pachakkari krishi

kpc£nX ]®°dnIrjn°vHcp eLpteJ 1

kpc£nX ]®°dnIrjn°vHcp eLpteJ

^mw C≥^¿ta-j≥ _yqtdm

tIcf k¿°m¿

kpc£nX ]®°dnIrjn°vHcp eLpteJ2

kpc-£n-X-]-®-°dnIrjn°vHcp eLp-teJ

No v FUn‰¿

sI. inhm-\-μ≥

{]n≥kn-∏¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿


GtIm-]\w

{io. F≥. hnP-b-≥

AUo. Ub-d-IvS¿, Irjn-h-Ip∏v

FUn-‰¿

Fen-k-_Øv tPm¿Pv

]ªn-t°-j≥ Hm^o-k¿


te Hu v, Unssk\nMv

Zo]Iv auØm- n¬


cmkIrjnbneqsS hnfbn°p∂ D¬]∂ßƒ Ht´sd BtcmKy

{]iv\ßƒ°pw ]cnÿnXn {]iv\ßƒ°pw ImcWambnØocpIbmWv. a\pjys‚

BtcmKyØn\pw tcmK{]Xntcm[i‡n°pw Hcp Znhkw 300 {Kmw ]®°dnsb¶nepw

`£n®ncn°Wsa∂mWv C≥Uy≥ saUn°¬ Iu¨knens‚ \n¿t±iw. F∂m¬

tIcf P\XbpsS ]®°dn D]tbmKw hfsc hfsc IpdhmWv. (icmicn 50˛100

{Kmw am{Xw). a\pjys‚ BtcmKykwc£WØn\v t]mjI Iehdbmb

]®°dnbpsS D]tbmKw A\nhmcyambn Xo¿∂ncn°p∂p. C∂p hn]Wnbn¬

\n∂pw e`n°p∂ ]®°dnIfn¬ BtcmKyØn\pw Bbpkn\pw lm\nIcamb

hnjhkvXp°ƒ ASßnbncn°p∂p. kpc£nXamb ]®°dn e`n°Wsa¶n¬

kz¥ambn Irjn sNtø≠nbncn°p∂p. CXphgn IoS\min\nIƒ {]tbmKn°mØ

t]mjIw \nd™, ]pXpabp≈ ]®°dnIƒ ho´pap‰Øp\n∂pw e`yam°phm\pw

IqSmsX BtcmKyhpw am\kntIm√mkhpw ]Wem`hpw kz¥am°phm\pw

km[n°pw.

BapJw


\w. D≈S°w t]Pv \w.

1. ho´phf∏nse ]®°dn Irjn ............................................... 6

2. a´p∏mhnse ssPhIrjn ........................................................ 7

3. hnhn[bn\w ]®°dnIfpsS IrjncoXnIƒ .................. 9

4. ]®°dn hnfIfnse tcmK IoS_m[ .............................. 36

5. ssPhIoS\min\nIƒ............................................................. 37

6. ]®°dnbnse IoS\nb{¥WØn\v

D]tbmKn°p∂ sIWnIƒ .................................................. 39

7. PohmWp°sf D]tbmKn®p≈ IoS tcmK

\nb{¥Ww .................................................................................. 40

9. ssPh IoS\nb{¥WØn\p]tbmKn°p∂

kq£vamWp°ƒ........................................................................ 41

PohmWphfßƒ ....................................................................... 42

10. t_m¿tUm an{inXw (1%) ...................................................... 43

11. ssPh hf{]tbmKw ................................................................. 44

12. ItºmÃv \n¿ΩmWw .............................................................. 47

13. kq£vamWp hfßƒ .............................................................. 49

14. ItºmfØn¬ \n∂pw hmßp∂ ]®°dnIsf

hnjap‡am°m≥ ..................................................................... 50

15. KpW\nehmcØn\v ˛ hnfshSp∏p apX¬

D]t`mKw hsc ........................................................................... 54

kpc£nX ]®°dnIrjn°vHcp eLpteJ


ho´phf∏nse ]®°dnIrjnHc¬]w ÿeaps≠¶n¬ ASp°f sXmSnIfn¬ \ap°v Bhiyamb

]®°dnIƒ IrjnsNbvXp≠m°mw. ASp°ftØm´Øns‚ hen∏w

\n¿Æbn°p∂Xv IpSpw_Ønse AwKßfpsS FÆhpw ÿeØns‚ e`yXbpw

A\pkcn®mbncn°Ww. Hcp IpSpw_Øn\v Bhiyamb ]®°dnIƒ btYjSw

e`n°Wsa¶n¬ Hcmƒ°v Ac sk‚ v F∂ IW°n¬ Irjnÿew Bhiyambn

hcpw. \√ \o¿hm¿®bpw hf°qdpap≈ aÆmWv ]®°dnIrjn°v DNnXw.

aWens‚ Awiw IqSpXemsW¶n¬ [mcmfw ssPhhfw

tN¿ØpsImSpt°≠XmWv.

sh≈hpw shfn®hpw [mcmfw e`n°p∂ ÿeamWv ]®°dnIrjn°v G‰hpw

A\ptbmPyw. hoSns‚ sX°p`mKØv IqSpX¬ shbn¬ e`n°p∂Xn\m¬ AhnsS

]®°dn Irjn sNømw. InWdns‚ ASpØmsW¶n¬ \\bv°m\p≈ kuIcyhpw

e`n°pw. tkm∏v , a‰ v Un‰¿P‚pIƒ F∂nh Ie¿∂ sh≈w

tXm´ØnseØmXncn°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n°Ww. Zo¿LImew hnfhv Xcp∂

C\ßƒ°pw hnfIƒ°pw ASp°ftØm´Øn¬ {]tXyIw ÿew Is≠ØWw.

Idnth∏v, apcnß, \mcIw, ]∏mb, hmg Chsb√mw Xs∂ tXm´Øn\cnInembn

\Smw.

XWen¬ hfcm≥ Ignbp∂ C©n, a™ƒ, tN\, tNºv, Im®n¬,

a[pc°ngßv F∂nh a‰phnfIfpsS CSbn¬ Irjn sNømw. Chbv°nSbn¬

ho´mhiyØn\p≈ apfIv, Im¥mcn F∂nhbpw \Smw. _m°nbp≈ ÿeØv

sNdnb tπm´pIƒ Xncn®v ]eXcw ]®°dnIƒ hf¿Ømw. Htc tπm´n¬ Xs∂

Htc IpSpw_Øn¬s∏´ ]®°dnIƒ XpS¿®bmbn Irjn sNøcpXv. AXmbXv

X°mfn, apfIv, hgpX\ F∂nh Irjn sNbvX ÿeØv ASpØ XhW Noc,

]b¿, sh≈cn h¿§ßƒ F∂nhbntesX¶nepw \Smw. tcmKIoS_m[ Ipdbm\pw

aÆns‚ ]eXeßfn¬ \n∂pw hfw hens®Sp°m\pw Cu hnf]cn{Iaw

klmbn°p∂p.

ASp°ftØm´w BI¿jIam°m≥ ]®°dnsIm≠p Xs∂ Hcp thenbpw

D≠m°mw. a[pcNoc AYhm sN°p¿am\nkv hfsc t]mjIKpWap≈ Hcp

Ce°dnbmWv. CXns‚ HcSn \ofØnep≈Xpw CSØcw aqs∏ØnbXpamb

IºpIƒ 30 sk.ao. AIeØn¬ \´m¬ Ah hf¿∂v \√ thenbmbnØocpw.

Aac, NXpc∏b¿, tImh¬, \nXyhgpX\, ]o®n¬ F∂o ]S¿∂pIbdp∂

hnfIfpw thenbn¬ ]S¿Ømw.

ho´hf∏nse ]®°dnIrjn°v ssPhhfßƒ am{Xw D]tbmKn®m¬ aXn.

NmWIw, tImgnhfw, B´n≥ImjvTw, ]nÆm°v, ssPhkvfdn, ItºmÃv F∂nh

e`yXb\pkcn®v D]tbmKn°mw. DW°ns∏mSn® NmWIw sks‚m∂n\v 200

Intem{Kmw F∂ IW°n¬ aÆpambn tN¿Ønf°Ww. ho´phf∏ns‚

HcXn¿Ønbn¬ ioas°m∂ \´m¬ BhiyØn\v ]®nehfw e`n°pw. ASp°f

amen\yßfpw, ]®nehfßfpw, NmWIhpw tN¿Øv ItºmÃv D≠m°pIbpw

Bhmw.


aÆns‚ Pemwiw \jvSs∏SmXncn°m≥ sNSnIƒ°nSbn¬ DWßnb ]pt√m,

ssht°mtem, CeItfm, C v ]pXbnSp∂Xpw \√XmWv. Bhiym\pkcWw hfw

tN¿Øv, \\ \¬In, ssPhIoS\min\nIfpw tN¿Øm¬ Hcp

IpSpw_Øn\mhiyamb apgph≥ ]®°dnIfpw ASp°fsØmSnbn¬ \n∂pw

e`n°pw.

Hcp amXrIm ASp-°ftØm´w Nn{Xw 1 (2.5 sk‚ v)

a´p∏mhnse ssPhIrjnIrjn ÿew e`ya√mØ \Kc {]tZißfnse IpSpw_ßƒ°v ]®°dn

e`yam°m≥ Gsd A\ptbmPyamWv a´p∏mhnse Irjn. Ipd™ sNehn¬

G‰hpw \√ ]®°dnIƒ Bhiym\pkcWw e`n°p∂p F∂XmWv CXns‚

sa®w. ho´nse ssPhamen\yßƒ hfambpw IpSpw_mwKßfpsS Hgnhpkabw

Irjn∏WnIƒ°pw D]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbpw F∂ khntijXbpap≠v.

cmkhfßƒ Hgnhm°p∂Xn\m¬ a´p∏mhnse IrjnbneqsS e`n°p∂

kpc£nXamb ]®°dnIƒ IpSpw_mwKßfpsS BtcmKyw sa®s∏SpØp∂p.

a´p∏mhnse Irjn Nm°n¬

sNSn®´ntb°mƒ a´p∏mhnse Irjn°v A\ptbmPyw πmÃnIv Nm°mWv.

Imenbmb kna‚ v Nm°v, hf®m°v, Acn˛]ehy⁄\ Nm°v F∂nh

D]tbmKn°mw. Nm°ns‚ aqeIƒ D≈nte°v Ib‰nsh®v aÆp an{inXw \nd®p

thWw ]®°dnIfpsS hntØm ssXtbm \tS≠Xv. `mc°pdhv, hne°pdhv,

aÆpan{inXØn¬ Cu¿∏w ]nSn®p\n¿Øm\p≈ Ignhv F∂nhbmWv πmÃnIv

Nm°pIfpsS sa®w. c≠p `mKw aÆv, Hcp `mKw aW¬, Hcp `mKw

tπm´v ˛ 1]b¿

tπm´v ˛ 2Iq¿°

tπm´v ˛ 3]mh¬

tπm´v ˛ 4X°mfn

tπm´v ˛ 5apfIv

tπm´v ˛ 6hgp-Xn\

a[pc Noc

a[pc Noc

h≈

n ]b

¿5 a

o‰¿

ItºmÃvIpgn

\nXy-h-gp-Xn\ _mk√ Noc

Im¥mcnCcp-ºw-]pfnIdn-th-∏ne]∏mbapcnß\mcIwtN\

I∏a™ƒC©nIm®n¬hmg

tImh¬ ]o®n¬

Noc

Noc Noc

Noc


NmWIs∏mSntbm ItºmtÃm F∂nh tN¿sØSp°p∂XmWv aÆpan{inXw.

ssIhcntbmsS tN¿Øpw ASnbn¬ Npa¿ hcp∂ mKØv a´p∏mhns‚ apIfnembpw

hcnbmbn Nm°pIƒ shbv°mw. aq∂v CjvSnIIƒ ASp∏pt]mse Iqń AXn\p

apIfn¬ Nm°p hbv°p∂XmWv \√Xv. Nm°n¬ \n∂pw sh≈w C‰phoWm¬

t]mepw a´p∏mhn¬ sNfn sI´mXncn°m≥ CXpaqew Ignbpw. agsh≈Øns‚

Hgp°v a´p∏mhn¬ XSks∏SmXncn°m\pw Nm°ns‚ ASnbn¬ CjvSnIIƒ

hbv°p∂Xv klmbn°pw.

XpS¿®bmbn aqt∂m \mtem hnfIƒ°v Htc Nm°v aXnbmIpw. Htcm hnf

Ignbptºmgpw aÆnf°n ssPhhfw tN¿Øn´v ASpØ hnf \SpI. Hmtcm

XhWbpw Htc Nm°n¬ hnfam‰n \Sm\pw {i≤n°Ww.

a´p∏mhnse ssPh Irjn

cmkhfßfpw cmkIoS\min\nIfpw a´p∏mhnse Irjnbn¬ Hgnhm°pI.

hońse ssPhamen\yßfn¬ \n∂p≈ ItºmÃv, NmWIs∏mSn, tImgn°mjvTw

F∂nh Dƒs∏sSbp≈ ssPhhfßƒ am{Xw a´p∏mhnse Irjn°v \¬IpI.

cmkhfßƒ \¬Inbm¬ Ah sh≈samgn°ptºmƒ Hen®ndßn a´p∏mhn\v

_e£bw D≠mIpw.

ssPhhfw˛Atkmf

A¥co£Øn¬ \n∂pw ss\{SP≥ hens®Sp°p∂ \nXylcnX]mbens\

Dƒs°m≈p∂ Atkmf F∂ kkyw ]®°dnIrjn°v \s√mcp ssPhhfamWv.

a´p∏mhn¬ Ińbp≈ t]mfnØo≥ jo‰psIm≠p≠m°nb Bgw Ipd™ Sm¶nse

sh≈Øn¬ Atkmf kar≤ambn hfcp∂p. Sm¶v \ndbptºmƒ Atkmf hmcn

Nm°nse ]®°dnIƒ°v ssPhhfambn \¬Imw. Sm¶n¬ Ah ho≠pw s]cpIn

hf¿∂psIm≈pw. CSbv°nsS ]®®mWIw Ie°n Hgn®p sImSp°p∂Xv

AtkmfbpsS hf¿®bv°v klmbIcamIpw.

a´p∏mhnse Irjn°pNp‰pw a‰psNSnIƒ C√mØXn\mepw Xd\nc∏n¬

\n∂pw hfsc DbcØnembXn\mepw IoSmWp°fpsS ieyw Ipdhmbncn°pw.

Znhkhpw cmhnse Hmtcm sNSnbpsSbpw CeIfpsSbpw Ccphißfpw ]cntim[n®v

IoSßfps≠¶n¬ Ahsb s]dp°nsbSpØv sIm∂v IfbpI. ]bdnse

ap™t]mse arZpicocap≈ \ocq‰n°pSn°p∂ {]mWnIƒs°Xnsc acp∂p Xfn

Bhiysa¶n¬ am{Xw ]pIbne°jmbw D≠m°n Xfn°pI.

ssPh IoS\min\n˛ ]pIbne°jmbw

]pIbne°jmbw Xømdm°p∂Xn\v Ac Intem{Kmw ]pIbne sNdpXmbn

Acn™v \mec en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬ IpXn¿Øv Hcp Znhkw hbv°pI. AXn\p

tijw ]pIbne°jWßƒ ]ngn™v N≠n am‰n kØv Acns®Sp°pI. sNdnb

NofpIfmbn NoInsbSpØ 120 {Kmw _m¿tkm∏v Acen‰¿ sh≈Øn¬ ebn∏n®p

In´p∂ tkm∏pemb\n Acns®Sp°pI. tkm∏pemb\n ]pIbne°jmbhpambn

\∂mbn tN¿Ønf°pI. Cu emb\n Bdncń sh≈w tN¿Øv sNSnIfn¬

Xfn°mw.


a´p∏mhnse Irjn°v tdj≥ PetkN\w

cmhnsebpw sshIpt∂chpw \n›nX Afhn¬ Nm°pIfn¬

sh≈samgn°Ww. Nm°nse aÆpan{inXØns‚ Afhv, sNSnIfpsSbpw

CeIfpsSbpw FÆw, Imemhÿ F∂nhsb B{ibn®v Hgn°p∂ sh≈Øns‚

Afhv hyXymks∏SpØWw. sh≈Øns‚ Afhv Ipd™m¬ sNSnIƒ hmSn

\in°pw. sh≈Øns‚ Afhv IqSnbm¬ Nm°n¬ \n∂pw C‰phoWv a´p∏mhv

\\bpw. AXn\m¬ Hgn°p∂ sh≈Øns‚ Afhv tdj≥ t]mse

]cnanXs∏SpØpI. (a´p∏mhnse ]®°dnIrjn BZmbØn\pw BtcmKyØn\pw

B\μØn\pw DØaw.)

hnhn[bn\w ]®°dnIfpsS IrjncoXnIƒ

I Ceh¿§ ]®°dnIƒ

Noc

tIcfØnse G‰hpw {]Nmctadnb Ce°dnhnfbmWv Noc. ssPhIrjnbn¬

G‰hpw {]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂ IrjnapdbmWv Imemhÿbv°pw aÆn\pw tbmPn®

tcmK{]Xntcm[ i‡nbp≈ C\ßƒ Irjn sNøpI F∂Xv.

A\ptbmPyamb Imew F√mImeØpw Irjn sNømw

C\-ßƒ

1. Acp¨ ˛ AXypXv]mZ\tijnbp≈ Nph∂ Nocbn\w.

EXp_‘kz`mhw C√.

