palawan biodiversity status & mmpl valuation initial results 22 april 2008
DESCRIPTION
Philippine Biodiversity is made up of Indo-Malayan (Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asian islands) elements indicative of the Sunda Islands (ex. Borneo, Sumatra and Java) which is typical for Palawan. The Papua-Australian (Sulawesi, New Guinea to Australia) elements can be found in much of the eastern Philippines and the northern islands have similar species indicative of the Palearctic mainland (Europe, Russia to North Asia). Many forms have become unique and distinctively Filipino in origin; these are the endemics. The Philippines is the world’s 2nd largest archipelago. It is comprised of more than 7,000 islands. Despite the country’s relatively small size, it is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world in terms of unique terrestrial and marine plant and animal species. More than 20,000 species of plant and animals are found nowhere else on earth. As such, the Philippines has also oftentimes been described as Galapagos times ten.TRANSCRIPT
“Ang 50-taong gulang na puno ay nagkakahalaga ng $193,250” (approx Php 9M)
(Prof TM Das of Univ. of Calcutta) $62,000 halaga ng oxygen, air pollution control and soil pollution control (Php 3M)
$37,500 tubig (P1.8M)
$31,250 pampataba ng lupa (P1.5M)
$31,200 recycles(P1.5M)
$31,250 tirahan/habitat (P1.5M)
Ang Kasalukuyang Kalagayan ng mga Likas Yaman ng Palawan
Earth Day ForumPuerto Princesa CityApril 22, 2008
Sustainable development needs BIODIVERSITY
• Mahalaga sa araw-araw na pamumuhay
(essential to peoples daily lives and we all depend on biodiversity)
• Mahalaga para sa mga pagpipiliang gamit sa hinaharap
(necessary to conserve development potentials and future options of use)
• Bahagi ng kultura
(part of our cultural identity: knowledge, aesthetics, values)
• Nagbibigay ng mga serbisyong mula sa ekosistema
(provides ecosystem services)
26 species of AMPHIBIANS (25% ay sa Pilipinas lamang, at karamihan ay makikita sa Palawan)
69 species of REPTILES (29% ay sa Pilipinas lamang)
279 species of BIRDS (10% sa Pilipinas lamang); 34% of bird species are migratory, making the region a vital flyway for migratory birds
58 species of TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS, 19 or 33% sa Pilipinas lamang, 16 ay sa Palawan lamang
18 species of FRESHWATER FISH (50% ay sa Palawan lamang)
Palawan Biological Data
Palawan Biological Data
• 31 species of mangroves in Palawan (90% of the known mangrove species in the country)
• 44,500 hectares of mangrove forests in Palawan (40% of the remaining mangroves in the country)
• 13 species of seagrass recorded in Palawan (81% of the known seagrass species in the country)
• 379 species of corals (82% of the total coral species recorded in the entire country)
• 89% of total reef fish recorded in the Phils. is found in the corridor
• 4 of the 5 marine turtles are found in Palawan
• 15 of the 25 recorded marine mammals are reported from Palawan
New Discoveries and Re-Discoveries
Possible new speciesa. Fauna: a shrew, Crocidura sp. observed to be restricted on the high slopes (1300-1900 masl);
b. Flora: at least 8 undescribed species of plants. One of the potentially new species of plants discovered belongs to the genus Coelogyne, one of the most striking orchid groups in the country.
