Presentation National Workshop on the Improvement of Pakistan13-15 December 2004

Quetta City

Presented by Yasir Hussain

E mail id. yasir8480@yahoo.com

Fact file of the city

Location Quetta district lies between 300 - 03’ and 300 -27’ N and 660 - 44’

and 670 - 18’ E. The total geographical area of Quetta district is 2653 Km2.

Fact file of the city (Contd..)

History Quetta originates from the Pashtoo word Kwatta The district is bounded on the north by district

Pishin; on the east by Ziarat; on the south by Mastung and on the west by district Killa Abdullah

Till the middle of the eighteenth century, the history of Quetta district is identical with the history of Kandahar.

Fact file of the city (Contd..)

History (contd…) In 1883, Quetta was formed into a separate single

administrative unit (Quetta - Pishin district) from 1955 to 1970, Quetta and Kalat were the

administrative units in West Pakistan. 1975, Quetta and Pishin were a single

administrative unit. In that year Pishin was declared a separate district.

Population 1.5 Million approx.

Fact file of the city (Contd..)

Culture Quetta district is a multi lingual area. Urdu,

Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Brahui, Hindko, Siraiki, and Persian are spoken in the district.

Quetta tribesman is strong and silent in their bearing, they are known for their friendliness and hospitality

Baluchi mirror-work embroidery, jackets, fur coats, sandals, Afghan carpets onyx,semiprecious stones, dried fruit and nuts are the best buys in the bazaar

Balochi folk dance

Fact file of the city (Contd..)

Weather

Clouds and Precipitation

0102030405060

Month

Pre

cip

itat

ion

(m

m)

Series1

Fact file of the city (Contd..)

Wind Speed Quetta

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60

Months

Kts

Mean Wind SpeedMax Wind Speed

Weather (Contd…)

Fact file of the city (Contd..)

Min/Max Tempreture

-10

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oC Max

Min

Weather (Contd…)

Five Major Environmental Concerns of Quetta City

1. Depletion of Ground Water

Five Major Environmental Concerns of Quetta City (Contd..)

2. Air pollution

Vehicular emission is one of the reasons behind respiratory illnesses (Circular road Quetta)

Five Major Environmental Concerns of Quetta City (Contd..)

3. Solid Waste/Hospital Waste

Waste dumps are breeding ground for diseases

Five Major Environmental Concerns of Quetta City (Contd..)

4. Haphazard City Growth

Congested bazaar in Quetta City (Suraj Ganj Bazaar)

Five Major Environmental Concerns of Quetta City (Contd..)

5. Sewerage System

Open drain, causing bad odour

Air Pollution in the City

1. Vehicular emission

a. Diesel Engine Vehicles

Parameters Observed Values

Vehicles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CO (ppm) 198.3 193.7 199.6 197.8 200.1 201.2 195.4 199.6 191.9 191.5 199.2 200.1

NOx (ppm) 432.4 431.9 437.8 459.1 447.8 448.3 449.9 439.9 451.6 455.7 443.7 449.3

CxHy (ppm) 800.9 803.4 813.1 797.9 805.3 804.3 811.7 810.2 819.1 814.3 816.8 802.9

Vehicular emission at Meezan chowkTotal observed vehicles = 20Types of vehicles observed :

a. Diesel Engine vehicles = 12b. Petrol engine vehicles = 08

Date of measurement : 26-27 Feb, 2004

Source: SUPARCO

Air Pollution in the City ( Contd..)

1. Vehicular emission (Contd….)

b. Petrol Engine Vehicles

Parameters Observed Values

Vehicles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

CO (ppm) 150.3 157.9 153.5 151.9 158.9 153.7 156.6 155.5

NOx (ppm) 551.9 553.4 552.9 559.9 558.2 552.7 549.7 555.1

CxHy (ppm) 602.5 600.9 598.7 612.9 607.8 603.2 596.9 599.6

Source: SUPARCO

Air Pollution in the City ( Contd..)

