Group 51. Raza Hussain2. Ram Chand

3. Syed Ishfaq Ahmad4. Khizer Arshad

5. Abdullah

Civil Engineering Materials

Presentation

Presented To

>> Dr. Khan Shahzada

>> UET Peshawar

Raza Hussain & Abdullah

Paints

Properties of paints

There are of a number ways to judge paint quality:WearabilityCovering ability Ease of cleaning Protection of the substrateEnvironmentally friendlyPractical and cost effective

A well decorated bedroom with paints

Composition Of Paints

• Fundamental components of an oil-based paint are• Body• Vehicle• Pigment• Thinner• Dryer

Body• Makes the paint film harder and more

resistant to abrasion.• Reduces shrinkage cracks on drying • In white paint > > body is also the pigment • Commonly used bases (body) are White lead,

Zinc oxide, Iron oxide, Metallic powder such as Al, Cu, Br.• Paints more often named the base as lead

paint, zinc paint and aluminium paint

• The Binder or resin, is the actual film forming component of paint.• It impacts adhesion, binds the

pigments together and strongly influences such properties as gloss potential, exterior durability, flexibility and toughness.

Vehicle

• Oily liquid in which the body and pigment are soluble.• Facilities the paint to be conveniently

spread over the surface.• Oils most commonly used as vehicle.

Cont…

• The main purpose of the vehicle is to adjust the viscosity of the paint.• It is volatile and does not become part of

the paint film.• It’s main function is as the carrier for the

non volatile components.• Water is the main vehicle for water based

paints.

Pigments

• Pigments are materials which gives the paint its colour. In white paint the body is the pigment. Natural pigments (natural iron oxides). Synthetic pigments (phthalocynines > > coal tar derivatives).• Pigments imparts qualities such as color

and opacity (sometimes inappropriately called ‘hiding’), and influences properties such as gloss, film flow and protective abilities

Thinner

• Liquid thinner is added in the paint to • Increases fluidity• Making paint more smooth• Help penetration into porous surfaces

Dryers

• Added to quicken the drying of vehicle.• Organic salts of iron, zinc, lead,,

manganese Ca• To accelerate the oxidation and hardening

of vehicle.

Ram Chand

Bitumen

Bitumen

• Bitumen is an oil based substance. It is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product produced by removing the lighter fractions (such as liquid petroleum gas, petrol and diesel) from heavy crude oil during the refining process.

Bitumen• The most common

materials within the family of bitumen are tars, pitch and asphalt.

• These materials are used in damp proofing buildings, roofs and basements, painting timber and steel and for construction of roads.

Bitumen

• Bitumens are engineering materials produced• by the distillation of crude oil during petroleum

refining and exist in numerous forms and types.• Bitumens are dark viscous liquids or semi-

solids that are non-volatile at ambient temperatures and soften gradually when heated

Bitumen

Cont…

• Tar, bitumen and asphalt forms group of interrelated materials widely used in the field of civil engineering in damp proofing buildings, water proofing roofs, water proofing basements, painting timber, and steel and for constructing metalled roads.

Tar

• Coal tar is a brown or dark black liquid of high viscosity, which smells of aromatic hydrocarbons (sweet-smelling).• Being flammable, coal tar is sometime used

for heating or to fire boilers.• It can be used in coal tar soap and is used in

medicated shampoo to kill and repel parasites and as a treatment for dandruff.

Coal Tar

• Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke(fuel).• Gaseous by-product of this process is

commonly known as town gas.• It is used for coating of sleepers and woolen

poles

Wood Tar:

• It is obtained by the distillation (refining) of resinous wood. Wood tar contains creosote and as such has strong preservative (additives, Stabilizers) properties.

Mineral Tar:

• It is obtained by the distillation of bituminous shale.

• Pitch is the name for any of a number of viscoelastic, solid polymers. Pitch can be made from petroleum products or plants • COAL TAR PITCH:• It is the residue of the direct distillation of crude tar

produced by the high temperature carbonization of coal.• It is used as a water proofing compound in masonry,

steel and timber structure. It is also used for water proofing concrete structures.