2. tamln\n ˛ ]®\ndap≈ CeIƒ

3. Irjn{io ˛ {_u¨ Ie¿∂ Nph∏v \ndap≈ Cu C\Øn\p

Ce∏p≈n tcmKw XmcXtay\ IpdhmWv.

4. tcWp{io ˛ ]® CeIfpw Nph∂ X≠pw Cu C\Øns‚

{]tXyIXbmWv.

5. kn.H. 1 ˛ ]® \ndap≈ C\amWv.

6. IÆmd \mS≥ ˛ Nph∏p \ndap≈ CeIƒ. Cu C\w \hw_¿,

Unkw_¿ amkßfn¬ ]qhnSp∂Xn\m¬ \So¬

kabw AXn\\pkcn®v {IaoIcn°Ww.

hnØns‚ tXmXv : Hcp sk‚n\v 8 {Kmw hnØv th≠n hcpw.

\So¬ coXn : t\cn´v hnXbpw ]dn®p \Soepw.

\gvkdn (XhmcW)

hnØv ]mIp∂Xn\v ap≥]v \gvkdn XSßƒ kqcyXm]oIcWØn\p

hnt[bam°nbm¬ aÆn¬ \n∂pw D≠mIp∂ ]e tcmKßfpw XSbmhp∂XmWv.

hnØp ]cnNcWØn\mbn 1 {Kmw kyqtUmtamWmkv s]mSn hnØpambn

Ie¿ØpI. \gvkdn tcmKßsf XSbp∂Xn\mbn Hcp NXpc{iao‰dn\p

ss{St°mU¿Ω kºpjvS Imenhfw 10 In.{Kmw., ]n.Pn.]n.B¿. an{inXw˛2 100{Kmw

F∂ tXmXn¬ \¬IpI.


Irjnÿew Hcp°epw \Soepw

Irjn ÿew Inf®p \nc∏m°nb tijw 30˛35 sk.ao hoXnbn¬ Bgw

Ipd™ NmepIƒ HcSn AIeØn¬ (30 sk.ao) FSp°pI. sk‚n\p 100 In.{Kmw

ss{St°mU¿Ω kºpjvS NmWIw NmepIfn¬ ASnhfambn aÆpambn Cf°n

tN¿°pI. Cu NmepIfn¬ 20 apX¬ 30 Znhkw {]mbamb ssXIƒ

kyqtUmtamWmkv emb\nbn¬ (20 {Kmw kyptUmtamWmkv 1 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬

Ie°nbXv) thcpIƒ 20 an\n v ap°nbXn\ptijw 20 sk.ao AIeØn¬ \SpI.

ag°meØv NmepIƒ°v ]Icw XSßƒ FSpØv \Sp∂XmWpØaw. Hcp sk‚n¬

657 sNSnIƒ \Smhp∂XmWv. ta¬ hfambn 8˛10 ZnhksØ CSthfbn¬ Xmsg

]dbp∂ GsX¶nepw ssPhhfw tN¿t°≠XmWv.

NmWI∏m¬/_tbmKymkv …dn (200 {Kmw) 4 en‰¿ sh≈hpambn tN¿ØXv/

tKmaq{Xw/sh¿an hmjv (200 en‰¿) 8 Ccń sh≈hpambn tN¿ØXv, 4 Intem

sh¿an ItºmÃv/tImgnhfw, ISe∏nÆm°v (200 {Kmw) 4 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬

IpXn¿ØXv Ch-bn-te-sX-¶nepw Hmtcm hnfshSp∏v Ignbptºmgpw t\¿∏n®

sh¿anhmjv Xfn®psImSpt°≠XmWv.

a‰p]cn]me\ apdIƒ

aÆn¬ Cu¿∏mwiw Cs√¶n¬ BhiyØn\v \\®p sImSp°Ww.

]pXbn´psImSp°p∂Xv \√XmWv. th\¬°meØv c≠p Znhkw CShns´¶nepw

\\bv°Ww. ag°meØv aÆv Iqńs°mSp°Ww.

kkykwc£Ww

IoSßƒ˛hnhn[bn\w ie`ßfpsS ]pgp°ƒ Nocsb B{Ian°p∂p.

1. IqSpsIń∏pgp°ƒ ˛ CeIƒ Iqń tbmPn∏n®v AXn\p≈nencp∂v Xn∂p

\in∏n°p∂p.

2. CeXo\n∏pgp°ƒ ˛ CeIƒ Xn∂p \in∏n°p∂p.

\nb{¥Wam¿§ßƒ

]pgp°tfmSpIqSn CeIƒ ]dns®SpØv \in∏n°pI. B{IaWw

I≠pXpSßp∂ AhkcØn¬ Xs∂ th∏n≥ IpcpkØv 5% Xfn°Ww.

PohmWpIoS\min\nbmb ssU∏¬ AYhm lmƒ´v (0.7 an√n) Hcp en‰¿

sh≈Øn¬ Xfn°pItbm s]cpheØns‚ 4% Ce®m¿ tkm∏psh≈hpambn

tN¿Øv Xfn°pItbm sNøpI.

tcmKßƒ Ce∏p≈n tcmKw

NocbpsS CeIfn¬ ASnhiØpw apIƒ∏c∏nepw Hcp t]mse ]p≈nIƒ

ImWs∏Sp∂p. Nph∂ NocbnemWv tcmKw IqSpXembn ImWs∏Sp∂Xv.


\nb{¥W am¿§ßƒ

kwtbmPnX \nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ Ahew_n®v tcmKw \nb{¥nt°≠XmWv.

Ce∏p≈n tcmKØns\Xnsc {]Xntcm[i‡nbp≈ kn.H.1 Irjn sNøpI. Nph∂

Noc X\nhnfbmbn Irjn sNømsX kn.H.1 F∂bn\w ]®®ocbpambn CSIe¿Øn

Irjn sNøpI. hnØnSp∂Xn\v ap≥]v kyqtUmtamWmkv Iƒ®¿ D]tbmKn®v

hnØp ]cnNcWw \SØpI. ss{St°msU¿Ω˛th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v kºpjvS

NmWIw aÆn¬ tN¿Øp sImSp°pI. 1 Intem ]® NmWIw 10 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬

Ie°n Xømdm°nb emb\nbpsS sXfn \n›nX Imebfhn¬ Xfn®p sImSp°pI.

Noc \\bv°ptºmƒ sh≈w CebpsS apIfn¬ IqSn Hgn°msX Nph´n¬ Hgn°pI.

1 {Kmw A∏°mcw 4 {Kmw a™ƒs∏mSn F∂nh Hcp en‰¿ ]m¬°mbemb\nbn¬

(4 {Kmw/en‰¿) tN¿Øv CebpsS c≠p hiØpw Xfn°Ww.

II sh≠\So¬°mew P\phcn˛s^{_phcn, sabv Pq¨, sk]v‰w_¿˛HIvtSm_¿

F∂o kabßfn¬ sh≠ Irjn sNømw.

C\ßƒ

1. kpÿnc ˛ samtk°v tcmKØns\Xnsc {]Xntcm[ tijnbp≠v.

ag°mesØ Irjn°v A\ptbmPyw.

2. k¬°o¿Øn ˛ Cfw ]® \ndØn¬ \ofap≈ ImbvIƒ.

3. Inc¨ ˛ 20˛30 sk.ao‰¿ \ofap≈ Cfw ]® \ndØnep≈ ImbvIƒ.

ag°me Irjn°v A\ptbmPyw.

4. AcpW, kn.H.1 ˛ \√ Nph∏v \ndap≈ ImbvIƒ.

5. A¿° A\manI, h¿j D]lm¿, A¿° A`b, ARvPnX F∂nh

samtk°v tcmKØns\Xnsc {]Xntcm[ i‡nbp≈hbmWv.

hnØns‚ tXmXv

Hcp sk‚n\v : 30 {Kmw hnØv th≠n hcpw.

\So¬ Imew : 60 x 60 sk.ao‰¿ (Hcp sk.ao‰dn¬ 222 sNSnIƒ)

hnØp ]cnNcWw : Hcp {Kmw kyqtUmtamWkv hnØpambn Ie¿Øn

hnØp ]cnNcWw \SØWw. hnØv hnX®v

Ign™m¬ aÆn¬ BhiyØn\v Cu¿∏w

D≠mIWw.

\So¬ coXn

Irjn ÿew Inf®v IfIƒ am‰n ]cphs∏SpØnsbSp°Ww. hnØv

hnXbv°p∂Xn\v 15 Znhkw ap≥]v sk‚n\v 2 Intem{Kmw IpΩmbw aÆn¬ tN¿Øp

sImSp°p∂Xv aÆnse AæXzw Ipdbv°pw. 100 Intem{Kmw NmWItam ItºmÃp

hftam 10 {Kmw ss{St°mU¿abpambn tN¿Øv XWen¬ 15 Znhkw kq£n®Xn\p

tijw ASnhfambn tN¿°Ww. ta¬ hfambn c≠mgvNbn¬ Hcn°¬ Xmsg

]dbp∂ GsX¶nepw Hcp hfw tN¿t°≠XmWv.


♦ NmWI∏m¬ As√¶n¬ _tbmKymkv …dn 200 {Kmw 4 en‰¿ sh≈hpambn

tN¿ØXv.

♦ tKmaq{Xw As√¶n¬ sh¿anhmjv 2 en‰¿ 8 Ccń sh≈hpambn tN¿ØXv.

♦ 4 Intem{Kmw aÆnchfw As√¶n¬ tImgnhfw.

♦ ISe∏nÆm°v 200 {Kmw 4 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬ IpXn¿ØXv.

a‰p ]cn]me\apdIƒ

aÆn¬ \\hv Cs√¶n¬ BhiyØn\v \\®p sImSp°Ww. ]pXbn´p

sImSp°p∂Xv IfIƒ \nb{¥n°m\pw aÆnse Cu¿∏mwiw \ne\n¿Øm\pw

klmbn°pw. th\¬°meØv c≠p ZnhkØnsemcn°¬ \\bvt°≠XmWv.

ag°meØv If ]dn°epw aÆpIqńs°mSp°epw \SØpI.

kkykwc£W am¿§ßƒ

tcmK{]Xntcm[ i‡nbp≈ C\ßƒ Irjn sNøp∂Xp hgn

tcmKIoS\nb{¥Ww Hcp ]cn[nhsc Ffp∏amWv. tXm´w ipNnbmbn

kwc£nt°≠XmWv.

tcmKßƒ1. samtk°v tcmKw

sh≠Irjnbn¬ km[mcW D≠mIp∂ Cu tcmKØns‚ e£Ww Ce

RcpºpIfnse ]®∏v \jvSs∏´v a™ \ndamIpIbpw RcºpIƒ XSn°pIbpw

sNøp∂XmWv. ImbvIƒ sNdpXpw a™ Ie¿∂ ]®

\ndtØmSpIqSnbXpambncn°pw. sh≈o®, CeØp≈≥ F∂o IoSßfmWv

sshdkns‚ tcmKhmlI¿.

\nb{¥W am¿§ßƒ

• tcmKap≈ sNSnIƒ I≠m¬ DS≥ ]ngpXv \in∏n°pI.

• ths∏Æ, shfpØp≈n a{inXw c≠p iXam\w hocyØn¬ \nw_knUn≥/

Ft°m\nw/bq\nw F∂o th∏[njvTnX IoS\min\nIƒ c≠p an√nen‰¿ F∂

tXmXn¬ Xfn®p sImSp°mhp∂XmWv. sshdkns‚ hmlIcmb a‰p IfIsf

\in∏nt°≠XmWv. tcmK {]Xntcm[ tijnbp≈ C\ßƒ (A¿° A\manI,

A¿° A`b) Irjn sNøpIbmWv DØaw. tcmKw _m[n°mØ \√

BtcmKyap≈ sNSnIfn¬ \n∂p am{Xw hnØv tiJcn°pI.

IoSßƒ

X≠pXpc∏≥, Imbv Xpc∏≥, Ce Npcpń∏pgp, thcns\ B{Ian°p∂

\nam hncIƒ, \ocq‰n°pSn°p∂ IoSßƒ F∂nhbmWv {][m\s∏´ IoSßƒ.

1. X≠v Xpc∏≥/ImbvXpc∏≥ ]pgp

shfpØ ap≥ NndIpIfn¬ ]® ASbmfap≈ ie`Øns‚ ]pgp°ƒ, Cfw


X≠pIfnepw ImbvIfnepw Xpf®p Ibdn Dƒ`mKw Xn∂v tISm°p∂p. X≠v hmSn

{ItaW Icnbp∂p. ImbvIfn¬ Zzmcßƒ ImWmw.

\nb{¥W am¿§ßƒ

hnØv \´v c≠mgvN Ignbptºmƒ th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v C´p sImSp°pI.

IoSm{IaWcq£X Ipdbv°p∂Xn\v CXv klmbn°pw. IoS_m[tb‰ X≠pw

ImbvIfpw apdn®pam‰pI. B{IaWw I≠pXpSßptºmƒ th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5%

Xfn°pI. hn]Wnbn¬ e`yamIp∂ th∏[njvTnX IoS\min\nIfpw

D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv.

2. \ocq‰pw IoSßƒ (]®Øp≈¬, ap™, sh≈o®)

Ch CebpsS ASnhiØv ]‰n∏nSn®ncp∂v \ocq‰n°pSn°p∂p. CeIƒ

a™fn®v DWßp∂p. IqSmsX sh≈o® sshdkv tcmKw ]cØpIbpw sNøp∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿§ßƒ

samssk°v tcmK {]Xntcm[ tijnbp≈ C\ßƒ Irjn sNøpI.

tXm´Øn¬ a™s°WnIƒ ÿm]n®v sh≈o®, ap™ F∂nhsb

IpSp°n \in∏n°pI.

ths∏Æ˛shfpØp≈n an{inXw 2%, ths∏Æ Fa¬j≥ 3% Chbn¬

GsX¶nepw H∂v Xfn°pI.

3. Ce Npcpń∏pgp

Cfw a™ NndIn¬ Xhn´p \ndØnep≈ hcIfp≈ ie`Øns‚ ]pgp°ƒ

Ce Npcpń \in∏n°p∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿§ßƒ

Ce NpcpfpIƒ ]dn®p \in∏n°pI.

th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5% Xfn°pI.

hn]Wnbn¬ e`yamIp∂ GsX¶nepw th∏[njvTnX IoS\min\n


_nthdnb _m nbm\ D]tbmKn°mw (_tbmKm¿Uv 5 an√n en‰¿)

4. thcp_‘I \namhnc

sNSnbpsS thcpIsf B{Ian°pIbpw {ItaW sNSnIƒ DWßnt∏mhpIbpw

sNøp∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿§ßƒ

• 4 Intem th∏n≥ ]nÆmt°m, BhW°n≥ ]nÆmt°m Hcp sk‚n¬ tN¿Øp

sImSp°pIbpw, sNSnbpsS CSbv°v sIWnhnfbmbn _μn∏q°ƒ \´p

hf¿ØpIbpw sNøpI.

• th∏ne/IΩyqWnÃv ]®ne (sNSn°v 250 {Kmw F∂ tXmXn¬) \Sp∂Xn\v

HcmgvN apºv XSßfnen´v Znhtk\ sh≈samgn°pI. CXns‚ êw


th\¬°meØv hnX Ign™v 75 Znhkw \o≠p \n¬°pw.

• _mknekv amknd≥kv 3% D]tbmKn°pI. hnØp]cnNcWw \SØpI.

B{IaWw cq£amb {]tZißfn¬ hnØp]cnNcWØn\p ]pdta CXns‚ 3%

emb\n hnX®v 30 Znhkßƒ°p tijw aÆnsemgn®p sImSpt°≠XmWv.

