palermo june 14, 2010 university of palermo head of the department of hydraulic engineering and...
TRANSCRIPT
Palermo June 14, 2010University of Palermo
Head of the Department ofHead of the Department ofHydraulic Engineering and Environmental ApplicationsHydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications
University of Palermo -University of Palermo - [email protected]
MEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System LabMEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System Lab
"MEDITERRANEAN MARITIME POLLUTION: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING TO MONITOR AND
MITIGATE"
Prof. Goffredo La LoggiaProf. Goffredo La Loggia
Authors: Goffredo La Loggia, Fulvio Capodici, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Antonino Maltese
Human activities contaminate both coastal zone and open sea:- pollutants; - ecosystems;- recovery time.
Pollution monitoring and mitigation by integrating: - remote sensing,- hydrodynamic;- bio-optical modelling.
Coastal water pollution is strictly related to land activities:-≈ 60% of world’s population lives within 60 km from the coastline impacting water quality. - Pesticides and fertilizers over-application:
- coastal zone algae growth;- natural food chain alteration; -coastal waters oxygen deprivation.
Offshore pollution is related to maritime oil transport:- a quarter of the global maritime traffic; - causing ≈7% of the world oil accidents during the last 25 years;- biological impacts firstly on open sea than on coastal zone habitats.
The need of monitoring and mitigate maritime pollution
Water Bodies pollution monitoring and Water Bodies pollution monitoring and mitigationmitigation
OffshoreCoast, lagoon and lakes
The Planktothrix rubescens bloom (Oscillatoria rubescens) in some Sicilian lakes.
• Water quality• Oil spill
- The contamination of reservoirs used for civil and agricultural supply highlights human healthy risks- Spectral reflectance R() [-] of a typical Sicilian lake water (dashed line) and that of a water characterized by a Planktothrix rubescens algal bloom (continuous line).
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
350 450 550 650 750 850 950 [nm]
R [
-]
Lake Trinità
Lake Prizzi
• Water quality• Toxic blooms• Submerged vegetation distribution and dynamic• Hydrodynamic and solute transport models
Water Bodies pollution monitoring and Water Bodies pollution monitoring and mitigationmitigation
OffshoreCoast, lagoon and lakes• Water quality
• Toxic blooms• Submerged vegetation distribution and dynamic• Hydrodynamic and solute transport models
CALIBRATION SITE, CALIBRATION PARAMETERS AND NTU (WATER TURBIDITY) MAP
• Water quality• Surface Clorophyll (Chl-a);• Total Sunspended Sediments
(TSS)• Water Nephelometric
Turbidity (NTU)• Oil spill
2D model (finite
difference)
The Castellammare gulf
The Augusta
gulf
The Gela gulf
brsRaNT )645(
Calibration coefficients July August September Literature a 1203.9 1203.9 1203.9 1203.9 b 1.112 1.399 1.290 1.087
NTU July 20080 NTU
10 NTU
Recent accidents in the Recent accidents in the Mediterranean seaMediterranean sea
Recent accidents in the Recent accidents in the Mediterranean seaMediterranean sea
Water Bodies pollution monitoring and Water Bodies pollution monitoring and mitigationmitigation
OffshoreCoast, lagoon and lakes• Water quality
• Toxic blooms• Submerged vegetation distribution and
dynamic• Hydrodynamic and solute transport models
• Water quality• Oil spill
The note deepens on the Oil spill issue reporting the MAPRES research
project
Marine pollution monitoring and detection by aerial surveillance and satellite
images
Effects of large spills\
• Vegetation
• Animals
• Economic activities
Oil spill pollutionOil spill pollutionOil spill pollutionOil spill pollution
Oil Spill eventsOil Spill eventsOil Spill eventsOil Spill events
Principal oil spill events in Europe
1.Atlantic Empress1.Atlantic Empress
2.ABT Summer2.ABT Summer
3.Castillo de Bellver3.Castillo de Bellver
4.Amoco Cadiz4.Amoco Cadiz
5.Haven5.Haven
6.Odyssey6.Odyssey
7.Torrey Canyon7.Torrey Canyon
8.Urquiola8.Urquiola
9.Hawaiian Patriot9.Hawaiian Patriot
10.Independenta10.Independenta
11.Jakob Maersk11.Jakob Maersk
12.Braer12.Braer
13.Khark 513.Khark 5
14.Aegean Sea14.Aegean Sea
15.Sea Empress15.Sea Empress
16.Katina P.16.Katina P.