New recordsa. Fauna i. 1 new Philippine record (Aves: Erythrura prasina: pintailed-parrot finch ii. 2 new Palawan records (Aves: Erythrura hyperythra: tawny-breasted parrot finch; Mammalia: Saccolaimus saccolaimus: sheath-tailed bat)
b. Flora. at least 5 species that are new records for Palawan
Rediscovery: Palawanomys furvus
Palawan Biological Data
AAA BBB
– 1
– 2
CCC– 1
– 2
– 3
KBA NameTrigger Species
CR EN VU RR
El Nido – Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 1 2 11 16
Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape
2 2 10 18
Lake Manguao 1 1 13 20
San Vicente-Taytay-Roxas Forest 2 1 11 10
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park 2 2 12 19
Cleopatra's Needle 1 1 3 1
Victoria and Anepahan Ranges 1 4 15 22
Mt Mantalingahan 2 3 13 20
KBA NameTrigger Species
CR EN VU RR
Calauit Island 1 2 10 22
Busuanga Island 1 1 9 37
Culion Island 1 1 8 33
Coron Island 1 0 6 4
Dumaran-Araceli 2 2 5 5
Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary 1 2 3 0
Ursula Island 0 0 3 0
Balabac Island 1 2 10 39
Tubbataha Reef Natural Park 1 1 1 0
Palawan Biological Data
• Forest Destruction– Logging– Agriculture (slash and burn)– Fuelwood gathering
• Depletion of marine fishery– Mangrove destruction– Legal and illegal fishing
• Mining and quarrying• Roads and other large
infrastructure development• Tourism development• Wildlife hunting
Major Biodiversity Threats
Land Use Changes in a Nickel Mining Area
Threats Assessment
geophysical
access costs
demography
socio-economic
econometricanalysis
LIKELIHOOD OF DEFORESTATION
•define relationships among variables•identify predictors and determine relative influences
multi-criteria
evaluation
PROBABILITY MAPPING•convert variables to standard scale•integrate factors
deforestation probability
map
1998 forestcover
risk byforest type
risklevels
Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Threats Assessment
Potential impacts on biodiversity!
Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004
Mga Halaga ng Samu’t Saring Buhay sa Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (MMPL)
Earth Day ForumPuerto Princesa CityApril 22, 2008
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape:
Nasaan at ano ito?
•Rizal, Brooke’s Point, Quezon, Bataraza, Sofronio Espanola
•panukalang protected area
•126,348 ektarya
Legal Requirements
1 Compilation of maps & technical descriptions
2 Initial screening3 Public notifications4 Initial consultation5 Census & registration of PA
occupants6 Resource profiling7 Initial Protected Area Plan8 Public hearings
9 Regional review & recommendations
10 National review & recommendations11 Presidential Proclamation
12 Congressional action
13 Demarcation
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Anu-ano ang mga nagawa na?
TUBIG
NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFP)
MATABANG LUPA
SARIWANG HANGIN
SAMU’T SARING BUHAY
MINA
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape:
Anu-ano ang mga likas-yaman at gamit?
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Mga Watersheds:
2 micro watersheds (<1000 ha)
21 small watersheds (1000 to 10K ha)
10 medium watersheds (10K to 50K ha: Pulot, Tigaplan, Mambalot-Pilantropia, Iwahig, Ilog, Malambunga, Iraan, Culasian, Lamikan, Panitian)
Use Values Non-Use
Direct Indirect Option
Sustainable timber Watershed protection
Future direct and indirect uses
Existence value
NTFPs Nutrient cycling Cultural heritage
Recreation and tourism
Air pollution reduction
Biodiversity
Medicine Micro-climatic functions
Plant genetics Carbon storage
Education Biodiversity
Human habitat
Total Economic Value of aTropical Forest
(Adapted from Bann 1997)
Mga Halaga/Presyo ng mga Likas Yamansa MMPL
Total Economic Value
TEV = UV + NUV
Where :
UV = use value
NUV = non-use value
UV = direct use value + indirect use value + option value
NUV = bequest value + existence value
Focus on Use Values
Direktang Gamit• Timber• NTFPs• Use of land for farming/ agroforestry• Water
Hindi Direktang Gamit• Carbon sequestration• Soil conservation• Biodiversity
Summary of the economic values of Mt. Mantalingahan Range
Use Valuation Approach Present Value (Php)
Timber Opportunity cost xx,445,296,692
IP’s use Market prices x,772,266,950
Water Resource charge xx,091,500,000
Carbon stock Benefits transfer xx,788,327,735
Soil conservation Replacement cost x,861,361,000
Watershed and biodiversity functions Contingent valuation method xxx,122,641
Protection of marine biodiversity Benefits transfer xx,440,784,450
Total (excluding timber) XXX,340,362,776
Pangalagaan at pahalagahan ang kalikasan
“Only when the last tree has died, the last river has been poisoned and the last fish has been caught,
only then will man realize that money cannot be eaten”--- from a native Indian