III sh≈cn h¿§ hnfIƒCXn¬ ]mh¬, ]Shew, sh≈cn, I°ncn, XÆnaØ≥, Npcbv°, aØ≥,

Ipºfw F∂nhbpƒs∏Sp∂p. Irjn°mew \So¬ coXn F∂nh NphsS

sImSp°p∂p.

hnf C\w \So¬ Imew hnØns‚ \So¬ImewtXmXv(sk‚n\v)

]mh¬ {]nb, {]oXn, ag-°m-e-hnf 24 {Kmw 2 ao x 2 ao{]nb¶ (sabv˛BKÃv) (sk‚n\v 10

Pe-tk-NnXhnf Ipgn-Iƒ)(P\p-h-cn˛am¿®v)(sk]v‰w-_¿˛Unkw-_¿)

]S-hew Iuap-Zn, a\p{io Pe-tk-NnX hnf 16 {Kmw 2 ao x 2 aot__n, ‰n.-F˛19 (P\p-hcn˛am¿®v) (sk‚n\v 10

& (sk]v‰w-_¿˛ Ipgn-Iƒ)Unkw-_¿)

sh≈cn apSn-t°m-Sv, (P\p-h-cn- -am¿®v) 3 {Kmw 2 ao x 1.5 aoAcp-Wna, & (sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ (sk‚n\v 13ku`mKy Unkw-_¿) Ipgn-Iƒ)

Ipºfw sI.-F.-bp. ag-°me hnf 4 {Kmw 4.5 ao x 2 aotem°¬, Cμp (sabv˛BK-Ãv) (sk‚n\v 13

Pe-tk-NnXhnf Ipgn-Iƒ)(P\p-hcn˛am¿®v)(sk]v‰w-_¿˛Unkw-_¿)

kemUv sh≈cn ioXƒ, kz¿Æ (P\p-hcn˛am¿®v) 2 {Kmw 2 ao x 1.5 ao]q¿Æ, ]pkmk, (sk]v‰w-_¿˛ (sk‚n\v 13t\ymKv, Unkw-_¿) Ipgn-Iƒ)F.-F.-bp.kn˛2


hnf C\w \So¬ Imew hnØns‚ \So¬ImewtXmXv(sk‚n\v)

aØ≥ Aºn-fn, ag-°me hnf-- 5 {Kmw 4.5 ao x 2 aokph¿Æ, kckv sabv-- -- ˛ BK-Ãv, (sk‚n\v 13

Pe-tk-NnXhnf Ipgn-Iƒ)(P\p-hcn- am¿®v)& (sk]v‰w-_¿˛Unkw-_¿)

XÆn-a-Ø≥ Unkw-_¿-˛- 6 {Kmw 3 x 2 aojpK¿ t__n G-{]n¬ (sk‚n\v 6

Ipgn-Iƒ)

tImh¬ kpe` sabv-˛-Pq¨, 30˛40 4 ao x 3 aosk]v‰w-_¿ sk.ao (sk‚n\v 3-˛ HIvtSm-_¿ \of-ap≈ Ipgn-Iƒ)

X≠p-Iƒ

Npcbv° ]qkm, kΩ¿, ag-°me hnf 14 {Kmw 3 ao x 3 aot]mfn-^nIv (sabv˛BK-Ãv) (sk‚n\v 4temwKv, ]qk Pe-tk-NnXhnf Ipgn-Iƒ)kΩ¿, (P\p-hcn˛am¿®v)t{]mfn-^nIv du≠v (sk]v‰w-_¿˛A¿° _^m¿ Unkw-_¿)

]o®nß lcn-Xw, Zo]vXn (Unkw-_¿-˛- 6.12 {Kmw 2 ao x 2 ao]pk, \kvZm¿ am¿®v) (sk‚n\v 10

(sabv˛B-KÃv) Ipgn-Iƒ)

\So¬ coXnbpw, hf{]tbmKhpw

c≠Sn hep∏hpw HcSn Bghpap≈ IpgnsbSp°pI. 50 Intem{Kmw NmWIw/

ItºmtÃm ta¬ aÆpambn tN¿Øv IpgnIfnenSpI. \mep apX¬ A©v hnØv

hoXw Hcp Ipgnbn¬ ]mIpI. apf®v c≠mgvN tijw Hcp XSØn¬ \√ aq∂p

ssXIƒ hoXw \n¿Ønbm¬ aXn.

ta¬ hfambn NmWItam ItºmtÃm 30 In.{Kmw hoXw As√¶n¬ aÆnc

ItºmÃv 15 Intem c≠p {]mhiyambn h≈n hoiptºmgpw ]qhnSptºmgpw

sImSp°pI. c≠mgvNbnsemcn°¬ NmWIw 1 Intem{Kmw Hcp en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬

Ie°n ]pjv]n°ptºmƒ sImSp°pI.

tImhen\v \Sp∂ kabØpw h≈n hoiptºmgpw 12.5 Intem F∂ tXmXn¬

Imenhfw tN¿Øp sImSp°pI. Zo¿LImew tImh¬ sNSn \ne\n¿Øp∂

ÿeßfn¬ amkØnsemcn°¬ ssPhhf {]tbmKw \SØpI.


a‰p ]cnNcW am¿Kßƒ

]mh¬, ]Shew, Npcbv°, ]o®nß F∂nh h≈n hoiptºmƒ ]¥en´p

sImSp°pI. sh≈cn, XÆnaØ≥, aØ≥, Ipºfw F∂nh Xdbn¬

]Scp∂Xn\p≈ kwhn[m\samcp°pI, hfanSp∂Xns\m∏w If ]dn°epw

CSbnf°epw \SØpI. ag°meØv aÆv Iqń sImSp°pI, ]®ne hnfbhinjvSw,

hnLSn∏n® NIncnt®m¿ ItºmÃv, sXm≠v, ssht°m¬ XpSßnbh sIm≠v

hnfIƒ°v ]pXbnSpI.

hf¿®bpsS BZyL´ßfn¬ 2˛3 Znhkw CShn pw ]qhpw Imbpw D≈ kabØv

H∂nS hn´p \\bv°pI. aW¬ Ie¿∂ ]inacmin aÆn¬ th\¬°meßfn¬ 2

ZnhkØnsemcn°¬ \\bv°p∂Xnt\°mƒ 3 ZnhkØnsemcn°¬ \\®m¬

aXnbmIpw.

kky kwc£WwIoSßƒ

Imbo®: s]¨ Cu® ImbpsS sXmen°Snbn¬ ap´bnSp∂p. ap´bpsS

hncn™ndßp∂ ]pgp°ƒ Imbv°p≈nse amwkf mKßƒ Xn∂p∂p. ImbvIƒ

AgpIn hogp∂p.

\nb{¥Wam¿Kßƒ

t]∏¿ sImt≠m t]mfnØo≥ sImt≠m ImbvIƒ s]mXnbpI, IoS_m[tb‰

ImbvIƒ tiJcn®v \in∏n°pI. \Sp∂ kabØpw Hcp amkØn\p tijhpw

Hcp Ipgn°v 100 {Kmw F∂ tXmXn¬ th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v C´v sImSp°pI. ]gbo®

sIWnIƒ, s^dtam¨ sIWntbm (Iyqe¿ sIWntbm) D]tbmKn®v Imbo®sb

\in∏n°mw. ap™, ]®Øp≈≥, aWvUcn Ch kky`mKßfn¬ Iq´w IqSnbncp∂v

\ocq‰n IpSn°p∂p. sh≈o® samssk°v tcmKhpw ]cØp∂p.

\nb{¥Wam¿Kßƒ

a™s°Wn Hcp sk‚n\v F∂ tXmXn¬ sI´pI. ap™Iƒ IqSpXembn

ImWp∂ CeIƒ ]dn®v \in∏n°pI. 2% hocyap≈ ths∏Æ˛shfpØp≈n

an{inXw Xfn°pI. As√¶n¬ ths∏Æbpw (80 an.en) BhWs°Æbpw (20

an.en) 60 {Kmw _m¿tkm∏pw ebn∏n®v 150 an.en. sh≈Øn¬ tN¿°pI. CXnte°v

150 {Kmw shfpØp≈n t]kv‰v tN¿°pI. CXv 6 Bdncń sh≈w tN¿Øv t\¿∏n®v

Xfn°pI. \ocq‰n IpSn°p∂ {]mWnIfpsS B{IaW êambn sh≈cn

]®neIdnIfn¬ D≠mIp∂ a™fn∏v AXnPohn°p∂Xn\v 10 {Kmw a·ojyw

kƒt^‰v 1 en‰¿ F∂ tXmXn¬ CeIfn¬ Xfn°pI. CXv sNSnIƒ°v h≈n

hoip∂ kabØpw h≈nIƒ ]¥en¬ ]S¿Øp∂ AhkcØnepw

sNømhp∂XmWv.

CeXo\n∏pgp°ƒ (]She∏pgp/hcb≥ ]pgp)

]pgp°ƒ CeIƒ Xn∂pw, ImbvIƒ Xn∂pw \in∏n°p∂p.


\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

]pgp°sf tiJcn®v \in∏n°mw. th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5% Xfn°pI. tKmaq{Xw

1 en‰¿˛ Im¥mcn (10 {Kmw) an{inXw Xømdm°n 9 en‰¿ sh≈w tN¿Øv Xfn°pI.

_nthdnb _mknbm\ F∂ an{inX Ipanƒ D]tbmKn°pI.

F∏nemIvk h≠v

Xhn´p \ndØn¬ IdpØ ]p≈nIfp≈ A¿≤ hrØmIrXnbnse h≠pIfpw

a™ \ndØnep≈ ]pgp°fpw Cebnse lcnXIw Im¿∂p Xn∂v CeIƒ

DWßn°cnbp∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

ssIhe D]tbmKn®v h≠pIsf tiJcn®v \in∏n°pI, CeIfn¬ ImWp∂

ap´°q´w, ]pgp, kam[n Zni F∂nh tiJcn®v kpjncßfp≈ t]mfnØo≥

Ihdn¬ kq£n°pI. an{X{]mWnIƒ hncn™p hcptºmƒ Ahsb Xpd∂v

tXm´Øn¬ hnSpI. th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5%, s]cphew kØv 10%,

ths∏Æ˛shfpØp≈n an{inXw 2% F∂nhbn¬ GsX¶nepw H∂v Xfn°pI.

sh≈cn h¿K sNSnIfnse tcmKßƒ1. samssk°v tcmKw

Ce∏c∏n¬ ]®bpw a™bpw Ie¿∂ \ndßƒ ImWs∏Sp∂p. CeIƒ

apcSn°p∂p. ]pXpXmbn hcp∂ CeIƒ sNdpXmIpIbpw apcSn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

imJIfpsS FÆw \t∂ IpdbpIbpw, Imbv ]nSpØw Xosc IpdbpIbpw

sNøp∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

1. tcmKw _m[n® sNSnIsf \in∏n®p IfbpI.

2. tcmK hnap‡amb tXm´Øn¬ \n∂p am{Xw hnØv tiJcn°pI.

3. XSßfnse hnØns‚ tXmXv Iq´pI. sNSn h≈n shbv°p∂ AhkcØn¬

BtcmKyap≈ ct≠m aqt∂m sNSnIƒ am{Xw \n¿Øn _m°nbp≈hsb

\in∏n°pI.

4. tcmKhmlIcmb IoSßsf \in∏n°m≥ ths∏Æ, BhWs°Æ,

shfpØp≈n an{inXw As√-¶n¬ 2% hocyap≈ th∏[njvTnX IoS\min\n

F∂nh D]tbmKn°pI.

Ce∏p≈n tcmKw

CebpsS ASn`mKØv sh≈w \\™t]msebp≈ ]mSpIƒ D≠mhpIbpw

XpS¿∂v CebpsS apIƒ mKØv a™∏p≈nIƒ {]Xy£s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p.

]p≈nIƒ hepXmbn H∂n®p tN¿∂v CeIƒ Icn™pWßp∂p.

\nb{¥Wam¿Kßƒ

tcmKe£Wap≈ CeIƒ \in∏n°pI.


kyqtUmtamWmkv emb\n (2%) CebpsS Ccp hißfnepw hogØ°hn[w

Xfn°pI.

Imbo® (Bactrocera cucurbitae)

Ce-Xo\n ]pgp-°ƒ (Anadevidia peponis)

hc-b≥ ]pgp (Diaphania indica)


IV hgpX\ h¿K hnfIƒtIcfØnse {][m\ hgpX\ h¿K hnfIfmWv apfIv, hgpX\, X°mfn

F∂nh

hnf C\ßƒ \So¬ kabw hnØns‚ CSbIew tXmXv (sk‚n\v)

apfIv PzmemapJn, agsb B{ibn®v 4 {Kmw 45 sk.ao xPzmem kJn, (sabv˛Pq¨) 45 sk.aoD÷ze, A\p{Kl(sh≈mbWn˛ PetkNnX Irjn sk‚n\v 198AXpey) (sk]v‰w_¿ ˛ sNSn-Iƒ(sh≈mbWn˛ HIvtSm_¿)kar≤n)

hgpX\ kqcy, tizX, sabv˛Pq¨ 2 {Kmw 75 sk.ao x\oena, lcnX sk]v‰w_¿ 60 sk.ao(_mIvSocnb¬ HIvtSm_¿ (sk‚n\v 89hm´Øns\Xnsc sNSnIƒ){]Xntcm[tijnbp≈ C\ßfmWnXv)]qk ]¿∏nƒ ¢Ã¿

X°mfn i‡n, ap‡n, (HIvtSm_¿˛ 2 {Kmw 60 sk.ao xA\L, \hw_¿) 60 sk.ao.sh≈mbWn hnPbv 111 sNSnIƒ

\gvkdn

]dn®p \Sp∂ hnfIfmWv hgpX\ h¿K hnfIƒ. hnØpIƒ XmhcWIfn¬

]mIn apf∏n®v Hcp amkw {]mbamb ssXIƒ ]dn®p \Smw. \√ Xpdkmb

[mcmfw kqcy{]Imiw e`n°p∂ ÿeßfn¬ hf°qdp≈ ta¬ aÆpw \√

t]mse DWßn s]mSn™ NmWIhpw tN¿ØmWv \gvkdn Xømdmt°≠Xv.

DW°ns∏mSn® NmWIØn\p ]Icw ss{St°mU¿a D]tbmKn®v ]cnt]mjn∏n®

NmWIw D]tbmKn°p∂Xv \√XmWv. hnØv ]mInbXn\p tijw hmcßƒ ]®ne

sIm≠v ]pXbn´v Znhtk\ ImeØv \\bv°pI. hnØp apf®p XpSßnbm¬

]pX am‰Ww. \n›nX CSthfbn¬ 2% kyqtUmtamWmkv ^vfqdk‚ v emb\n

Xfn®p sImSpt°≠XmWv. ssXIfpsS ]pjvSn h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\p th≠n

NmWI∏mtem t\¿∏n® tKmaq{Xtam (]Ønc´n sh≈w tN¿Øv t\¿∏n®Xv)

Xfnt°≠XmWv. ssXIƒ \Sp∂Xn\p th≠n ]dns®Sp°p∂Xn\mbn

XmhcWIƒ \\®Xn\p tijw ssXIƒ ]dns®Sp°pI. \´ ssXIƒ°v

Xm¬°menIambn XW¬ \¬IWw.


\Soepw hf{]tbmKhpw

Irjn ÿew \√t]mse Inf®v \nc∏m°pI. ssXIƒ ]dn®p \Sp∂Xn\v

c≠mgvN aptº 2 Intem{Kmw IpΩmbw tN¿Øp sImSp°pI. 100 Intem{Kmw

ss{St°mU¿Ωbpw ]n.Pn.]n.B¿˛1 an{inXhpambn tN¿Øv Cf°n ASnhfambn

\SpI. ]dn®p \Sp∂ kabØv ssXIfpsS thcpIƒ 20 an\n v kyqtUmtamWmkv

emb\n (20 {Kmw 1 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬) emb\nbn¬ ap°n sh®Xn\ptijw \SpI.

Imen hfØn\p ]Icw tImgnhftam s]mSn® Bń≥ ImjvTtam

D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv. ta¬ hfw \¬Ip∂Xn\mbn F´v ]Øv Znhkw

CSthfbmbn Xmsg ]dbp∂ GsX¶nepw ssPh hfw tN¿°mhp∂XmWv.

NmWI∏m¬ As√¶n¬ _tbmKymkv …dn 200 {Kmw 4 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬

tN¿ØXv.

tKmaq{Xw As√¶n¬ sh¿anhmjv (2 en‰¿) F´v Ccń sh≈hpambn

tN¿ØXv.

4 Intem{Kmw aÆnc ItºmÃv, tImgnhfw As√¶n¬ Bń≥ ImjvTw.

ISe∏nÆm°v (200 {Kmw) 4 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬ IpXn¿ØXv.

a‰p ]cn]me\ am¿Kßƒ

th\¬°meØv ct≠m aqt∂m ZnhkØnsemcn°¬ PetkN\w \SØpI.

Bhiysa¶n¬ ssXIƒ°v Xmßp sImSp°pI. ]dn®p \´v Hcp amkw

Ignbptºmƒ IfsbSp°¬, ssPh hfw \¬I¬, aÆv Iqń sImSp°¬ XpSßnb

]cn]me\ apdIƒ A\ph¿Øn°mw. ]®neIƒ, hnfbhinjvSßƒ

AgpIns∏mSn™ NIncnt®m¿, sXm≠v, ssht°m¬ XpSßnbh D]tbmKn®v

]pXbn´p sImSpØm¬ aÆnse Cu¿∏w \ne\n¿Øm\pw IfIƒ \nb{¥n°m\pw

Ignbpw.

kkykwc£WwIoSßƒ

1. hgpX\bnse X≠v/Imbv Xpc∏≥ ]pgp

shfpØ NndIn¬ Xhn´p \ndØnse ]p≈ntbmSp IqSnb ie`Øns‚

]pgp°ƒ X≠pw, Imbpw B{Ian°p∂p. Cfw X≠nepw, Imbnepw, ]pgp Xpf®p

Ibdn Dƒ`mKw Xn∂p \in∏n°p∂p. B{IaW hnt[bamb X≠pIƒ hmSn

Icnbp∂p. ]pgp _m[tb‰v ImbvIfn¬ Zzmcßƒ ImWmw.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

1. ssX ]dn®p \Sptºmƒ th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v aÆn¬ CSpI.

2. tISph∂ `mKßƒ apdn®p am‰n \in∏n°pI.

3. IoSm{IaWw I≠p XpSßptºmƒ th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5% Xfn°pI.

F∏nemIvk h≠v

Xhn´p \ndØn¬ IdpØ ]p≈nbp≈ h≠pIƒ, a™ \ndØnep≈


]pgp°ƒ ap´°q´ßƒ, kam[n Zi F∂nh CeIfn¬ ImWp∂p. h≠pw, ]pgphpw

CeIfnse lcnXIw Im¿∂p Xn∂p∂p. CeIƒ DWßn Icnbp∂p. B{IaWw

cq£amIptºmƒ sNSnbpsS hf¿®sb _m[n°p∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

1. ssIhe D]tbmKn®v h≠pIsf tiJcn®v \in∏n°pI.

