pain control in surgical patient presented by dr azza serry
TRANSCRIPT
PAIN CONTROL IN SURGICAL PATIENT
PRESENTED BY
DR AZZA SERRY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• PAIN DEFINITION AND TYPES
• PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PAIN
• PAIN PATHWAY
• PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALE
• PAIN ANALGESIA
PAIN • It is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage
• It is a protective mechanism warns the body of something that requires attention .
TYPES OF PAIN
•Acute pain
•Chronic pain
ACUTE PAIN
•It follows the injury ,resolves when body injury heals , associated with tachycardia , hypertension , pallor .
•Examples , broken leg ,tooth infection
CHRONIC PAIN
• It is a persistent pain lasting for more than three months, that can disrupt sleep, mood and normal living activities, not associated with sympathetic hyperactivity .
•Example : joint pain , back pain .
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PAIN
• Hypertension, ↑ heart rate
•↑ respiratory rate, splint chest wall → atelectasis
•Anxiety , sleeplessness
•Decrease mobility ( increase risk of deep venous thrombosis)
•Urinary retention ,
PAIN PATHWAY
PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALES
• VERBAL SCALE :
• None , mild , mild , severe
• VISUAL ANALOGUE SCORE :
• Ranging from worst pain ever (10 ) , to no pain at all ( 0 ) .
PAIN ANALGESIA
• ANALGESIA IS ABSENCE OF PAIN
• FOLLOW ANALGESIC LADDER
TYPES
•SIMPLE ANALGESICS
•OPIODS
SIMPLE ANALGESICS
• Paracetamol mild pain analgesic , antipyretic , oral , intravenous
• Overdose → liver failure
NSAIDSNON –STEROIDAL ANTI- INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
• Ibuprofen, diclofenac
•Reduce pain sensation, reduce inflammation that accompanies and worsens pain
•Used in mild to moderate pain, oral , injectable
• Increase bleeding tendency, nephrotoxic, bronchospasm.
OPIOID ANALGESICS
•Morphine, fentanyl, analgesia, euphoria, cerntral and peripheral receptors ( opiate receptors ) .
• Used in severe pain, oral, injectable,
• Can cause respiratory depression , nausea ,vomiting , hypotension ,addiction .