activity

•Read Decades of Distrust•As you read create a personal timeline of events. From 1947 to 2010•You will then be placed in groups and make a 1 timeline as a group. You only need six events.

palestine why is the arab-israeli conflict described as multifaceted? this land is my land…

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