2. CeIfn¬ ImWp∂ ap´°q´w, ]pgp, kam[n Zi F∂nhsb tiJcn®v

kpjncßfp≈ t]mfnØo≥ Iq´n¬ kq£n°pI. an{X {]mWnIƒ hncn™p

]pdØp hcptºmƒ Ahsb Xpd∂p tXm´Øn¬ hnSpI.

3. th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5% s]cphew kØv 10% Xfn°pI.

\ocq‰w IoSßƒ

aoenap´, td{¥]{X IoSw, ap™ F∂nh CeIfpsS ASnbn¬ ]‰n∏nSn®ncp∂p

\ocq‰n°pSn®v \in∏n°p∂p. aoenap´ a‰p kky`mKßsfbpw B{Ian°p∂p.

X≠v/Imbv Xpc∏≥ ]pgp (Leucinodes orbonalis)

F∏nemIvk h≠v (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)


\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

1. Bcw` Znibn¬ Ch IqSpXembn ImWp∂ CeIƒ ]dn®p \in∏n°pI.

2. ths∏Æ + shfpØp≈n 2% (As√¶n¬ ths∏Æ 3%) Fa¬j≥ Xfn°pI.

hgpX\bnse tcmKßƒ1. Ip‰ne tcmKw

tcmKe£Wßƒ

sNSnbpsS CeIƒ Ip‰nIfmbn amdp∂p. sam´pIƒ XΩnep≈ CSbIew

IpdbpIbpw sNSnIfpsS hf¿® apcSn®p t]mhpIbpw sNøp∂p. Imbv]nSpØw

\nebv°p∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

1. tcmKw h∂ sNSn ]ngpXv \in∏n°pI.

2. tcmKhmlIcmb PmknUpIsf shfpØp≈n ths∏Æ an{inXw (2%)

Xfn®v \nb{¥n°pI.

apfInse IoSßƒ

F^nUpIƒ, PmknUpIƒ, {Xn]vkv, aWvUcn, sh≈o® F∂nh apfIns\

B{Ian°p∂ IoSßfmWv.

F^nUpIsf \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\mbn ]pIbne Ijmbw, ths∏Æ˛shfpØp≈n

Faƒj≥ (2%) \m‰]qs®Sn Faƒj≥ (10%) F∂nhbn¬ FsX-¶nepw H∂v

Xfn°pI.

PmknUpIsf \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\mbn IncnbmØv kØv (10%) Xfn°pI.

aWvUcnsb \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\p th≠n shs∏Æ ˛ shfpØp≈n Faƒj≥

(2%) Xfn°pI. ]Øp ZnhkØnsemcn°¬ t\¿∏n® I™nsh≈w CebpsS

ASnbn¬ Xfn®p sImSp°p∂Xv \√XmWv.

sh≈o®

sh¿´nkoenbw e°m\n 3˛5 {Kmw Hcp en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬ Ie¿Øn Xfn°pI.

BhWs°Æ ]pc´nb a™s°WnIƒ ÿm]n°pI. shfpØp≈n Faƒj≥

2% Xfn°pI.


apfInse tcmKßƒ

1. ssX Nob¬

aÆnse tcmKmWp°sf \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v sk‚n\v Hcp Intem F∂ IW-

°n¬ th∏n≥]nÆm°v tN¿°pI. Db¿∂ hmcßfn¬ th\¬°meØv hnØpIƒ

]mIWw. XmhcWIfn¬ IpΩmbw hnXdWw. ss{St°msU¿a, kyqtUmtamWkv,

]n.Pn.]n.B¿. anIkv II F∂nh D]tbmKn°Ww.

2. Ce∏p≈n tcmKw

kyqtUmtamWkv vfpdsk≥kv 2 iXam\tam As√¶n¬ t_m¿tUm an{inXw

1 iXam\tam Xfn°pI.

3. _mIvSocnb¬ hm´w

{]Xntcm[ tijnbp≈ C\ßfmb D÷ze, A\p{Kl XpSßnb C\ßƒ

\´p ]nSn∏n°pI. kyqtUmtamWkv ^vfqdsk≥kv, ]n,Pn.]n.B¿. anIvkv II (20{Kmw 1 en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬) F∂ tXmXn¬ 15 ZnhksØ CSthfIfn¬ aÆn¬

Xfn®p sImSp°pI. \Sp∂Xn\p apºmbn ssXIfpsS thcpIƒ kyqtUmtamWkv

(2%) ap°n hbv°pI. Cu emb\n CeIfnepw Xfn®p sImSp°pI.


4. samssk°v tcmKw

sshdkv tcmKßƒ ]cØp∂Xv Cet∏\pIfmWv. Ch CebpsS

ASnbnencp∂v \ocq‰n IpSn°p∂Xns‚ eambn CeIƒ Icnbp∂p. sNSnIfpsS

hf¿® apcSn®v {ItaW \in°p∂p. th∏[njvTnX IoS\min\n Xfn®p sImSp°pI.

{]Xntcm[i‡nbp≈ C\ßfmb D÷ze, ]©m_v km¬, πmk kXm_km¿

F∂nh Irjn sNøpI.

X°mfnbpsS IoS_m[1. ImbvXpc∏≥

th∏n≥ Ipcp kØv 5 iXam\w Xfn°pI. th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v sk‚n\v 1

Intem F∂ tXmXn¬ \So¬ kabØpw 30˛45 ZnhksØ CSthfbnepw \¬IpI.

2. sh≈o®

sh¿´nkoenbw e°m\n 3˛5 {Kmw Hcp en‰¿ sh≈Øn¬ Ie¿Øn Xfn°pI.

BhWs°Æ ]pc´nb a™s°WnIƒ ÿm]n°pI. shfpØp≈n Faƒj≥

2% Xfn°pI.


3. ssXNob¬

th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v Hcp sk‚n\v Hcp Intem F∂ tXmXn¬ tN¿°pI.

XmhcWIfn¬ IpΩmbw hnXdpI. ss{St°mU¿a, kyqtUmtamWkv

^vfqdsk≥kv, ]n.Pn.]n.B¿. anIvkv II F∂nh D]tbmKn°pI.

Nn{X-IoSw

4. _mIvSocnb¬ hm´w

ssXIfpsS thcpIƒ 2 iXam\w hocyap≈ kyqtUmtamWkv emb\nbn¬

ap°n sh®Xn\p tijw \SpI. Cu emb\n sNSnIfnepw Xfn°pI.

kyqtUmtamWkv, ]n.Pn.]n.B¿. anIvkv II (20 {Kmw Hcp en‰¿ F∂ tXmXn¬ 15

ZnhksØ CSthfIfn¬ \¬IpI).

V ]bdp h¿K ]®°dnIƒ1. h≥]b¿

]®°dnbmbn D]tbmKn°p∂ h≥]bdn\ßƒ c≠p Xcap≠v. Ip‰n∏bdpw,

h≈n∏bdpw.

tIcfØnse Imemhÿbn¬ F√mbvt∏mgpw Irjn sNøm≥ ]‰nb hnfbmWv

h≥]b¿, s\¬]mSßfn¬ H∂mw hnfbv°pw c≠mw hnfbv°pw tijw

dm_n°meØpw. th\¬°meØpw X\nhnfbmbn h≥]b¿ Irjn sNømw. ho´p

hf∏pIfn¬ F√m°meØpw Irjn sNøm≥ ]‰nb hnfbmWv h≥]b¿.

th\¬°meØv PeZu¿e`yw aqew s\¬Irjnbnd°m≥ km[n°mØ

ÿeßfn¬ h≥]b¿ Irjn sNømhp∂XmWv.

\So¬ Imew

h≥]b¿ F√m°meØpw Irjn sNømw. ag°mehnfbv°v Pq¨ amkØn¬

hnØp ]mIWw. Pq¨ BZyhmcamWv hnØv ]mIp∂Xn\v G‰hpw A\ptbmPyw.

c≠mw hnfbv°v hnXbvt°≠Xv sk]v‰w_¿˛HIvtSm_¿ amkßfnemWv.

th\¬°meØv h≥]b¿ P\phcn s^{_phcn amkØn¬ hnXbv°Ww.

C\ßƒ

F. Ip‰n∏b¿˛ mKye£van, ]pk_¿kmØn, ]pktImaƒ

_n. Ipd®p ]Scp∂ kz`mhap≈h˛ ssIcfn, A\izc, hcp¨, A¿°, Kcna.


kn. ]Scp∂ C\ßƒ˛ imcnI, amenI, teme, sshPb¥n, sI.Fw.hn˛1,

sh≈mbWntPymXnI

Ip‰n]bdn\v hnØns‚ tXmXv sk‚n\v 80 apX¬ 100 {Kmw hsc.

h≈n∏bdn\v hnØns‚ tXmXv sk‚n\v 16 apX¬ 20 {Kmw hsc.

\So¬Imew

h≥]b¿ F√m°meØpw Irjn sNømw. ag°mehnfbv°v Pq¨ amkØn¬

hnØp ]mIWw. Pq¨ BZyhmcamWv hnØv ]mIp∂Xn\v G‰hpw A\ptbmPyw.

c≠mw hnfbv°v hnXbvt°≠Xv sk]v‰w_¿˛HIvtSm_¿ amkßfnemWv.

th\¬°meØv h≥]b¿ P\phcn˛s^{_phcn amkØn¬ hnXbv°Ww.

C\ßƒ

F. Ip‰n∏b¿˛ mKye£van, I\IaWn, ]qk_¿kmØn, ]qktImaƒ.

_. Ipd®p ]Scp∂ kz`mhap≈h˛ ssIcfn, A\izc, hcp¨, A¿°, Kcna.

kn. ]Scp∂ C\ßƒ˛ imcnI, amenI, teme, sshPb¥n, sI.Fw.hn˛1,

sh≈mbWntPymXn,

Ip‰n∏bdn\v hnØns‚ tXmXv sk‚n\v 80 apX¬ 100 {Kmw.

h≈n∏bdn\v hnØns‚ tXmXv sk‚n\v 16 apX¬ 20 {Kmw.

\SoeIew

\√Xp t]mse DgpXv IÍƒ DS®v ]cphs∏SpØWw. Ip‰n∏bdn\ßƒ 30x15sk‚nao‰¿ AIeØnepw sNdnb tXmXn¬ ]Scp∂h 45 x 30 sk‚nao‰¿

AIeØnepw (Hcp Ipgnbn¬ 3 sNSnIƒ hoXw) IºpIƒ IpØn∏S¿Øp∂h

1.5 sk.ao‰¿ x 45 sk.ao‰¿ AIeØnepamWv \tS≠Xv.

hnØp ]cnNcWw

h≥]b¿ hnØpIƒ ssdtkm_nbw F∂ PohmWp ]pcńb tijw

\tS≠XmWv. ssdtkm_nbw ]pc´p∂Xn\p th≠n hnØv A¬]w sh≈tam

I™nsh≈tam tN¿Øv ssdtkm_nbw Iƒ®dpambn \√t]mse F√m mKØpw

FØp∂Xp t]mse Iqń tbmPn∏n°pI. hnØns‚ BhcWØn\v tISp]‰msX

{i≤n°pI. Cu hnØpIƒ hrØnbp≈ ISemkntem Nm°ntem C´v

XWeØpW°n DSs\ hnXbv°Ww. cmkhfhpambn bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw

ssdtkm_nbw Ie¿Ønb hnØpIƒ Iqńt®¿°m≥ ]mSn√.

hf{]tbmKw (Hcp sk‚n\v)

AæXzw IqSnb aÆn\v Hcp Intem IpΩmbw \Sp∂Xn\v 15 Znhkw apºmbn

aÆn¬ tN¿Øp sImSp°Ww. Irjnÿew Hcp°nb tijw 80 Intem NmWIw

tN¿°Ww. \n›nX AIeØn¬ IpgnsbSpØ tijw ssdtkm_nbw F∂

PohmWp ]pcńb hnØv \SpI. t^mkv^dkv embI kq£vamWp hfßƒ Hcp

{Kmw Hcp sNSns°∂ tXmXn¬ tN¿Øp sImSp°p∂Xv t^mkv dkns‚ e`yX

Iq´p∂Xn\v klmbn°pw. IqSmsX Xmsg ]dbp∂ GsX¶nepsamcp hf{]tbmKw


IqSn tN¿°mhp∂XmWv.

NmWIw, aÆnc ItºmÃv 8 Intem, 400 {Kmw tdm°v t^mkvt^‰v As√¶n¬

tImgnhfw 6 Intem, 200 {Kmw tdm°v t^mkvt^‰v F∂nh \¬Imhp∂XmWv.

ssPh hfßƒ 10 apX¬ 15 Znhkw CSthfIfn¬ tN¿Øp sImSp°mhp∂XmWv.

tdm°v t^mkvt^‰v ASnhfambnØs∂ \¬tI≠XmWv. hf¿®m DtØPIßfmb

t\¿∏n® ]©Khyw, sh¿anhmjv F∂nh sNSn°p \¬Ip∂Xv hf¿®

h¿≤n∏n°pw.

a‰p ]cn]me\ apdIƒ

ta¬hfw C´Xn\p tijw aÆnf°n sImSp°p∂Xn\v \√ thtcm´Øn\pw

AXphgn \√ kabØv h≈nIfpsS Xe \p≈n°fbp∂Xv hnfhv

h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\pw klmbIamIpw. ]S¿∂ hcp∂ C\ßƒ°v h≈n hoim≥

XpSßptºmƒ Xs∂ ]¥¬ sI´n ]Scm\p≈ kuIcyw D≠mIWw.

sh≈Øns‚ e`yX Dd∏phcpØpI. ]qhnSp∂ kabØp≈ PetkN\w ]q°fpw

ImbvIfpw D≠mIp∂Xns‚ Afhv h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\v klmbn°pw.

kkykwc£Ww

IoSßƒ

1. ]bdnse ap™: ]bdns‚ \ocq‰n°pSn°p∂ {][m\ IoSamWv ap™.

IdpØ \ndØnep≈ ap™Iƒ kky`mKßfn¬ ]‰n∏nSn®ncp∂v

\ocq‰n°pSn°p∂p. X≥aqew DWßpIbpw CeIƒ a™fn°pIbpw sNSnIfpsS

hf¿® apcSn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

th∏[njvTnX IoS\min\n 4 an√n. Hcp en‰¿ sh≈Øn\v F∂ tXmXn¬

sImSp°pI. _nthdnb _mknbm\ F∂ an{X Ipanƒ D]tbmKn°pI. ]pIbne

Ijmbhpw e{]ZamWv. th∏n≥IpcpkØv 5%hpw Xfn°mhp∂XmWv.

2. Ces®SnIfpw, h≈ns®SnIfpw

th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5% Xfn®v \nb{¥n°mhp∂XmWv.


3. ]b¿Nmgn

]b¿®mgn ]bdpaWnbn¬ \n∂pw \ocq‰n°pSn°p∂p. X≥aqew ]b¿ Np°n

Npfnbp∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

he D]tbmKn®v h≠ns‚ hnhn[ ZiIsf tiJcn®v \in∏n°mw. th∏[njvTnX

IoS\min\nIƒ Xfn®p sImSp°pI. th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5% Xfn®p

sImSp°mhp∂XmWv. _nthdnb _mknbm\ F∂ an{X°panƒ


4. ImbvXpc∏≥

]pgp°ƒ, apIpfw, Imbv, ]qhv XpSßnbh Xpc∂v `£n°p∂p.

\nb{¥W am¿Kßƒ

tISmb ImbvIƒ tiJcn®v \in∏n°pI. \´v 45 ZnhkØn\p tijw

th∏n≥Icp kØv 5% Xfn°pII. Bhiysa¶n¬ 15 ZnhkØn\p tijw

Xfn°mhp∂XmWv. shfpØp≈n, Imbw, Im¥mcn apfIv an{inXw, 10%

Xfn°mhp∂XmWv. (tKmaq{Xw 100 an√n en‰¿ sh≈w 900 an√n en‰¿ 5 {Kmw

Imbw 10 {Kmw Im¥mcn apfIv kØv), th∏n≥]nÆm°v 1 Intem {Kmw Hcp sk‚n\v

]qhnSp∂ kabØv aÆnep]tbmKn°mw.

5. Nn{XIoSw

]pgp°ƒ Ce Xpf®v Dƒhiw Xn∂p∂p. Ce∏pdØv shfpØ NmepIƒ

ImWmw. ths∏Æ˛tkm∏v Faƒj≥ 2 iXam\tam th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5

iXam\tam Xfn°mhp∂XmWv.


6. ]b¿ h≠v

Hcp Intem ]b¿ hnØn¬ Hcp an√n en‰¿ \ne°SesbÆtbm,

shfns®Ætbm ]pc´n kq£n°pI. ]b¿ hnØv kq£n°p∂ kabØv 100

Intem hnØn\v 1 Intem{Kmw F∂ tXmXn¬ hbºns‚ DW°ns∏mSn® Ingßv

tN¿°pI.

]b-dns‚ tcmK-ßƒ

1. aÆn¬°qSn ]I-cp∂ tcmK-ßfpw \nam hnc-Ifpw

aÆn¬ kqcy-Xm-]o-I-cWw \S-Øp-∂Xp sIm≠v aÆnse \nam-hn-c-I-sf-bpw,

If-hn-Øp-I-sfbpw aÆnse Ipanƒ, _mIvSo-cn-b-I-sfbpw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Hcp iX-am\w t_m¿tUm an{inXw 2% kyqtUm-tamWtkm aÆn¬ Hgn®p

sImSp-°p-∂Xv hnf-Isf Ipanƒ tcmK-Øn¬ \n∂p kwc-£n-°pw.

2. Icn-h≈n tcmKw

sNSn-bpsS X≠nepw Ce-bnepw ImbvI-fnepw IdpØ ]mSp-Iƒ ImWmw.