2. Waste disposalTotal generation of solid waste in the city is about 500-600 tons per day

3. Surface dust4. Improper Sanitation/Drainage5. Stone crush

14 crush plants are operating in District 6. Skin and hide / Open slaughtering

3000 animals (Small/Large) per day

Effects of air pollution

Carbon monoxide causes dizziness and difficulty in breathing, reduces tolerance to exercise and impairs menial function. Impairs fetal development, and aggravates cardiovascular diseases.

Hydrocarbon is a suspected contributor to Cancer. Major precursors in the formation of Photochemical Oxidants through Atmospheric Reactions

Effects of air pollution (Contd…)

Hydrocarbons and Nitrogen Oxides combine with sunlight lo form ground Level Ozone (Smog). Ozone at ground level is a harmful gas and causes Heart Problems and Breathing related diseases such as Asthma and Lmphyscma. Special harmful to children and the elderly

Nitrogen di-Oxidein air causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and chronic Nephritis.

Effects of air pollution (Contd…)

Photochemical Oxidants aggravates Respiratory and Cardiovascular illnesses

Lead used as Anti-Knock agent in Fuels, comes organs the Auto Tail Pipes.Accumulates in the body organs and impairs Nervous system, effects Bones and Kidneys and is specially harmful to Children and significantly effect the IQ level.

Particulate matter aggravates the effects of gaseous pollutants, aggravation of Asthma or other respiratory or Cardio-respiratory symptoms. Increase cough and chest discomfort, Impairment of visibility, interference with plant photosynthesis.

City’s response to the problem of Air Pollution

EPA Balochistan EPA with the support of corps of volunteer,

PAF and civil administration was able to relocated 89 brick kilns within the valley

EPA Balochistan with help of Canadian assistance converted 19 Rikshaws on CNG in a demonstration phase

City’s response to the problem of Air Pollution (Contd…)

EPA Balochistan (Contd…) The EPA Balochistan has recently requested

Pak-EPA to conduct a study on ambient air of Quetta city.

Advocating to shift 14 crusher out side of the city

City’s response to the problem of Air Pollution (Contd…)

EPA Balochistan (Contd…) An automatic vehicle tuning station is also

functional at affordable rates in Quetta city with the assistance of UNDP/ENERCON

Under the Japanese grant EPA in collaboration with the ministry of environment Govt. of Pakistan will set up two fixed air monitoring stations at Quetta

City’s response to the problem of Air Pollution (Contd…)

City government level Submitted PC-1 regarding the compositing plant. Removal of the encroachment on regular basis. Launched awareness raising campaign on

environmental issues in different institutions conducted seminars/walks etc.

Procured two mechanical sweeping vehicle for the cleanliness of the city.

City’s response to the problem of Air Pollution (Contd…)

Civil society / NGOs Level EFB, SEA, PIDS, NWS and PPDS were the

partners under QKAEMP project, they were involved in common mobilization, mass awareness, education, advocacy and capacity building activities and to improve environmental condition of the selected pocket areas of the QKAEMP

Problems and Weaknesses

Financial constraints

Inappropriate legislation/policies

Enforcement/implementation of law

Lack of coordination

Problems and Weaknesses

Lack of capacity in the institutions

Lack of mass awareness

Rampant availability of adulterated smuggled fuel.

Lack of CNG infrastructure

Way ahead

Vision Clean Quetta Pollution free Proposed plans Strengthening of Motor Vehicle

Examination (MVE) Revitalize the motor vehicle examination

branch Strengthening of EPA, District Govt, MVE

and Traffic Police

Way ahead (Contd…)

Proposed plans (contd..) Review administrative structures Comprehensive mass awareness

campaign should be launched through print & electronic media, leaflets workshops, seminars etc

Massive vehicle inspection programme through establishment of Green Squad.

Way ahead (Contd…)

Proposed plans (contd..) Static monitoring units be installed in

different parts of the city as well as mobile monitoring vans should be in place

Effective and efficient coordination among all the stakeholders

All new dedicated CNG operated buses / trucks be exempted from taxes

Way ahead (Contd…)

Proposed plans (contd..) Incentives and subsidy should be given in

form of exempting taxes, duties on CNG infrastructure, vehicles

Establishment of traffic engineering bureau

Establishment of VETS

Thank you