Pakistan’s Perspective on Transition from Reactive to

Proactive DM System

Pakistan’s vulnerabilities

Evolution & structure of DM system

Transition from reactive disaster response to

proactive disaster risk reduction & preparedness

Changing focus and recent developments

Issues & challenges

Sequence

2

33

GLOF

Avalanche

4 Land Slides

Floods

55

Tsunami

Earthquake

6

Drought

Forest Fires

77

Industrial Accidents

Oil Spills

Inconsistent monsoon behavior

Rising number of extreme climate events

More Intense monsoon rains

Increasing frequency of heavy downpours in short

time interval

Marked shift in monsoon rainfall zone from NE to NW

8

Climate Change Impacts

9

Rainfall Shift

Limited policy level focus on disasters

Absence of sustainable institutional arrangements to

address complete spectrum of disasters

Disaster management was viewed in complete

isolation from the mainstream development

Resource allocation for preparedness and response

Only relief providing legal mechanisms were in place

(Calamities Act of 1958)

UNISDR in 2000 & HFA in 200510

From Reactive to Proactive DM System

Earthquake - 2005 proved a wake up call

Lacking hazard and risk assessment for informed

planning

Infrastructure was not hazard resistant and resilient

(particularly schools and housing)

Development insensitive to disaster risk reduction (DRR)

Lacking in specialized search and rescue capacity

Limited awareness and capacity among communities

Therefore a comprehensive & proactive Disaster Management System was established through an

Act of Parliament12

We Realized

Federal Level Provincial Level

PDMAsNDRF

NDMC

DDMAs

NDMA

PDMCs

Stake Holders

NIDM

Corps ofVolunteers

Climate ChangeDivision

Disaster Management Structure

13

14

Line Ministries/ Division

UN/ Donors Humanitarian

Media

Implementation Partners (UN)

Local Representatives

GHQDMC (MO Dte)

JSHQ

AHQDMC (DCAS)

NHQERC (ACNS)

Command DMCCorps DMC

Command ERC

BDMCDiv DMC

ERULine Deptts

DDMA

NDMA

PDMA/ FDMASDMA/GBDMA

NDMC

Coordination Mechanism

Prevention Mitigation Preparedness

Response Recovery and Rehabilitation Reconstruction

Pre Disaster

Post Disaster

Source: NDM ACT 2010, Section 2c15

NDMA’s Role

16

Transition From

Reactive to Proactive system

inhibited by successive disasters

of

unprecedented magnitudes

1717

Floods - 2010

Cyclone2007 & 2010

18 Floods - 2012

Floods - 2011

Institutional strengthening and capacity building

Hazard and vulnerability assessment

Training, research & awareness

Preparedness and mitigation initiatives (capacity building

trainings)

Contingency planning by adopting bottom up approach

Community based DRM

Mainstreaming DRR into development

Development of international linkages

Achievements

19

• DRM Needs Report, 2012 compiled with inputs from provinces

and relevant stakeholders, identified needs to:

• Undertake extensive DRM capacity building program for PDMAs, DDMAs and relevant government organizations

• Capacitate district level organizations in post disaster management skills e.g. management of relief goods and supplies, camp management etc

• Multi hazard risk and vulnerability assessments at the district and community levels

• Establishment and strengthening of disaster response force

• Streamlining Land record, land-use planning and building codes

DRM Needs Report - 2012

20

Institutionalization of DRM at the community/grassroots level

Installation and strengthening of early warning systems

Construction of warehouses for the storage and rapid provision of food and non food items in high risk areas

The construction of critical infrastructure for risk mitigation

The development of risk transfer mechanisms (insurance schemes)

Others: Emergency Operation Centers, Heavy Machinery, Climate Change Studies, School Safety Programmes, DRM monitoring system, Mainstreaming DRR

Identified Needs……

21

Policy approved by NDMC in February 2013

Policy shifts focus away from response centric

approach towards:

Prevention

mitigation

Preparedness

22

National DRR Policy

A ten years National Disaster Management Plan approved by

NDMC in February 2013 with four components:

National Disaster Management Plan

Human Resource Development Plan

National Multi-Hazard Early Warning Plan

Development of CBDRM guidelines (pilot initiative in 5

districts)

Plan has 10 priority areas with 118 interventions and will cost

approximately US$ 1056 millions

23

National Disaster Management Plan

Capacity constraints of DM institutions (weak DDMAs)

Non availability of micro level risk assessments

Retrofitting of existing infrastructure for DRR

Impact of climate change phenomenon

Deficient weather forecasting capabilities

Inadequate early warning dissemination system Strengthening of national institute of disaster

management

Training and awareness of communities on DRM

Resource constraints

24

Issues and Challenges

Thank You

25

HFA 1 - DM is a national and local priority with a strong institutional base

- Intervention - 1 Establish the institutional and legal system for disaster management

- Intervention - 2 Prepare disaster management plans at various levels.