ImbvIƒ apc-Sn-°p-∂p. hnØn-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv XSw 1% t_m¿tUm an{inXw Hgn®v

\\-bv°p-I. hnf-sh-Sp∏v Ign-™m¬ h≈n-Iƒ IØn®p \in-∏n-°p-I. 2% kyqtUm-

tam-Wmkv sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-I.

3. hm -tcmKw

aÆn\p sXm´p-ap-I-fn-ep≈ X≠n¬ \\™ ]mSp-Iƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. {ItaW

AXv Nob-embn amdn sNSn hmSp-∂p. tcmKw hfsc s]s´∂p Xs∂ ASp-Øp≈

sNSn-I-fn-te°v hym]n-°p-∂p. hnf ]cn-{I-a-coXn kzoI-cn-°p-I. \Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv

Ipgn-I-fn¬ hnf-b-h-in-jvS-ßƒ IØn°pI. tcmK_m[n-X-ambn sNSn-Iƒ thtcmsS

]ngpXv IØn®v \in-∏n-°p-I. hnØn-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv XSw Hcp iX-am\w t_m¿tUm-

an-{inXw As√-¶n¬ c≠p iX-am\w kyqtUm-tam-Wkv Hgn®v \\bv°pI. CtX

emb\n Xs∂ c≠mgvN {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ sNSn-bpsS Nph-´n¬ Hgn®v \\-bv°p-

Ibpw Ce-I-fnepw X≠p-I-fnepw ]Xn-°-Ø°-hn-[-Øn¬ Xfn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

\So¬ ka-bØv 50 {Kmw th∏n≥]n-Æm°v Hcp Ipgn°v tN¿Øp sImSp-°p-∂Xv

\√-Xm-Wv. ]b-dn\p ]¥-en-Sm≥ Hcn-°¬ D]-tbm-Kn® Ib¿ ho≠pw D]-tbm-Kn-

°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°p-I.

Nn{X-IoSw


NphSv ho°-hpw, IS-No-bepw

]bdp sNSn-bpsS IS- mKw hÆn-°p-Ibpw

X≠v DWßn \in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CØcw

sNSn-bpsS NphSp `mKw ho≠pw ImW-s∏-Sp-

∂p. {ItaW sNSn \in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

h≈n-bp-W-°hpw NphSp ho°hpw H‰bvt°m

Iq´mtbm sNSn-I-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp-∂p.

\nb-{¥-W-am¿K-ßƒ

XpS¿®-bmbn Htc ÿeØv Irjn sNømsX a‰p hnf Irjn sNøp∂ hnf-]-

cn-{Ia coXn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I. hnØn-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv Nh¿ Iq´n IØn-°p-I. hnØn-

Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv XSw 1 % t_m¿tUm an{inXhpw c≠p iX-am\w kyqtUm-tam-

Wkpw D]-tbm-Kn®v \\bv°pI.

(Polyorycta dimidialis)

samssk°v tcmKw

Ce-bnse ]®-\ndw aßn a™- \n-d-am-Ip-∂p. Ce-Iƒ apc-Sn-°p-∂p. Ce

Rcºp-Iƒ I´n-bm-Ip-∂p. ]pXnb Ce-Iƒ sNdp-Xm-Ip-∂p. ImbvIƒ hf™v

apcSn°p-∂p.

\nb-{¥W am¿K-ßƒ

Btcm-Ky-ap≈ sNSn-I-fn¬ \n∂p am{Xw hnØp tiJ-cn-°p-I. tcmK-ap≈

sNSn-Iƒ I≠m¬ DS≥ ]ngpXp \in-∏n-°p-I. tcmK-hm-l-I-cmb IoS-ß-fpsS

\nb{¥W-Øn-\mbn ths∏Æ Faƒj≥ (3%) Xfn-°p-I. As√-¶n¬ GsX-¶nepw

th∏[n-jvTnX IoS-\m-in\n Xfn-°p-I.

dÃv

Ce-bpsS Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw Xpcpºp ]nSn-®-Xp-t]msebp≈ Nph∂ sNdnb

]mSp-I-fp-≠m-Ip-∂p. tcmKm-cw-`-Øn¬ Xs∂ tISp h∂ Ce-Iƒ ]dn®p \Sp-I.

kyqtUm-tam-Wkv emb\n 2% Xfn-°p-I.

thcp Nob¬ tcmKw

kyqtUm-tam-Wkv ^vfqd-sk≥kv 1 {Kmw D]-tbm-Kn®v hnØp ]cn-N-cWw

Iºn-fn-∏p-gp-°ƒ (Diacrisia obliqua, Pericallia ricini)


\SØpI. th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v 100 {Kmw Hcp Ipgn-bn¬ F∂ tXmXn¬ aÆn¬

tN¿Øp sImSp-°p-I. 2% kyqtUm-tam-Wkv (20 {Kmw Hcp en‰¿) aÆn¬ Hgn®p

sImSp-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv.

Aa-c-∏-b¿ho´p hf-∏n¬ Irjn sNøm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-amb hnf-bmWv Aa-c-∏-b¿.

Aac∏bdn¬ ]S-cp-∂hbpw Ip‰n-bmbn hf-cp-∂-hbpw e`y-am-Wv.

\So¬Imew

]S-cp∂ C\-ßƒ \Sm≥ Pqsse- -Hm-KÃv amk-ß-fmWv A\p-tbm-Pyw. Ip‰n-bn-

\-ßƒ h¿j-Øn¬ F√m-bvt∏mgpw \Smw.

C\-ß-ƒ

1. ]S-cp-∂h ˛ lna, t{KUv

2. Ip‰n-s®-Sn-bmbn hf-cp-∂-h˛ A¿°m sPbv, A¿°m hnPbv

hnX-bv°p∂ coXn

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0.6 x .5 ao‰¿ CS-b-I-e-Øn¬ hmc-ßfpw Nmep-I-fp-sa-SpØv Ip‰n-bn-\-ß-fpsS

hnØp-Iƒ hnX-bv°-Ww. ]S-cp∂ C\-ßƒ°v Xmßp-Itfm Iºn-Itfm \m´n

sImSp°Ww.

hf-{]-tbmKw

ASn-h-f-ambn 80 apX¬ 100 Intem hsc Imen-hfw Hcp sk‚n\v \¬I-Ww.

CXp IqSmsX Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ GsX-¶nepw ssPh hf Iq´p-Ifpw tN¿Øp sImSp-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Imen-h-f-tam, Itºm-tÃm, aÆn-c-I-tºm-tÃm Hcp sk‚n\v 16 apX¬

20 Intem hsc sImSp-°-Ww. CtXm-sSm∏w 500 {Kmw Nmchpw Hcp Intem tdm°v

t^mkvt^‰pw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. tImgn-hfw e`y-am-Ip-sa-¶n¬ sk‚n\v 15 Intem

tImgn-h-fhpw Hcp Intem Nmchpw Ac-°ntem tdm°v t^mkvt^‰pw \¬tI-≠-

Xm-Wv. ssPh hf-ßƒ ]Øp apX¬ ]Xn-\©p Znhkw CS-th-f-I-fmbn \¬Im-

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sImSp-°p-∂Xv t^mkv -d-kns‚ e`yX Iq´p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°pw.

Pe-tk-N\w

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kky-kw-c-£Ww

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IoS-tcm-K-_m[ Gdn-h-cp-∂p F∂v an° I¿j-Icpw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. IoS-\n-

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Xn°p tZmjw hcp-ØmØ, an{X-Io-S-ßsf \in-∏n-°mØ ssPh-Io-S-tcm-K-\n-b-{¥W

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°mw.

kky-ß-fn¬ ssPh-tcm-K-\n-b-{¥Ww {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-tºmƒ BZy-ambn

aÆn¬ \n∂p Xs∂bmWv XpS-tß-≠-Xv. aÆv ip≤-am-sW-¶n¬ hnfbpw ip≤-am-bn-

cn-°pw. aÆns\ A-Wp-hn-ap-‡-am-°m≥ G‰hpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Zhpw em -I-c-hp-amb

Hcp am¿K-amWv aÆv Xm]o-I-c-Ww.

\Sp-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ ÿew \√-Xp-t]mse Infn®v I´-Iƒ DS®v s]mSn

cq]Øn-em-°p-I. F∂n´v XSw t]mse B°n sh≈w Xfn®v aÆv Cu¿∏w D≈-

Xm°pI. AXns\ 150˛200 tKPv Iń-bp≈ t]mfn-Øo≥jo‰v sIm≠v aqSn-bn-Sp-I.

t]mfn-Øo≥ jo‰v Xm]o-I-cW aqew 56˛65.. hsc Xm]-\ne Db-cp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw

aÆn¬ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ tcmK-Im-cn-I-fmb AWp-°fpw If-hn-Øp-Ifpw \in-°p-

∂p. GI-tZiw Hcp amk-tØmfw Cu Ih¿ Cß-s\-Xs∂ aÆn¬ \ne-\n¿tØ-

≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\p-tijw hnØp-Itfm ssXItfm \Sp-tºmƒ Ah hfsc

BtcmKytØmSpw Icp-tØmSpw IqSn hf-cp-Ibpw \√ Imbvêw \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. t]mńwKv an{in-Xhpw kqcy-Xm-]o-I-cWw \S-Øn-btijw ssXIƒ

DXv]mZn-∏n-°m≥ D]tbmKn°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tcmK-Io-S-\n-b-{¥Ww

1. hnf-Iƒ \Sp-tºmƒ Imem-h-ÿbv°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb C\-ßƒ am{Xw

D]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ tcmK-ß-fp-sSbpw IoS-ß-fp-sSbpw B{I-aWw Ipd-bp-∂p.

2. Irjn sNøp∂-Xn\p apºv B ÿe-Øp≈ ]mgv hkvXp-°ƒ Iqń-bn´v

Xo IØn-°p-I.

3. IrjnsNøp-∂-Xn\v 15 Znhkw apºv IpΩmbw aÆn¬ tN¿°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

_mIvSo-cnb aqe-ap-≠m-Ip∂ hm´w sNdp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

4. Bh¿Øn®v Irjn sNøp-tºmƒ Htc C\w D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv.

DZm: ]mh¬ Irjn sNbvX ÿeØv ASpØ Irjn ]mh-tem, ]S-h-e-tam

sNømsX ]b¿h¿K-ßƒ sNøp-I.

5. an{i-hnf Irjn-coXn Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv.

6. {]mWn-I-fpsS ap´, kam-[n-Zi, ]pgp XpS-ßn-bh ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

AXns\ FSpØv \in-∏n-°p-I.


ssPhIoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒkky-P\y IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ

IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kky-P\y IoS-\m-in-\n-Isf Xøm-dm-°p∂

hn[w

1. ]pI-bn-e-°-jmbw

]pI-bne 100 {Kmw sNdp-Xm°n \pdp°n Hcp en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ Hcp Znhkw

IpXn¿°p-I. AXn-\p-tijw IpXn¿∂ ]pI-bne ]ngn™v N≠n-am-‰p-I. _m¿tkm∏v

20 {Kmw NoIn 100 an√n sh≈-Øn¬ ebn-∏n®v ]pI-bne kØp-ambn tN¿Øv

\∂mbn Cf-°p-I. Cu an{inXw Acn-s®-SpØv 5 en‰¿ sh≈w tN¿Øv D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-I.

2. th∏-[n-jvSnX IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ

F) ths∏Æ shfp-Øp≈n an{inXw 2%

shfp-Øp≈n 20 {Kmw \∂mbn Ac®v 50 an√n sh≈hpw tN¿Øv ksØ-Sp-

°p-I. _m¿tkm∏v 5 {Kmw 50 an.en. sh≈-Øn¬ ebn-∏n-°p-I. shfp-Øp≈n

7. tcmKw _m[n® sNSn-Iƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ Ah ]dn-s®-SpØv \in-∏n-°p-I.

8. samssk°v tcmKtam hm -tcm-Ktam ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B sNSn-Isf

thtcmsS ]ngpXv \in-∏n-°p-I.

9. ssPh-Io-S-\m-in-\n-Ifpw Pohm-Wp-°fpw bYmka-bw, IrXy-amb Af-hn¬

icn-bmb tNcp-h-Iƒ tN¿Øp-≠m°n Xfn®pw tcmK-IoS \nb-{¥Ww

km[y-am-°mw.


kØpw, 900 an.-en. sh≈hpw IqSn tkm∏v emb-\n-bn¬ tN¿Øv shfp-Øp≈n +

tkm∏v emb\n Xøm-dm-°p-I. Cu emb-\n-bn¬ 20 an.-en. ths∏Æ tN¿Øv \∂mbn

Cf°n Xfn-°p-I.

_n) ths∏Æ Faƒj≥ 3%

_m¿tkm∏v 10 {Kmw NoIn 100 an.-en. NqSp-sh-≈-Øn¬ ebn-∏n-°p-I. CXn¬

900 an.en. sh≈w tN¿Øv Hcp en‰¿ tkm∏v emb\n Xøm-dm-°p-I. ths∏Æ 30

an.-en. tkm∏p emb-\n-bnte°v tN¿Øv \∂mbn Cf-°n-b-tijw Xfn-°p-I. (th-

∏[njvTnX IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-tºmƒ KmVX IqSn-bm¬ sNSn-

Iƒ Icn-™p-t]m-Ip-hm-\p≈ km[yX D≠v.

kn. th∏n≥Ipcp kØv 5%

th∏n≥Ipcp 50 {Kmw \∂mbn s]mSn®v Ingn-sI´n Hcp en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ 24

aWn-°q¿ ap°n-h-bv°p-I. AXn-\p-tijw Ingn-]n-gn™v emb\n Ie°n Xfn-°mw.

Un) hymh-km-bnI th∏-[n-jvTnX DXv]-∂-ßƒ

hn]-Wn-bn¬ At\Iw th∏-[n-jvTnX DXv]-∂-ßƒ e`y-am-Wv. \oa, kmƒ. ‰n.-

kv. 1% GtIm-\oa πkv, \nºn-kn-Un≥, \ow tKmƒUv F∂nh 2 an.-en. Hcp en‰¿

sh≈-Øn¬ F∂ tXmXn¬ ]®-°dn IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

sh≠bnse IoS-ßƒ


3. Incn-bmØv Faƒj≥ 10%

Incn-bmØv sNSn-bpsS Cebpw X≠pw \∂mbn NX®v 100 an.-en. \osc-Sp-

°pI. _m¿tkm∏v 5 {Kmw NoIn 900 an.-en. sh≈-Øn¬ ebn-∏n-°p-I. Incn-bmØv

kØpw, 20 {Kmw \∂mbn Ac® shfp-Øp≈nbpw CXn-te°v tN¿Øv \∂mbn

Cf-°p-I. Cu an{inXw Acn-s®-SpØv IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

4. s]cp-he kØv 5%

s]cp-h-e -sNSn-bpsS ]q°fpw Ce-Ifpw tN¿Øv Ac® an{inXw, 100 {Kmw Hcp

en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ F∂ Af-hn¬ Ie°n Acn-s®-SpØv Xfn-°p-I.

5. tKmaq{Xw Im¥mcn an{inXw

Im¥mcn apfIv 10 {Kmw \∂mbn Ac®v Hcp en‰¿ tKmaq-{X-Øn¬ tN¿°p-I.

an{inXw 9 en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ t\¿∏n®v Xfn®v IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I.

]®-°-dn-bnse IoS \nb-{¥-W-Øn\v

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sIWn-Iƒsh≈-cn-h¿K ]®-°-dn-I-fnse {][m\ i{Xp-hmb Imbo-®-Isf IpSp-°p-∂-

Xn\v ]gw i¿°-c-s°Wn, s^d-tam¨ sIWn F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. sh≈o-®,

ap™ F∂o IoS-ßsf a™-s°Wn \mń \nb-{¥n-°mw.

1) ]gw i¿°-c-s°Wn

]gw 20 {Kmw As√-¶n¬ ]∏mb 10 {Kmw, i¿°c 10 {Kmw ame-Ø-tbm¨ Ac

an√n F∂nh 100 an.en sh≈-Øn¬ Ie¿Øn Zzmc-ap≈ πmÃnIv Ip∏n-I-fn-em°n

]¥-en\p Xmsg Xq°n-bn-Sp-I. c≠m-gvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ sIWn ]pXp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

2) s^d-tam¨ sIWn

Iyqen-b¿ F∂ s^d-tam¨ sIWn-Iƒ Hcp slIvS-dn\v 10 FÆw F∂

tXmXn¬ ]¥-en¬ Xq°n-bn v B¨ Imbo-®-Isf tiJ-cn®v \in-∏n-°mw. B¬°-

tlmƒ, Iyqen-b¿, ame-Øtbm¨ F∂nh 6:4:1 F∂ A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ Ie¿Ønb

an{in-X-Øn¬ ap°nb 5 x 5 x 12 sk.-ao. hen-∏-ap≈ XSn-°-j-W-ßƒ Zzmc-ap≈

Ip∏n-I-fn¬ Xq°n-bn´mWv s^d-tam¨ sIWn Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. Cu sIWn B¨

Cu®-Isf am{Xw BI¿jn-°p-∂n-Xn-\m¬ ]gw i¿°-c-s°Wn D]-tbm-Kn®v s]¨

Cu®-I-sf-°qSn \in-∏n-°-Ww.