17.Assmi17.Assmi
18.Metula18.Metula
19.Wafra19.Wafra
20.Exxon Valdez20.Exxon Valdez
DATADATA LOCALITA'LOCALITA' NAVENAVE SVERSAMENTI SVERSAMENTI (t)(t)
Marzo 1967Marzo 1967 Gran Bretagna Gran Bretagna Torrey Torrey CanionCanion 121.000121.000
Gennaio Gennaio 19751975 PortogalloPortogallo Jacob Jacob
MaerskMaersk 84.00084.000
Maggio 1976Maggio 1976 SpagnaSpagna UrquiolaUrquiola 101.000101.000
Marzo 1978Marzo 1978 FranciaFrancia Amoco CadizAmoco Cadiz 228.000228.000
Dicembre Dicembre 19781978 SpagnaSpagna Andros Andros
PatriaPatria 47.00047.000
Aprile 1979Aprile 1979 FranciaFrancia GinoGino 42.00042.000
Novembre19Novembre197979 BosforoBosforo IndependentIndependent
aa95.00095.000
Febbraio Febbraio 19801980 GreciaGrecia IrenesIrenes 102.000102.000
Aprile 1991Aprile 1991 ItaliaItalia HavenHaven 144.000144.000
Dicembre Dicembre 19921992 SpagnaSpagna Aegeum SeaAegeum Sea 80.00080.000
Gennaio Gennaio 19931993 Gran BretagnaGran Bretagna BraerBraer 85.00085.000
Febbraio Febbraio 19961996 Gran BretagnaGran Bretagna Sea EmpressSea Empress 60.00060.000
Dicembre Dicembre 19991999 FranciaFrancia ErikaErika 31.00031.000
Dicembre Dicembre 20022002 SpagnaSpagna PrestigePrestige 77.00077.000
Oil pollutions types Oil pollutions types Oil pollutions types Oil pollutions types
SYSTEMATIC OPERATIVE ACCIDENTAL Industrial
discharges Tank washing
Bilge waters discharges
Ballast water discharges
Oil tanker accident
Pipeline break
Oil platform accident
Oil terminal accident
Prestigie
Oil transportationOil transportationOil transportationOil transportation
Spain 13Spain 13thth July 2007 July 2007Spain 13Spain 13thth July 2007 July 2007Ship “Don Pedro” had been sailing from Ibiza to
the eastern port city of Valencia when it hit rocks
and sank Wednesday with 150 tons of fuel oil and
50 tons of gasoline on board
Spain 13Spain 13thth July 2007 July 2007Spain 13Spain 13thth July 2007 July 2007
Three Ibiza beaches: Talamanca, Ses Figueretes and Platja de
Bossa were closed while crews cleaned up the spill
Il caso della “Prestige” (Novembre 2002)
Immagine ASAR (radar ad apertura sintetica) ENVISAT dell’ESA
Direzione del vento
Oil slicks individuate tramite SARScarichi illeciti:: numero di spills individuati nel 1999: 1638 per un
totale di 13500 tn
UNA APPLICAZIONE NEL CANALE DI SICILIA E’ STATA REALIZZATA NELL’AMBITO DEL PROGETTO MAPRES
MAPRES MAPRES rationale and general descriptionrationale and general description
MAPRES MAPRES rationale and general descriptionrationale and general description
MAPRES MAPRES rationale and general descriptionrationale and general description
MAPRES MAPRES rationale and general descriptionrationale and general description
•The project has been implemented in the following Countries:
Italy, Republic of Malta, United Kingdom
•The starting date was: January 2007
•The ending date was: December 2007
• Duration: 12 months
MAPRES MAPRES rationale and general descriptionrationale and general description
MAPRES MAPRES rationale and general descriptionrationale and general description
OIL SPILL DETECTION
OIL SPILL propagation forecasting
OIL SPILL mitigations procedures
MAPRES exercise
Remotely sensed data from:
ActiveActive and PassivePassive sensors
Hydrodynamic Numerical Simulations
Impact on coastal environment and best practices for mitigation and damage recovery
Using guidelines coming from preceding tasks
Expected result: Operating Manual
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING CONISMA L.R.U. 1
“Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali (D.I.I.A.A.)” - University of Palermo (ITA)
Scientific Coordinator: Prof. Enrico Napoli
University of Malta (UOM) - International Ocean Institute –Malta Operational Centre (MT)
Scientific Coordinator: Dr. Aldo Drago
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING THE NEED► Use an operational system for predicting the fate and Use an operational system for predicting the fate and
transportation of an oil spill in the Malta Channel transportation of an oil spill in the Malta Channel
► Develop coastal models to detail the areas around the Develop coastal models to detail the areas around the Maltese Islands and PozzalloMaltese Islands and Pozzallo
