pageant 33-35 review. eleanor roosevelt most influential first lady champion of the dispossessed
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Pageant 33-35 Review
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Eleanor Roosevelt
• Most influential first lady
• Champion of the dispossessed
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Frances Perkins
• First female cabinet member- Secretary of Labor
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1932 Campaign
• Hoover- said recovery was just around the corner
• FDR- willing to try bold experimentation
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1932 Election• FDR wins in a landslide
• African Americans shifted from Republican to Democratic
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Hoover- early 1933
• Wanted FDR to stick to anti-inflationary policies
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Glass-Steagall Act
• Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure bank deposits
• FDR wanted to stimulate inflation with “managed currency”
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Demagogues
• Huey P. Long- promised to give all families $5,000
• Father Coughlin- anti-Semitic
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National Recovery Act (NRA)
• Required too much sacrifice on the part of industry, labor and the public
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Attempted to reduce farm production
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Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
• Reversed force assimilation
• Established tribal self-government
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Federal Securities Act and Securities Exchange Commission
• Provide full disclosure of information
• Prevent insider trading with the NY Stock Exchange
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Tennessee Valley Authority• Tennessee Valley was a hundred years
behind the rest of the US
• Improved Navigation, flood control and power from high dams
• Electrical Power- controversial aspect
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Wagner Act of 1935
• Gave labor the right to bargain collectively
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Supreme Court
• After packing scandal, supported more New Deal Programs
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Civilian Conservation Corps
• Worked on natural projects
• Men were required to send portion of earnings home
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New Deal
• Provided moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism
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London Economic Conference
• Boycotted by FDR- felt it stabilizing national currencies would hurt US recovery
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Soviet Union
• Recognized by FDR- viewed as a possible ally against Germany and Japan
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Philippines
• Became an economic liability for the US
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Good Neighbor Policy
• FDR viewed Latin America as allies to defend the western hemisphere against dictators
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FDR’s Foreign-Trade Policy
• Lowered tariffs to encourage trade
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American Attitudes
• 1930s- most Americans wanted to retreat further into isolationism
• By mid-1930s- support for a constitutional amendment requiring a popular referendum to declare war
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Neutrality Acts• Americans would not sail on ships of
warring nations
• US would not sell weapons to any warring nations
• This style
look familiar?
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Spanish Civil War
• US remained neutral
• Spain became a fascist dictatorship
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Jewish Refugees
• Not fully accepted by America
• US had a difficult time imagining the Holocaust could be happening
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Fall of France• US responded by passing a conscription
law
• US gave GB destroyers in exchange for naval bases in the Western hemisphere
• Basically ended US neutrality
• US public opinion wanted to support GB, but stay out of fighting
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FDR’s Third Term
• Broke with precedence established by G. Washington
• Completely constitutional at that point (22nd Amendment passed later)
• Motivated by belief that US needed his leadership with impending international crisis
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Lend-Lease Aid
• Available to Soviets after German invasion
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Pearl Harbor
• Ended public reluctance to enter WW II
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US Entry in WW II
• Public wanted revenge – no idea what the war was about
• Retooled industry for war production
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Japanese Americans
• Viewed as possible saboteurs
• Relocated away from West coast
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Synthetic Rubber
• Government commissioned production to offset loss of access to prewar supply in SE Asia
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Women’s Roles in WW II
• Filled positions left by men heading to war
• Lead to day-care centers by the government
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African Americans
• Rallied behind the double “V”
• Moved north and west in large numbers
• Fought in segregated units
• Formed CORE
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National Debt
• Increased most during WW II
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Bataan Death March
• Occurred on the Philippines- 60 mile brutal march- over 20,000 died on the march and while imprisoned
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1942- Japanese
• Overextended themselves with territorial gains
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Island Hopping • American strategy in the Pacific of
gaining important islands to get closer for an invasion of Japan
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Coral Sea • Prevented a Japanese invasion of
Australia
• The first naval battle where opposing ships never were in sight of each other
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Guadalcanal • The first American offensive of
the war in the Pacific
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Midway
• Japan lost 4 aircraft carriers and the ability to fight an offensive war
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Stalingrad• Turning point in Europe
• Furthest extent of Nazi offensive in Russia
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North Africa
• American troops fought mainly against Germans
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Erwin Rommel
• The leader of German troops in North Africa
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Casablanca Conference• Churchill and FDR decide to
attack Sicily
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Unconditional Surrender
• Wanted to avoid a negotiated peace or armistice
• Eventually complicated problems of postwar reconstruction
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Rationing
• Americans cut back on goods needed for the war effort
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Sicily• The Allies invaded in an attempt
to control the Mediterranean
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George Patton
• US general involved in the European Theatre
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Italian Campaign
• Attempt to attack Europe through the “soft underbelly”
• German army poured in and stalled the Allied advance
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D-Day
• Cross Channel invasion of Normandy, led by Eisenhower
• Erwin Rommel- German in charge of defenses
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Election of 1944
• Positive war news helped FDR
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Battle of the Bulge• December,1944
• Last German offensive of the war
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Iwo Jima and Okinawa
• Important battles because they were closer for the U.S. to bomb and possibly attack Japan
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Kamikazes • Used mainly against American
ships
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Potsdam Conference
• Ultimatum to Japan- surrender or be destroyed
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Pros and Cons to Atomic Bombs
• Pros-• Ended war quickly• Saved US lives• Probably saved
Japanese lives
• Cons-• Killed many civilians• Was Japan ready to
surrender already?