3) a™-s°Wn

Hgn™ Sn∂p-I-fpsS ]pdØv a™ s]bn‚-Sn®v DW-°n-b-tijw Bh-W-s°Æ

]pc- p-I. tXm -Øn¬ Iºp-Iƒ \mń AXn≥ta¬ Xøm-dm-°nb Sn∂p-Iƒ IagvØn

hbv°p-I. Iń-bp≈ Im¿Uvt_m¿Un¬ a™ s]bn‚-Sn®v AXn¬ Bh-W-s°Æ

tX®v Iºp-I-fn¬ Xd®v a™-s°Wn D≠m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. sNSn-bpsS \nc-∏n¬

\n∂pw A¬]w XmgvØn thWw a™-s°Wn shbv°m≥. ]®-°-dn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬


\mń-bm¬ sNdp {]mWn-Iƒ AXn¬ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-°pw. CS-bv°nsS t_m¿Uv hrØn-

bm°n Bh-W-s°Æ tX°p-I.

Pohm-Wp-°sf D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ IoS-tcm-K-\n-b-{¥Ww1. ss{St°m-sU¿a

aÆn¬°qSn ]S-cp∂ Ipanƒ tcmK-ßsf hfsc ê-{]-Z-ambn \nb-{¥n-°p-

hm≥ Ign-hp≈ an{X-Ip-an-fmWv ss{St°m-sU¿a. Cu Iƒ®¿ NmW-I-s∏mSn th∏n≥

]nÆm°v an{in-X-Øn¬ hf¿Øn FÆ-Øn¬ s]cp-In-∏n®v ]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v {]tbm-

Kn-°mw.

ss{St°m-sU¿a hf¿Øp∂ coXn

\∂mbn DW-°n-s∏m-Sn®v NmW-I-s∏mSn th∏n≥ ]nÆm°v (9:1) F∂ A\p-]m-

X-Øn¬ Ie¿Øn 2% ˛ 3% ss{St°m-sU¿a tN¿Øv Cf°n kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v,

Cu¿∏w Xfn®v XW-eØv Iq\-Iqń \\™ NWw Nm°v D]-tbm-Kn®v aqSn-bn-Sp-I.

Hcm-gvNbv°v tijw Ch ]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ft∏mgpw NmW-I-

s∏mSn \¬Ip-∂Xn\p-]-Icw ss{St°m-sU¿a hf¿Ønb NmW-I-s∏mSn Bbm¬

Ipanƒ tcmK-ßƒ e-{]-Z-ambn XS-bm≥ km[n-°pw.

2. kyqtUm-tam-Wmkv

]®-°-dn-hn-f-Isf _m[n-°p∂ {][m\ Ipanƒ- -_m-IvSo-c-b¬ tcmK-ßsf e-

{]-Z-ambn \nb-{¥n-°m≥ kyqtUm-tam-Wmkv F∂ an{X _mIvSo-cn-b°v km[n-°pw.

Ch hnØn¬ ]pc-ń-bpw, ssXI-fpsS thcp km{μX IqSnb emb-\n-bn¬ ap°n

\´pw, sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn®pw ]®-°-dn-I-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

D]-tbmKcoXn

1. hnØn¬ ]pc- p∂ coXn:

sh≈w As√-¶n¬ I™n-sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn®v sNdp-Xmbn Cu¿∏w hcp-Ønb

hnØn-te°v s]mSn-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ kyqtUm-tam-Wmkv tN¿Øv kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v XW-

eØv 10˛15 an\n´v \nc-Øn-b-tijw At∏mƒ Xs∂ \Sp-I. 250˛500 {Kmw Iƒ®¿

D]-tbm-Kn®v 5˛10 In.{Kmw hnØv C{]-Imcw ]pc- n-sb-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. Xhm-c-W-bn¬:

]dn®p am‰n \Sp∂ ssXI-fpsS (ap-f-Iv, IØn-cn, hgp-X-\, X°m-fn) thcv

kyqtUm-tam-Wm-kns‚ km{μX IqSnb emb-\n-bn¬ (5% 5 {Kmw Hcp en‰¿ sh≈-

Øn¬) 10˛15 an\n´v ap°n h® tijw \Sp-I.

3. sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p∂ coXn:

]dn®p \´v 20 Znhkw Ign™v 2% hocy-Øn¬ (20 {Kmw Hcp en‰¿ sh≈-


Øn¬) sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-Ibpw Nph- n¬ Hgn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. t\cn v \Sp∂

]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v aq∂ne ]cp-h-Øn¬ 2% hocy-Øn¬ sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-Ibpw

Nph-ń¬ Hgn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. XpS¿®-bmb tcmK km[y-X-bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬

{]tXy-In®v _mIvSo-cn-b-bn¬ hm´w ImWp∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ c≠m-gvN-bn-S-hn v emb\n

Nph- n¬ Hgn-°p-Ibpw sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

3. ]n.-Pn.-B¿. anIvkv 1

hnf-I-fpsS tcmK-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\p≈ kq£vam-Wp-°-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bmWv ]n.-

Pn.-]n.-B-¿ anIvkv ˛1. apI-fn¬ ]d™ coXn-bn¬ kyqtUm-tam-tWmkv {]tbm-Kn-

°p∂ AtX hn[-Øn¬ hnØn¬ ]pc-ńbpw ssXI-fpsS thcv 5% emb-\n-bn¬

ap°nbpw, sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn®pw Ch D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

ssPh-IoS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kq£vam-Wp-°-ƒhnhn-[-bn\w IoS-ß-fn¬ tcmKw ]c-Øp∂ an{X Ipan-fp-I-sfbpw an{X _mIvSo-

cn-b-I-sfbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v ]®-°-dn-I-fn¬ IoS-\n-b-{¥Ww km[y-am-Ip-∂p. hn]-

Wn-bn¬ e`y-am-Ip∂ Ch-bpsS DXv]-∂-ßƒ ip]m¿i sNbvXn-´p≈ Af-hnepw

coXn-bnepw D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bmWv hmWn-Pym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kq£vamWp IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ.

\w. kq£vamWp hn¬]\ \maw \nb-{¥W hnt[-b-am-Ip∂

IoS-ßƒ

1. _mIvSo-cnb

_m n-ekv Xpdn≥ lmƒ´v, ssU∏¬ 8 en. X≠v/Imbv Xpc-∏≥, a‰p

Py≥knÃv _tbm-_n-‰v, sU¬^n≥ ie- -∏p-gp-°ƒ

2. Ipanƒ

F. _nth-dnb_mkn-bm\ _tbm-]-h¿, ap™, Nmgn, Ce-Np-cp- n-∏pgp

_tbm-Km¿Uv dn®v, a‰p ie- -∏p-gp-°ƒ

tdk¿ _n_n

_n. sa‰m-ssdkyw _tbm-sa‰v dn®v Ddp-ºv, NnX¬, aÆn¬

Ass\-tkm-πntb t]k¿ Fw.F ImWp∂ a‰v IoS-ßƒ

kn. sh¿ń-ko-enbw _tbm-tIm-®v, aoen-ap- , i¬°-Io-Sw,

e°m\n aoen-In¬ hn.-F¬ sh≈o-® F∂n-hsb

\nb-{¥n-°mw.


PohmWp hf-ßƒ1. ss\{S-P≥ Pohm-Wp-h-f-ßƒ

]b-dn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ss\{S-P≥ Pohm-Wp-h-f-am-Wv ssdtkm-_nbw hnØn¬

]pc- n-bmWv ssdtkm-_nbw ]b-dn¬ {]tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv. sh≈w As√-¶n¬ I™n-

sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn®v Cu¿∏w hcp-Ønb hnØn-te°v ssdtkm-_nbw tN¿Øv

Cf°n XW-eØv 15˛20 an\n v DW-°nb tijw At∏mƒ Xs∂ hnX-bv°p-I. 500

{Kmw Iƒ®¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v 5˛10 In.{Kmw hnØv ]pc-´mw.

]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ss\{S-P≥ Pohm-Wp-h-f-ß-fmWv Atkm-

kvss]-dn-√hpw Atkm-s´m-_m-IvSdpw. Ch hnØn¬ ]pc- n-bpw, ]dn-®p-am‰n \Sp∂

hnf-I-fpsS thcp-Iƒ ap°n \´pw {]tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX 1:25 F∂

A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ Imen-h-f-hp-ambn tN¿Øv aÆn¬ t\cn v {]tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

2. t^mkv -dkv Pohm-Wp-h-f-ßƒ

1. ssat°m-ssdk

Hcp `mhI Pohm-Wp-hfw F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Hcp tSmWn-°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂

Ipan-fmWv ssat°m-ssd-k. IqSmsX Ipanƒ tcmK-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°m\pw Chbv°p

km[n-°pw. Xmh-c-W-bn¬ Hcp NXp-c{iao‰-dn\v 200 {Kmw F∂ tXmXn¬ apf-Iv,

IØn-cn, hgp-X-\, X°mfn apX-em-b ]®-°dn hnf-I-fpsS \gvk-dn-bn¬ ssat°m-

aØ≥ h≠p-Iƒ


ssdk \¬In ssXIƒ hf¿Øp-I. t\cn´v \Sp∂ ]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v Hcp Ipgn-bn¬

2˛3 {Kmw ssat°m-ssdk \¬In ssXIƒ C´v \SpI hnØv apf®vv thcp s]m´p-

tºmƒ Iƒ®-dn¬ IqSn IS∂p t]mIpw F∂v Dd-∏m-°p-I.

2. t^mkv -dkv tkmep-_n-sse-k¿

CXv Hcp mhI Pohm-Wp-h-f-am-Wv. AXmXv ]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v th≠p∂ ssPh-

hfw 1%- -2% F∂ tXmXn¬ Iƒ®-dp-ambn tN¿Øv ip]m¿i-{]-Im-c-ap≈ tdm°v

t^mkvt -‰n-t\m-sSm∏w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

3. ]n.-Pn.-]n.B¿. anIvkv IF≥.-]n.-sI. F∂o aqe-I-ßƒ Hcp-an®v H‰-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS e`y-am-°m≥ klm-

bn-°p∂ Pohm-Wp-°-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bmWv ]n.-Pn.-]n.-B¿. anIvkv I. Cu Iƒ®¿

1%˛2% F∂ tXmXn¬ Imen-hfw Itºm-Ãp-ambn tN¿Øv ]®-°-dn-hn-f-Iƒ°v \¬Im-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

{i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

1. cmk-h-f-ßƒ, cmk Ipanƒ- -Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ F∂n-h-bp-ambn tN¿Øv D]-tbm-

Kn-°-cp-Xv. c≠mgvN CS-th-f-bn v {]tbm-Kn-°mw.

2. Cu Iƒ®-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°ptºmƒ aÆn¬ AXym-hiyw Cu¿∏w D≠m-bn-cn-

°-Ww.

3. [mcmfw ssPh-hfw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

4. Nmcw tNcmØ ssPh-h-f-tØm-sSm∏w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

5. AwKo-IrX ÿm]-\-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Iƒ®-dp-Iƒ

am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

6. Imem-h-[n°v ap≥]v D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ {i≤n-°p-I.

e`yX

sh≈m-bWn Im¿jnI tImtf-Pnse ssat{Im-_-tbm-fPn Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v,

Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bpsS a‰p Kth-jW ÿm]-\-ßƒ, Irjn

Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ tÃ‰v _tbm I¨t{Smƒ em_v, aÆpØn, Xncp-h-\-

¥-]pcw ]mtdm- p-tIm-WsØ PohmWp DXv]m-Z-\-tI{μw, GXm\pw kzImcy ÿm]-

\-ßƒ apX-em-bh hgn Ch e`y-am-Wv.

KpW-ta∑ \ne-\n¿Øn AwKo-IrX ÿm]-\-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Iƒ®-

dp-Iƒ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-°p-I.

t_m¿tUm-an-{inXw (1%)ssPh-Ir-jn°v A\p-h-Zn-®n- p≈ Hcp Ipanƒ\m-in-\n-bm-Wn-Xv.

Bh-iy-ap≈ km[-\-ßƒ

Xpcniv ˛ 10 {Kmw

NpÆmºv ˛ 10 {Kmw

sh≈w ˛ 1 en‰¿


Xpcnipw NpÆmºpw shtΔsd ]m{X-ß-fn¬ Ac-en-‰¿ hoXw sh≈-Øn¬

ebn-∏n-°p-I. AXn-\p-tijw Xpcn-ip-em-b\n NpÆmºp emb-\n-bn-te°v kmh-

[m\w Hgn-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Cf°n sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. Cßs\ D≠m°n

FSpØ t_m¿tUm-an-{in-X-Øn¬ Xpcn-ins‚ Awiw IqSp-X-em-sW-¶n¬ AXv sNSn-

Isf tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°pw. Xpcn-ins‚ Awiw IqSp-X-emtWm F∂v Hcp Ccp-

ºns‚ IjWtam IØntbm D]-tbm-Kn®v I≠p-]n-Sn-°mw.

AXm-bXv D≠m°n h®n-cn-°p∂ an{in-X-Øn¬ tX®p-an-\p-°nb Ccp-ºns‚

IjvWtam IØntbm Hcp an\n´p t\cw XmgvØn hbv°p-I. FSpØp t\m°p-

tºmƒ tX®p-an-\p-°nb `mKØv Xhn-´p-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ sUt∏m-kn‰v ImWp-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ D≠m-°nb an{in-X-Øn¬ Ccp-ºns‚ Awiw IqSp-X-em-sW∂v a\-kn-em-

°mw. CXv icn-bm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n {]tXyIw Hcp ]m{X-Øn¬ NpÆm-ºp-em-b\n

D≠m°n Ipsd-si-bmbn an{in-X-Øn¬ Hgn-°p-I. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ta¬∏-d™

IØn sSÃv sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. IØn-bn¬ Xhn- p-\ndw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-

Xp-hsc CXm-h¿Øn-°-Ww. ]n∂oSv Cu an{inXw sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

km[m-c-Wbmbn t_m¿tUm an{inXw Xøm-dm-°n-bm-ep-S≥ D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. hfsc IqSp-X¬ Af-hn¬ t_m¿tUm an{inXw D≠m°n Ign™ DS≥

Ahn-Nm-cn-X-ambn agtbm at‰sX-¶n-eptam Imc-W-h-im¬ CXv D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]‰m-

Xn-cp-∂m¬ 2% Icp-∏´n/i¿°c tN¿Øv CXns‚ KpWw \jvS-s∏-SmsX H∂p c≠p

Znh-k-tØ°v kq£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (20 {Kmw/en‰¿) ag-°m-eØv sNSn-I-fn¬ Cu

an{inXw Xfn-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ AXns‚ H´n-∏n-Sn-°m-\p≈ i‡n h¿≤n-∏n-

°m-\mbn A¿∏qkv (ss]≥ ac-Øns‚ Id) As√-¶n¬ at‰-sX-¶nepw ]i-Iƒ

tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]®-°-dn-I-fnse hm´w, Icn-®n¬, Ce-∏p-≈n, Agp-I¬ F∂nh t_m¿tUm-an-

{inXw D]-tbm-Kn®v \nb-{¥n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu an{inXw aÆn¬ Hgn-®p-sIm-Sp-

°m\pw sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ssPh-hf {]tbmKwsNSn-bpsS hf¿®bv°v anI® t]mjWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. e-]p-jvSn-bp≈ sNSn-

Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb t]mjWw \¬In \√ hnfhv e`y-am-°p-∂-Xv. ssPh-h-f-ß-

fm¬ kºp-jvS-amb aÆv sNSn-bpsS hf¿®bv°v Bh-iy-amb aqe-I-ßƒ \¬In

hnfhv h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. hnf-Iƒ°v ASn-h-f-ambn sk‚n\v 200 Intem{Kmw ssPhhfw

aÆn¬ tN¿Øv \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. ssPh-h-f-ßƒ AWp-Po-hn-I-fpsS hf¿®bv°pw

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-sam-cp°n aÆns‚ hf-°qdpw DXv]m-Z-\-

ti-jnbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p. aÆnse Cu¿∏w \jvS-s∏-Sm-sXbpw kq£n-°p-∂p.

ssPh-h-f-ßƒ Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw e`y-am-°p-sa-¶n¬, sNSn-Iƒ°v kq£va-aq-e-I-

ß-fpsS Ipdhv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-dn-√.

]®n-e-h-f-ßƒ, Imen-h-f-ßƒ, Itºm-Ãp-Iƒ, F√p-s]m-Sn, hnhn-[-Xcw ]nÆm-

°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bmWv {][m\ ssPh-h-f-ßƒ.


ssPh-hf {]tbm-K-coXn

1. aÆn¬ Aæhpw £mchpw {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn IpΩmbw 1 sk‚n\v 2

In.{Kmw hoXw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

2. DW-°n-s∏m-Sn® NmWIw sks‚m-∂n\v 200 In.{Kmw hoXw ASn-h-f-ambn

\¬Ip-I.

3. sks‚m-∂n\v Hcp In.{Kmw F√p-s]mSn ASn-h-f-ambn \¬Ip-∂Xv thcp-]n-

SnØw Iq´m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

4. Hcp Intem ]®-Nm-WIw 10 en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ ebn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øm¬ e`n-°p∂

]®-Nm-WIw emb-\n-bpsS sXfn Du‰n-sb-SpØv Ce-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-Ibpw Nph- n-

sem-gn®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNømw.