► In case of emergency, oil spill models help to determine In case of emergency, oil spill models help to determine ...... where will the oil slick move towhere will the oil slick move to when will it get therewhen will it get there what will be its state when it arriveswhat will be its state when it arrives
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING Ocean satelliteOcean satellite
& in situ & in situ observationsobservations
Regional/shelf/Regional/shelf/ coastal modelscoastal models
OperationaOperational oil spill l oil spill modelmodel
Operational Operational ocean modelocean model
Operational Operational atmospheric atmospheric forecastsforecasts
Data Assimilation
nesting and downscaling
Elaboration
of fields
Oil spill characteristcs and conditions
Response
MEDSLIK model
The models solves the free-surface Reynolds
and continuity equations in 3D
1st level: coarse grid, the Ocean General Circulation Model, operating on the whole Mediterranean Sea (resolution 1/8 degrees)
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING
2nd level: the regional scale Circulation Model, operating on the Sicilian channel (resolution 1/32 degrees)
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING
3rd level: the Rosario Shelf Model, operating on the Maltese channel (resolution 1/64 degrees)
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING
A novel level: the Coastal Model, operating with a 1/512 degrees resolution
Malta Coastal Model
Pozzallo Coastal Model
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING
NESTINGNESTING
344 cells: E-W direction
280 cells: N-S direction
19 cells: depth
Spatial resolution
1/512° x 1/512°
The total number of cells is 1.926.400
The Malta Coastal ModelThe Malta Coastal ModelThe Malta Coastal ModelThe Malta Coastal Model
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING examples examplesOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING examples examples
61 hr simulation using the Malta Shelf Model
61 hr simulation restarted at 25 hrs using Malta Shelf Model
and the higher resolution Malta Coastal Model
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING examples examplesOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING examples examples
Coastal Oil Distribution No Boom
Coastal Oil Distribution With Boom
THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE
COMANDO GENERALE DEL CORPO COMANDO GENERALE DEL CORPO DELLE CAPITANERIE DI PORTO DELLE CAPITANERIE DI PORTO
Pozzallo and Catania sectionsPozzallo and Catania sections
THE VEGA 2007 EXERCISEC.V.(CP) Paolo Cafaro e del C.F. (CP) Marco Mancini
THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE
DATE : 28 E 29 NOVEMER 2007 PLACE: POZZALLO – PIATTAFORMA VEGA; ACTORS: - Coast Guard ships: CP 316 – CP 2113 - Coast Guard airplanes: ATR42 MP- “Manta 10-02”, Piaggio P166dl3-SEM “Orca 8-
01”; Supply vessels: Ecol Roma and Kerob Express.
SIMULATED SPILL: 10 tons od petrol (2 ton of “Rice Hull”)
In Catania Coast Guard aerial base researchers analyzed the hydrodynamic simulation forecast and compared the results vs the acquired data.
The position of the husk rice retrieved by means of remotely sensed data were compared to the simulations of the hydrodynamic forecast model.
ATR42
THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE
MEDILABMEDILAB Water Activities Water Activities
Pozzallo SIMULATION29th November 2007
THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE
Palermo June 14, 2010University of Palermo
Head of the Department ofHead of the Department ofHydraulic Engineering and Environmental ApplicationsHydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications
University of Palermo -University of Palermo - [email protected]
MEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System LabMEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System Lab
"MEDITERRANEAN MARITIME POLLUTION: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING TO MONITOR AND
MITIGATE"
Prof. Goffredo La LoggiaProf. Goffredo La Loggia
Authors: Goffredo La Loggia, Fulvio Capodici, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Antonino Maltese
Thanks for your
attention
Thanks for your
attention