Coal Tar Pitch

Properties of Bitumen• 1) Adhesion: • Bitumen has the ability to adhere to a solid surface in a fluid state

depending on the nature of the surface. The presence of water on the surface will prevent adhesion.

• 2) Resistance to water: • Bitumen is water resistant.

• 3) Hardness: • To measure the hardness of bitumen, the penetration test is

conducted, which measures the depth of penetration in tenths of mm. of a weighted needle in bitumen after a given time, at a known temperature.

Cont…

• 4) Ductility: • Ductility test is conducted to determine the amount of

bitumen that will stretch at temperature below its softening point. • Ductility values ranges from 0 to over 150 depending

on the type of bitumen. A briquette having a cross sectional area of 1 in2 is placed in a tester at• 77 0F. Ductility values ranges from 0 to over 150

depending on the type of bitumen.

Syed Ishfaq Ahmad

Asphalt

Asphalts

• Asphalts are dark brown or black solids or semisolids which are found in natural state and are also produced by the refining of petroleum.

• The largest use of asphalt is for making road surfaces and accounts for approximately 80% of the asphalt consumed.

Asphalt

• Asphalt is a substance that causes particles of sand,gravel and crushed stone to stick together to form a pavement

Asphalt stick with crush

Types of Asphalt

• There are three types of Asphalt • Hot Asphalt• Cutback Asphalt• Emulsion Asphalt

Hot Asphalt

• Those asphalt which are softened by heat• Hot asphalt can be use directly or it can be

processed further to produce a harder material.• Hot asphalts have good resistance to the

transmission of water and water vapour

Hot Asphalt cont…

• Hot asphalt bond poorly to damp or wet surfaces, have relatively poor flexibility , oxidize under the sun’s rays,and are brittle at low temperature.

Cutback Asphalt

• Those asphalts which are dissolved in mineral solvents.• Such asphalts have poor bonding power on

wet surfaces but some of them have damp bonding ability.•

Emulsion Asphalt

• Those asphalts which are dispersed or suspended in a water base.• They have good bonding qualities ,even to

damp or wet surfaces.• Undergo less deterioration(decay) from

weather exposure than other forms of asphalts

Types of Asphalts

• There are three main groups of asphalt• Hot Asphalt: those softened by heat• Cut back Asphalt: those dissolved in mineral

solvent• Emulsion Asphalt: those dispersed or

suspended in a water base.

Uses of Asphalt

• Its greatest use as in road construction, side walk, airports runways etc.• It can also be used in the manufacture of

sealants, acoustical coatings ,paints, floor tile, and mastic flooring.• Also used for paving.• Some Industrial uses are logyards, ports,

landfill caps.

USES OF ASPHALTS

• For surfacing roads• For flooring industrial

buildings• In railway platform• As a filler in leaking joint• Manufacturing of plastic

and Paints

Use of asphalt on road

Khizer Arshad

Varnishes

Varnish

• Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish used to protect the surface from corrosive effect of the environment.

• Unlike paint they allow the original surface to show, and enhances it by adding a glossy finish.

Types of Varnishes• Natural resin varnishes :-• Obtained from natural resin of certain trees . They are useful for outside

works on walls. Prepared by dissolving resin in oil heating mixture up to 500-600 C . Greater the temp greater the gloss of varnish.

• Modified natural resin varnish :-• Made from natural resin but altered by chemical reactions.

Prepared by heating common resin with glycerin to form a gum which is considered as a body for varnish. These are less expansive then oleo resinous varnishes.

• Synthetic resin varnishes :-• Produced by plastic industry. These are chemically prepared . The

chemicals include nitrocellulose , amino resins and silicon.

Classification of Varnishes

Cont…

• SHORT-OIL VARNISH• Short-oil contain 5 to 12 gal of oil per 100 lbs

of resin• Dry rapidly ► form a hard film that withstand

much rough usage• Polishing varnish belongs to this group

Thank You