5. ssPh-…dn Xøm-dm°n BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ sNSn-I-fpsS XS-Øn¬ Hcp en‰¿

hoXw Hgn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I.

ssPh-…dn Xøm-dm-°p-∂-hn[w

Hcp _°-‰n¬ Hcp Intem ]®-Nm-W-Iw, Hcp Intem IS-e-∏n-Æm-°v, Hcp

Intem th∏n≥]n-Æm-°v F∂nh Hcp-an®p tN¿Øv 10 en‰¿ sh≈w Hgn®v ]pfn-∏n-

°m≥ hbv°p-I. 5 Znh-k-ßƒ°p tijw Cu an{inXw Cc-ń-bmbn t\¿∏n®v XS-

Øn¬ 1 en‰¿ hoXw Hgn®v sImSp-°p-I.

hf¿®m Xzc-I-ßƒ

ssPh coXn-bn¬ Irjn sNøp-tºmƒ hf¿® Ipd-bp-sa∂ [mcW hym]-I-am-

Wv. ]s£ bYm-k-abw Bh-iy-amb ssPh-h-f-ßƒ \¬Ip-I-bpw, ]©-K-hyw,

^njv Aant\m Bkn-Uv, C.Fw t]mep≈ hf¿®m Xzc-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXm¬ sNSn-I-fpsS hf¿®bpw Btcm-Kyhpw Dd-∏m-°mw.

]©-Khyw

]ip-hns‚ NmW-Ihpw aq{Xhpw ]mepw ssXcpw s\øpw DNn-X-amb A\p-]m-

X-Øn¬ Iqń- Ie¿Øn-bm¬, {]kvXpX an{in-X-Øn\v A¤p-X-hm-l-amb ê-

ßƒ krjvSn-°m-≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v ]co-£-W-ßƒ sXfn-bn-®n- p-≠v. hnf-I-fpsS hf¿®

Iqń hnfhv h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ssPh-tlm¿tam¨ Bbpw \ocq‰n IpSn-°p∂

IoS-ßsf \nb-{¥n®v IoS-tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn ssIh-cn-°p∂Xn\pw AXyp-Ø-

a-amWv ]©-K-hyw.

]®-Nm-WIw ˛ 4.8 Intem

tKmaq{Xw ˛ 4 en‰¿

]m¬ ˛ 1/2 en‰¿

s\øv ˛ 500 {Kmw

ssXcv ˛ 500 {Kmw

]mf-bw-tIm-S≥ ]gw ˛ 2 FÆw


F∂n-h-bmWv ]©-K-hy-Øns‚ tNcp-h-Iƒ. ]®-Nm-W-Ihpw s\øpw \∂mbn

tbmPn-∏n®v Hcp Znhkw sh°-Ww. CXn-te°v ]m¬, ssXcv, tKmaq-{Xw, ]gw

F∂n tN¿Øv \∂mbn Cf°n tbmPn-∏n-°p-I. CXv XW-en¬ kq£n®p sh°p-

I. Znh-tk\ Cf-°p-I. \√ hmbp-k-©mcw e`n-°m\pw kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ h¿≤n-

°m\pw CXv klm-bn-°p-∂p. 15 Znh-k-ßƒ°p tijw 10 Cc´n sh≈w tN¿Øv

t\¿∏n®v Ce-I-fn¬ \mene {]mbw apX¬ BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ Xfn-°mw.

^njv Aant\m BknUv

Hcp hf¿®m Xzc-I-amb ^njv Aant\m Bkn-Uv 2 an√n, Hcp en‰¿ sh≈-

Øn¬ tN¿Øv 10 Znhkw CS-hn´v sshIp-t∂cw sNSn-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-I.

^njv Aant\m BknUv Xøm-dm-°p∂ hn[w

]®-a¬kyhpw i¿°-cbpw IqSn ]pfn-∏n®v Xøm-dm-°p∂ Hcp hf¿®m Xzc-I-

am-Wn-Xv. sNdnb IjvW-ß-fmbn apdn® 1 Intem ]®-a-Ønbpw Hcp Intem s]mSn®

i¿°-cbpw Hcp-an®v tN¿Øv hmbp IS-°mØ AS-∏p-≈ ]m{X-Øn¬ 15 Znhkw

shb-v°p-I. 15 Znh-k-ßƒ Ignbp-tºmƒ Cu an{inXw 2 an√n FSpØv Hcp en‰¿

sh≈-Øn¬ t\¿∏n®v ]Øp ZnhkØn¬ Hcn-°¬ \men-e-{]mbw apX¬ Xfn-

°m-hp-∂-XmWv. sNSn-Iƒ°v \√ hf¿® e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Imcy-£-a-X-bp≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ (C.-Fw)

Hcp Iq´w kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS an{in-X-amWv ^e-{]-Zßfmb Pohm-Wp-°ƒ

(C.-Fw) F∂ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ {]Imi kwt«-

jW _mIvSo-cn-b, boÃv, BIvSn-t\m-ssa-k-‰p-Iƒ, InWz-\-Ip-an-fp-Iƒ, emIvSnIv

BknUv _mIvSo-cnb F∂n-h-sb√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

ssPh-Ir-jn-co-Xn-bn¬ BZysØ H∂p c≠p sIm√-ß-fn¬, aÆn¬°q-Sn-bpw,

sh≈-Øn¬°q-Snbpw ssPh-h-f-ß-fn¬ IqSnbpw C.-Fw. \¬In-bm¬ s]s´∂p

Xs∂ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n®v, sNSn-Iƒ \∂mbn hf¿∂v \√ hnfhv

Xcp-∂p. Cßs\ Hcn-°¬ C.-Fw. {]tbm-Kn®v Ign-™m¬ Xt±-in-b-amb Imcy-£-

a-X-bp≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw h¿≤n-°p-∂p. Aßs\ Hcp ]‰w kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ

]n¥-≈-s∏-Sp-Ibpw aÆns‚ Btcm-Kyw IqSp-Ibpw tcmK-ßƒ Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. hnØns‚ A¶p-cWw apX¬, hf¿®-bn-epw, ]q°p-∂-Xnepw. Imbv°p-∂-Xnepw,

Btcm-Ky-Øn-epw, hnf-hnepw F√mw [mcmfw ssPhmw-i-ap-≈Xpw C.-Fw. D≈-Xp-

amb aÆn¬ hf-cp∂ kky-ßƒ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂p.

BIvSn-th-‰Uv C.-Fw. (AEM)1 en‰¿ tkm∏v emb\n C.-Fw. 1 Intem i¿°-c, 20 en‰¿ sh≈w F∂nh

Hcp _°-‰n¬ B°n, \∂mbn Cf-°n, AS®v {]Im-ihpw NqSpw X´msX 10

Znhkw kq£n-®p-h-bv°p-I. emb-\n-bpsS ]n.®v. (PH) (A-æ£mc aqeyw) Cu

ka-bw-sIm≠v 3.4 ¬ Xmsg-bm-hp-I-bpw, \√ Hcp kpK‘w emb-\n°v A\p-`-h-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. CXmWv F.-C.-Fw. CXn¬ \n∂v 2 an√n FSpØv 1 en‰¿


sh≈-Øn¬ t\¿∏n®v sNSn-IfpsS Ce-I-fn¬ Xfn-°p-I-tbm, aÆn¬ tN¿°p-I-

tbm, Itºm-Ãn¬ tN¿°p-Itbm sNømw.

ItºmÃv \n¿Ωm-WwItºm-Ãp-≠m-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ ÿew \∂mbn sh≈w sIń \n¬°m-Ø-

hn[w hrØn-bm-°-Ww. Hcp _°-‰n¬ 30 en‰¿ sh≈w, 500 an√n BIvSn-th-‰Uv

C.-Fw. (F.-C.-Fw), 300 an√n i¿°-c-em-b\n F∂nh \∂mbn Iqń-tbm-Pn-∏n®v

AXn¬ \n∂pw 5 en‰¿ FSpØv hrØn-bm-°n-h-®n-cn-°p∂ {]X-e-Øn¬ Hgn-®psIm-

Sp-°p-I. Cu {]X-e-Øn\p apI-fn¬ NmWIw 5 sk.-ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ Iqń-bn-Sp-I.

CXn\p apI-fn¬ Cu¿∏w \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ta¬∏-d™ emb\n Ipd®p Xfn-®p-sIm-

Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn\p apI-fn¬ N∏p-N-h-dp-I-fpw, If-I-fpw, Iqń-bn´v ho≠pw

emb\n Xfn-°-Ww. Cu {]{Inb GI-tZiw 135 sk.-ao. (1.35 ao‰¿) Dbcw hsc

Bh¿Øn-°mw. Cu Iqºmcw jo‰v D]-tbm-Kn®v aqtS-≠-Xm-Wv. 20˛25 Znh-k-ßƒ°p

tijw Cu Iqºm-c-Ønse Cu¿∏w ]cn-tim-[n-®v, Ipd-hm-sW-¶n¬ sh≈w tN¿Øv

sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. km[m-c-W-bmbn 40˛45 en‰¿ sh≈w Bh-iy-ambn hcm-dp-≠v.

Xm]-\ne A\p-Iq-e-am-sW-¶n¬ 40˛45 Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Cu ssPhm-h-injvSw

\√ Itºm-Ãmbn amdn-bn- p≠mIpw.

C.-Fw. Itºm-ÃnMv \S-Øp-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

ItºmÃv aÆn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂-XmWv G‰hpw \√-Xv.kkym-h-in-jvS-hpw, NmW-Ihpw 2:1 F∂ A\p-]m-X-ØnseSp-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-°-Ww.ItºmÃv ag sh≈-Øn¬ Hen-®p-t]m-Im-sXbpw, t\cn v kqcy-{]-Imiw G¬°m-sXbpw {i≤n-°-Ww. XW-en¬ thWw Itºm-Ãp-≠m-°m≥.5 Intem ]nÆm°pw 5 Intem F√p s]mSnbpw Itºm-Ãn¬ tN¿°p-∂Xv

hfsc \√-Xm-Wv.

aÆnc ItºmÃnwKvkm[mcW Itºm-Ãv coXn-I-fn¬ ItºmÃv Xøm-dm-Im≥ 3˛4 amk-sa-Sp-°p-

tºmƒ aÆnc Itºm-ÃnwKv coXn hgn ItºmÃv 30˛35 Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬

Xømdmhp∂p.


GI-tZiw 45 sk.ao \ofw, 30 sk.ao hoXn, 45 sk.-ao. s]m°-hp-ap≈ ho™-

s∏-ńtbm πmÃnIv ]m{Xtam ASn-hn-kvXm-c-ap≈ Nńtbm CXn-te-°mbn D]-tbm-

Kn-°mw. s]ń-bpsS NphsS sh≈w hm¿∂p t]mIp-∂-Xn\v c≠p Zzmc-ßƒ CSWw.

ho™-s∏ń thKw NoØ-bm-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ ASn-bn¬ GI-tZiw 5 sk.-ao. I\-

Øn¬ πmÃnIv jo‰v hncn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 5 sk.-ao. I\-Øn¬ aW¬ \ncØn

AXn\p apI-fnembn 3 sk.-ao-‰¿ I\-Øn¬ NIncn CSp-I. XpS¿∂v aq∂n©v I\-

Øn¬ 200 {Kmw/500 FÆw aÆn-c-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb ItºmÃv AYhm NmW-Is∏mSn

\nc-Øp-I. CXn-\p-ap-I-fn¬ Hmtcm Znh-ktØbpw ASp-°-f-bnse ]mgv hkvXp-

°ƒ (πm-ÃnIv Hgn-hm-°-Ww) F√m-bn-SØpw \nc-∏mbn hncn®v Fń©v I\w FØn-

°p-I. aÆn-csb C´v 20˛25 Znhkw BIp-tºmƒ am{Xw ASp-°f Ah-injvSw

\nt£-]n®p XpS-ßp-I. AXp-I-gn-™m¬ s]ń°p apI-fn¬ Hcp Nm°v hncn®v

A\-°msX am‰n h® tijw Znh-khpw sh≈w Xfn®p sImSp-°p-I.

ASp-°-f-bnse ]mgv hkvXp-°ƒ CSp-tºmƒ CS-bv°nsS IS-emkv Ij-W-

ßƒ, ]mXn Agp-Inb DW-ßnb Ce-Iƒ apX-em-bh CSp-∂Xv hnc-Iƒ°m-h-iy-

amb hmbp k©mcw Iq´m≥ klm-bn-°pw. s]ń-°p-aosX Iºn-hne CSp-∂Xv

hmbp k©mcw Iq´m≥ klm-bn-°pw. s]ń-°p-aosX Iºn-he CSp-∂Xv Fen,

Im° apX-em-b-h-bpsS B{I-a-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw aÆn-csb c£n-°pw. πmÃnIv

]m{X-ß-fn¬ sh≈w Hgn®v s]ń shbv°p-Itbm As√-¶n¬ s]ń I√p-Iƒ°v

apI-fn¬ h®v I√n\p Np‰pw D∏v/a™ƒs∏mSn hnX-dp-∂Xpw Ddpºp ieyw Ipd-

bv°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

s]ń shbn-e-Øp-h-®m¬ hnc-Iƒ Xms\ ASn-bn¬ t]mIpw. AXn-\p-tijw

aosX-bp≈ ItºmÃv am‰n s]ń ho≠pw ItºmÃv \n¿Ωn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

c≠v ItºmÃv s]ń-Iƒ Hcp-an®v Hcp hoń¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv hnc-Iƒ am‰m≥

Ffp-∏-am-Ipw. FÆbpw Fcnhpw IqSp-X-ep≈ Ah-in-jvS-ßƒ Hgn-hm°Ww. BgvN-

bn¬ Hcn-°¬ ssPhm-h-in-jvS-ßƒ Hcp Iºv D]-tbm-Kn®v Cf°ns°mSp-°-Ww.

aÆnc Itºm-Ãn¬°qSn sh≈w kmh[m\-Øn¬ Hgn®v ticn°p∂ sXfn™

{Zmh-I-amb sh¿an hmjv A©n-cń sh≈w tN¿Øv t\¿∏n®v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv

hf-sc-b-[nIw KpW-{]-Z-am-Wv.


kq£vamWp hf-ßƒkq£vam-Wphfß-fpsS D]-tbm-Khpw ssPh-]-®-°dn Irjn-bn¬ hfsc {]m[m-

\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. {][m\ kky-aq-e-I-ßƒ aÆn¬ e`y-am-°m≥ Ch klm-bn-°p-

∂p. A¥-co-£-Ønse ss\{S-Ps\ hen-s®-SpØv sNSn-Iƒ°p kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bp∂ Atam-Wnb cq]-Øn-em°n \¬Ip∂ kq£vam-Wp-°-fmWv ssdtkm-_n-bw,

Atkm-kvss]-dn-√w, Ak-t‰m-_m-IvSo-cnb F∂nh. hnØn¬ ]pc-´n-tbm, t\cn´p

aÆn¬ tN¿tØm Ch D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

ssdtkm-_nbw

]b-dp-h¿K sNSn-I-fpsS thcp-I-fn-ep≈ apg-I-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ ssdtkm-_nbw,

sNSn-Iƒ°m-h-iy-amb ss\{S-P≥ e`y-am-°p-∂p. ]b¿ hnØn¬ ssdtkm-_nbw

]pc- n, ss\{S-P≥ IqSp-X¬ e`y-am-°mw. 10 Intem ]b¿ hnØv Ac-Intem ssdtkm-

_nbw Iƒ®-dpw, I™n-sh-≈hpw tN¿Øv Cf°n XW-en¬ DW°n hnX-bv°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Akt‰m _mIvS¿

aÆn¬ kzX-{¥-ambn hkn®v sNSn-Iƒ°v ss\{S-P≥ Atam-Wn-b-bpsS cq]-

Øn¬ \¬Im≥ Ign -hp≈ as‰mcp

PohmWp-hmWv Akt‰m _mIvS¿. hnØn¬

]pc- m\pw ]dn®p \Sp∂ sNSn-I-fpsS thcp

ap°n-h-bv°p-hm\pw aÆn¬ tN¿°m\pw

Akt‰m _mIvS¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

Atkm-kvss]-dn√w

sNSn-I-fpsS thcns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn-epw, D≈nepw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ aÆnepw

hkn®v ss\{S-P≥ \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ as‰mcp kq£vam-Wp-hmWv Atkm-kvss]-

dn-√w.

t^mkv -dkv _mIvSo-cnb

Nne-bn\w _mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒ°pw Ipan-fpIƒ°pw aÆn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

t^mkvt^-‰ns\ sNSn-Iƒ°p hen-s®-Sp-°m-hp∂ cq]-Øn-em°n \¬Im≥ Ign-

bpw. tIc-f-Ønse aÆn¬ AæX IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ sNSn-Iƒ°v Ch ]e-

t∏mgpw t\cn´v hen-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-dn-√. Cu {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

t^mkv -dkv _mIvSo-cnb Iƒ®¿, hnØn¬ ]pc- n-tbm, ssXI-fpsS thcv emb-\n-

bn¬ ap°n-tbm, t\cn´p aÆn¬ tN¿tØm \¬Imw.

s]m´mjv _mIvSo-cnb

s]m´mjv \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ _mIvSo-cnb Iƒ®-dp-Ifpw C∂p e`y-am-Wv. hnf-

hn¬ 20% hsc h¿≤-\-bp-≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Cu _mIvSo-cnb Iƒ®¿ hnØn¬

]pc- ntbm ssXIƒ ap°n-h-bv°p-Itbm t\cnt´m D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.


Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂p hmßp∂

]®-°-dn-Isf hnj-ap-‡-am-°m≥Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂p hmßp∂ ]®-°-dn-Ifnse hnj amen-\y-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈

dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\-kn¬ F∂pw Hcp t]Sn kz]v\-am-Wv. F∂m¬

hfsc efn-X-hpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb Nne am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS \s√m-c-fhv IoS-\m-in-\n-

bpsS Awiw Ipd-bv°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xmbn ]T-\-ß-fn¬ I≠n- p-≠v.