HFA 2 - Mechanism for identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster risks

- Intervention - 3 Establish national hazard and vulnerability assessment - Intervention - 4 Establish multi-hazard early warning systems.

HFA 3 – Establish better knowledge of disaster risk at local and community level

- Intervention - 5 Promotion of training, education and awareness in relation to disaster

management; and establish a national emergency response system

- Intervention - 6 Strengthen the awareness programme on disaster risk reduction at the local level

HFA & NDMP’s Interventions

HFA 4 - Reduce underlying risk factors

- Intervention - 7 Infrastructure development for disaster risk reduction

- Intervention - 8 Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development

HFA 5 - Enhance Preparedness, response and recovery measures in disaster management

- Intervention - 9 Establish a national emergency response system

- Intervention - 10 Capacity development for post-disaster recovery

HFA & NDMP’s Interventions

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-1: Establish the Institutional and Legal System for Disaster Management

1. Establish and function disaster management organizations at national, provincial and district levels.

2.0

2. Formulate disaster management operation plans for relevant organizations. 0.2

3. Implement periodic meetings among the disaster management organizations to monitor the situations.

0.1

4. Implement drills and training of disaster management activities in the organizations to improve their capacities.

-

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-2: Prepare Disaster Management Plans at Various Levels1.Formulate and update disaster management plans at national, provincial, district and community or TMA levels

1.0

2.Develop hazard specific contingency plans1.0

3.Develop sectoral disaster risk management operation in federal ministries, departments and authorities

1.0

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

4.3 Intervention-3: Establish national hazard and vulnerability assessment

1.Conduct detailed multi–hazard vulnerability and risk analysis/assessments at national level

14.0

2.Conduct detailed multi–hazard vulnerability and risk analysis/assessments at local level

5.0

3.Conduct research and studies on impact of climate change on glaciers and ice cap

5.0

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(MN $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-7: Infrastructure Development for Disaster Risk Reduction1. Develop schools, hospitals and other important public facilities safe against disasters

100.0

2. Protect important coastal facilities against disasters taking into account climate change

21.0

3. Enforce the building code in construction of buildings

10.0

4. Implement appropriate structural measures in flood prone areas taking into account comprehensive and integrated flood management plans

565.6

5. Enhance disaster risk management capacity in Urban areas.

11.0

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-8: Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Development1. Establish disaster risk reduction policies in National Development Plan and National Poverty Reduction Strategy

-

2. Set up sectoral guidelines on mainstreaming disaster risk reduction 1.0

3. Establish criteria to assess development projects from a risk reduction perspective 0.24. Improve technical capacity of federal and provincial governments to integrate risk reduction into development plans and programs

-

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-9: Establish National Emergency Response System1.Establish and strengthen warehouse or stockpiling system for storing food, medicine, relief supplies and rescue equipments at strategic locations

10.0

2.Enhance emergency response capacities, such as emergency operation centers, Civil Defence and urban search and rescue teams in major cities.

10.0

3.Establish a robust communication system and efficient transport and logistics mechanism to be used during emergency situations.

6.0

4.Develop and implement emergency response plans in relevant ministries and departments at federal, provincial and district levels

5.0

5.Establish National Disaster Management Fund to enable the federal government to organize emergency response effectively.

-

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-10: Capacity Development for Post Disaster Recovery

1. Prepare guidelines for post disaster recovery programs and activities 1.0

2. Develop capacity of stakeholders in post disaster recovery 3.0

3. Develop system and methodology for recovery needs assessment 1.0

TOTAL COST (NDMP) = US$ 774.1 million

NDMP (Main Volume)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-5: Promotion of training, education and awareness in relation to disaster management1. Develop NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management) to promote human resource development in the field of disaster management.

20.7

2. Enhance the capacity of government agencies in charge of disaster management. 12.9

3. Promote mainstreaming DRR through capacity enhancement of governmental officers.

2.6

4. Develop the capacity of communities to cope with disasters. 26.2

5. Raise people's awareness of disaster management. 1.9

TOTAL COST (HRDP) = US $64.3 million

HRD Plan (Volume-I)

StrategyApp. Cost(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-4: Establish Multi-hazard Early Warning and Evacuation Systems1.Strengthen forecasting and early warning systems 168.5

2.Prepare hazard maps at local scale in targeted locations 5.7

3.Strengthen early warning dissemination systems 3.1

4.Develop capacity of early warning and evacuation systems 11.2

TOTAL COST (MHEWSP) = US $188.5 million

MHEWS (Volume-II)

StrategyApp. Cost

(Mn $)

Time Frame

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021/2022

Intervention-6: Strengthen awareness program on disaster risk reduction at local level1. Enhance knowledge on disasters management in the general public 1.0

2. Establish safe evacuation places in the case of disaster situation 10.03. Implement and disseminate CBDRM activities 1.04. Disseminate self help and mutual help efforts in disaster management 1.0

5. Establish disaster mitigation measures incorporated with existing development plan

1.0

TOTAL COST (CBDRM) = US $14 million

Instructor’s Guidelines on CBDRM (Volume-III)