Hmtcm ]®-°-dnbpw am¿°-‰n¬ \n∂p hmßn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn

ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmgpw kq£n-°p-tºmgpw {i≤n-°p-∂-Xp-hgn ]®-°-dn-I-fn-eqsS

\ΩpsS D≈n-se-Øm≥ km[y-X-bp≈ IoS-\m-in-\n-Isf \o°w sNøm≥ km[n-

°pw.

]b¿h¿K ]®-°-dn-Iƒ

1. ]b¿ h¿K- ]®-°-dn-I-fn¬ IoS-\m-in\n Ah-injvSw G‰-hp-a-[nIw Is≠-ØnbXv

h≈n-∏-b-dn-em-Wv.

]m{Xw Igp-Im≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kvt]m©v kv{I_-

dns‚ Ij-W-tam, NIn-cntbm D]-tbm-Kn®v Sm∏v sh≈-

Øn¬ aqt∂m \mtem ]b¿ Hcp-an®v h®v Dckn Igp-

In-b-Xn-\p-tijw 15 an\n v hn\m-Kncn emb-\n-bn¬ ap°n-

h-bv°-Ww. kn¥-‰nIv hn\m-Kncn 40 an√n c≠v en‰¿

sh≈-Øn¬ Ie°n ]b¿ap°n hbv°m≥ ]‰nb hen-

∏-ap≈ ]m{X-Øn¬ hbv°-Ww. CXn\p tijw ]®-

sh-≈-Øn¬ Igp-In, sh≈w hm¿∂v t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw

Cg-b-I-e-ap≈ XpWn-k-©n-I-fn¬ s]mXn™v {^nUvPn-

te°v am‰-Ww. hn\m-Kncn°v ]Icw hmf≥]pfn kØpw

D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 40 {Kmw hmf≥]pfn 2 en‰¿

sh≈-Øn¬ ]ngn™ tijw Acn-s®-SpØ Xhn v emb-

\n-bn¬ ]b¿ 15 an\n´v ap°n sh®m¬ aXn. CXn-\p-tijw ]®-sh-≈-Øn¬ Igp-

In, sh≈w hm¿∂v t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw Cg-b-I-e-ap≈ XpWn-k-©n-I-fn¬ s]mXn™v

{^nUvPn-te°v am‰-Ww.

2. Ce-h¿K-]-®-°-dn-Iƒ

Noc, Idn-th-∏ne, a√n-bne F∂o Ce-h¿K-]-®-°-dn-Ifn¬ Noc-bn-epw, Idn-

th-∏n-e-bn-ep-amWv IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-hn-jmwiw G‰hpw IqSp-X-embn

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Noc

Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂p hmßp∂ Noc Nph-Sp-`mKw thtcmsS apdn®p am‰n-b-

tijw X≠pw Ce-Ifpw Sm∏v sh≈-Øn¬ ]e-X-hW IgpIn hrØn-bm-°-Ww.

AXn-\p-tijw 15 an\n v ]pfn-sh-≈-Øn¬ ap°n-h-bv°-Ww. CXn-\mbn Ipcp-If™


]pfn 60 {Kmw (sN-dp-\m-cß hen-∏w) aq∂p en‰¿

sh≈-Øn¬ Ie°n Acn-s®-SpØv Noc ap°n-

hbv°m≥ ]‰nb hen-∏-ap≈ ]m{X-Øn¬ hbv°-

Ww. CXn-\p-tijw ]®-sh-≈-Øn¬ Igp-In, sh≈w

hm¿Øv If-™n´v Ce-Ifpw X≠pw th¿s]-SpØn

Cu¿∏w C√msX Cg-b-I∂ XpWn-k-©n-I-fntem πmÃnIv Is≠-bv\-dntem am‰nb

tijw {^nUvPn¬ kq£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Idn-th-∏ne

Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂v hmßp∂ Idn-th-∏ne X≠n¬ \n∂v Ducn FSpØn´v

Sm∏v sh≈-Øn¬ Hcp an\n´v t\cw \∂mbn De®v Igp-In-b-Xn-\p-tijw 15 an\n´v

]pfn-sh-≈-Øn¬ ap°n hbv°-Ww. Cu¿∏w C√msX Cg-b-I-e-ap≈ XpWn-k-©n-

I-fn-tem, AS-∏p≈ πmÃnIv Is≠-bn-\-dntem Ão¬ ]m{X-Øntem sh®v {^nUvPn¬

kq£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

a√n-bne

ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ hfsc ap≥I-cp-X-se-Sp-t°≠ ]®-°-dn-bmWv a√n-

bne. kem-Up-I-fnepw a‰pw ]mNIw sNøm-sXbpw tasºm-Sn-°mbpw D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v IqSp-X¬ {i≤n-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ NphSv apdn®v If-™-

tijw Sm∏v sh≈-Øn¬ ]e Bh¿Øn Igp-I-Ww. hmbp IS-°mØ πmÃnIv

Is≠-bv\-dn-tem, Ão¬ ]m{X-Øn-tem aqt∂m \mtem Snjyp-t]-∏¿ ASn-bnepw

apI-fn-ep-ambn \nc-Øn-sh® tijw Cu¿∏w am‰n a√n-Ø-≠p-Iƒ Ch-bv°n-S-bn¬

\nc-Øn-h-bv°mw. Snjyp-t]-∏-dn-s√-¶n¬ Cg-b-I∂ tIm´¨ XpWn Ij-Wtam \yqkv

t]∏tdm D]-tbm-Kn-®mepw aXn.

3. sh≈-cn-h¿K ]®-°-dn-Iƒ

]mh¬, ]S-h-ew, IWn-sh-≈-cn, kemUv

sh≈cn, tImh¬, aØ≥, Cf-h≥, Ipº-fw, ]o®n¬

F∂n-h-bn¬ IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-hn-jmwiw

IqSp-X-embn ImWp-∂Xv ]mhbv°, ]S-h-e-ß,

sh≈cn F∂n-h-bn-em-Wv.

]mhbv°

]mh-bv°-bpsS ]pdsØ ap≈p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ IoS-\m-in-\n-em-b\n ]‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-

cn-°m≥ IqSp-X¬ km[y-X-bp-≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv a‰v ]®-°-dn-Isf°mƒ hnjmwi

{]iv\w ]mh-bv°-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂p hmßp∂

]mhbv° Hcp {_jv D]-tbm-Kn®v IgpIn hrØn-bm-°-Ww. km[m-cW XpWn

Ae-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ arZp-hmb \mcp-Iƒ D≈ Hcp hmjnwKv {_jv CXn-

\p-th≠n ASp-°-f-bn¬ {]tXyIw IcpXn hbv°-Ww. A[nIw Aa¿ØmsX Dckn

Hcp an\n´v Sm∏v sh≈-Øn¬ Igp-In-b-Xn-\p-tijw 15 an\n´v hn\m-Kncn 40 an√n


c≠v en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ Ie°n ]mhbv° ap°n

shbv°m≥ ]‰nb hen-∏-ap≈ Ip∏n-bntem πmÃnIv

Pmdntem shbv°-Ww. CXn\p tijw ]®-sh-≈-

Øn¬ Igp-In, sh≈w hm¿∂v t]mIm≥ ]‰nb kpjn-

c-ßfp≈ πmÃnIv Ip -bntem _mkv°-‰ntem shbv°-

Ww. Cßs\ Hcp cm{Xn h®-Xn\p tijw ASpØ Znhkw {^nUvPn-te°v am‰Ww.

Cg-b-I∂ tIm´¨ XpWn k©nbntem t]∏¿ _mKntem B°n-b-tijw

{^nUvPn¬ shbv°p-∂-XmWv \√-Xv.

]S-h-ew, IWn-sh-≈cn, kemUv sh≈cn

IS-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hmßp∂ ]S-h-ew, IWn-sh-≈cn, kemUv sh≈-cn, aØ≥,

Ipº-fw, ]n®n¬ F∂nh. Hcp {_jv D]-tbm-Kn®v

IgpIn hrØn-bm-°n-b-tijw sh≈w hm¿∂p t]mIm≥

]‰nb πmÃnIv Ip´-bntem _°-‰ntem IpØs\

shbv°-Ww. Cu¿∏w amdn-b-Xn-\p-tijw Cg-b-I∂

tIm´¨ XpWn-bntem tXm¿Øntem s]mXn™v

{^nUvPn¬ kq£n-°mw. Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ hn\m-Kncn

emb-\n-bn¬ (40 an√n/2 en‰¿ sh≈w) 15 an\n v ap°n sh®-tijw Sm∏v sh≈Øn¬

IgpIn ip≤o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. apdn®v Ij-W-ß-fm°n hmßp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

Cu¿∏w ]q¿Æ-ambn \o°n-b-tijw πmÃnIv Is≠-bv\-dp-I-fn-em°n {^nUvPn¬

sh®n´v sXmen sNØn am‰n. D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-XmWv \√-Xv.

4. hgp-X\h¿K ]®-°-dn-Iƒ

hgp-X-\, X°m-fn, IØn-cn, ]®-ap-f-Iv, Im]vkn°w F∂n-h-bn¬ IoS-\m-in-\n-

bpsS Ah-in-jvS-hn-jmwiw G‰hpw A[n-I-ambn

ImWp-∂Xv ]®-ap-f-Iv, Im]vkn°w F∂n-h-bn-em-Wv.

Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂v hmßp∂ hgp-X-\-h¿K

]®-°-dn-Iƒ Hcp an\n´v Sm∏v sh≈-Øn¬ ssI

sIm≠v Dckn Igp-I-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw 15 an\n´v

hn\m-Kncn emb-\n-bntem hmf≥]pfn emb-\n-bntem

ap°n hbv°-Ww. CXn-\mbn IS-bn¬ In´p∂

kn¥‰nIv hn\m-Kncn 40 an√n As√-¶n¬ hmf≥]pfn 40 {Kmw c≠p en‰¿

sh≈Øn¬ Ie-°-Ww. CXn-\p-tijw ]®-sh-≈-Øn¬ Igp-In, sh≈w hm¿Øv

Ifbm≥ πmÃnIv Ip -bn-tem, kpjn-c-ß-fp≈ ]m{X-Øntem Hcp cm{Xn hbv°Ww.

ASpØ Znhkw sR v mKw th¿s]-Sp-Øn, Cu¿∏w amdn-b-Xn\p tijw {^nUvPn¬

kq£n-°mw.

5. ioX-Im-e-]-®°dn-Iƒ

Imt_-Pns‚ ]pdsØ CX-fp-I-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ IoS-\m-in\n \n¬°m≥ km[y-

X-bp-≈-Xp-sIm≠v ]pdsØ aq∂v CX-fp-I-sf-¶nepw AS¿Øn am‰n-bn´v Sm∏v

sh≈Øn¬ NIncn sImt≠m kv{I_¿ sImt≠m \∂mbn Dckn


IgpInsbSp°Ww. Cu¿∏w amdn-b-Xn\p tijw XpWn k©n-I-fn¬ {^nUvPn¬

kq£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tImfn-^vf-h-dns‚ Ce \o°n-b-tijw ]qhns‚ Hmtcm X≠p-I-fmbn apdn®v

th¿s]-SpØn FSp-°-Ww. Hcp ]c∂ ]m{X-Øn¬ 40 an√n kn¥-‰nIv hn\m-Kncn 2

en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ Ie-°n, emb-\n-bn¬ th¿s]-Sp-Ønb tImfn-^vf-h¿ Ij-W-

ßƒ 15 an\n-s´-¶nepw ap°n sh°-Ww. CXn-\p-tijw ]e Bh¿Øn ]®-sh-≈-

Øn¬ IgpIn Ign™v ]mN-I-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. apdn® tImfn- vf-h¿ Ij-W-

ßƒ Hcp Znh-k-Øn-e-[nIw {^nUvPn¬ kq£n-°m≥ ]mSn-√.

IoS-\m-in\n hnjmw-isØ t]Sn-°msX Ign-°m-hp∂ ]®-°-dn-I-fmWv Imc‰v,

_o‰vdq v, dmUnjv F∂n-h. IoS-\m-in\n {]tbmKw s]mXpsh Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sIm≠pw

sXmen Npc-≠n-°-f-™n v am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw kpc-£nX ]®-°dn

Bbn- m-Wn-hsb Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. Xt≠mSv tN¿∂n-cn-°p∂ A‰w IØn-sIm≠v apdn®v

am‰n sXmen Npc-≠n-b-tijw ]®-sh-≈-Øn¬ ]e Bh¿Øn IgpIn hrØn-

bm°nb tijw kpj-c-ß-fp≈ ]m{X-Øn¬ Hcp cm{Xn sh®n-cn-°-Ww. ASpØ

Znhkw XpWn k©n-bntem πmÃnIv Is≠-bv\-dntem kq£n-°mw.

6. Ing-ßp-h¿K hnf-Iƒ

tN\, tNºv, Im®n¬, Iq¿Iv (io-h-°n-g-ßv), a[p-c-°n-g-ßv, Dcp-f-°n-gßv F∂nh

IoS-\m-in-\n-{]-tbmKw hfsc Ipd-hp≈ hnf-I-fm-Wv. aÆn¬ hnfbp∂ hnf-I-fm-b-

Xp-sIm≠v IoS-\m-in\n hnjmw-i-tØ-°mƒ kq£n-t°-≠-Xv Ch-bn-eqsS £-W-

Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂ a‰p kq£vamWp-°-sfbm-Wv. aen-\-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬

Irjn-sN-øp-∂Xv hgnbpw hnf-sh-SpØ tijw ]e ÿeØpw aÆnepw a‰pw

sh®v ]e hml-\-ß-fn-eqsS bm{X sNbvXp-am-bn-cn°pw Ch Itºm-f-Øn-se-Øp-

∂-Xv.

tN\, tNºv, Im®n¬, Iq¿°

Ch-bpsS ]pdØv ]‰n-bn-cn-°p∂ aÆn-s‚bpw a‰v amen-\y-ß-fp-sSbpw Awiw

]q¿W-ambpw am‰p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bp≈ hrØn-bm-°-emWv BZyw sNtø-≠-Xv.

]e Bh¿Øn A¬]w NIncn D]-tbm-Kn®v Aa¿Øn Dckn IgpIn tN\-bp-sS-

bpw, tNºn-s‚bpw, Im®n-en-s‚bpw D]-cn-Xe amen\yw \o°-Ww. tN\ apdn®v

Ij-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Cu¿∏w ]q¿W-ambn am‰n-bn- p-thWw {^nUvPn-te°v am‰m≥.

πmÃnIv Ih-dp-I-fn-en v {^nUvPn¬ hbv°p-∂Xv icn-bmb coXn-b-√. Cgb-I-e-ap≈

XpWn k©n-I-fn¬ s]mXn™v shbv°p-∂Xv \√-Xv. ]mNIw sNøp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v

tNºv, Im®n¬, Iq¿° F∂n-h-bpsS sXmen Npc≠n If-bp-I-bpw, tN\-bpsS

sXmen sNØn If-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-tXmsS hnj-hn-ap-‡-am-°¬ {]{Inb

]q¿WamIp-∂p.


a[p-c-°n-g-ßv, Dcp-f-°n-gßv

a[p-c-°n-g-ßpw, Dcp-f-°n-gßpw ]mNIw sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn H∂p-c≠p

XhW sh≈-Øn¬ \√-Xp-t]mse Dc®v IgpIn ]pdØv ]‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°p∂ aÆpw

a‰p amen-\y-ßfpw \o°-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw sXmen-sN-Øn-am‰n Aa¿Øn Dckn

IgpIn thWw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥. {^nUvPn¬ kq£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ πmÃnIv Ih-

dp-I-fn¬ C´v sh°msX Cg-b-I∂ XpWn k©n-I-fn¬ B°n-sh-bv°p-∂-XmWv

\√-Xv.

hnhn-[-bn\w ]®-°-dn-I-fpsS hnjmw-i-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ IqsS shfn-s∏- Xv Idn-

th-∏n-e, ]®-ap-f-Iv, Noc, Im]vkn-°w, h≈n-∏-b¿, ]mh-bv°, ]S-h-ew, tImfn- vf-

h¿, sh≠-bv°, Imt_-Pv F∂o ]Øp ]®-°-dn-Isf am{Xta IoS-\m-in\n hnjmw-

i-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ t]Sn-t°-≠-Xp-≈q F∂mWv. Ch-bn-tem-tcm-∂nepw hfsc

efn-Xhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Nne am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc hnj-hn-ap-

‡-am-°m≥ km[n-°pw F∂mWv ]T-\-ß-fn-eqsS shfn-s∏- -Xv. _m°n ap∏-tXmfw

]®-°-dn-Iƒ ip≤-P-e-Øn¬ IgpIn Cu¿∏w am‰n ipNn-bmbn kq£n-®p-h-bv°m-

sa-¶n¬ Itºm-f-Øn¬ \n∂p hmßp∂ ]®-°-dn-Isf am{Xw B{i-bn-°p-∂-h¿°v

hnjmw-isØ b-°msX Pohn-°mw. F∂m¬ kz¥-ambn ASp-°-f-tØm- -tam, sSdkv

Irjntbm sNøm≥ Xm¬]-cyhpw ka-bhpw kml-N-cy-ap-≈-h¿°v hnj-c-ln-X-

amb]®-°-dn-I-fn-eqsS Btcm-Ky-kp-c£ Dd-∏m-°m-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

KpW-\n-e-hm-c-Øn\v ˛

hnf-sh-Sp∏p apX¬ D]-t`mKw hsc]®-°dn DXv]m-Z-\-Øn¬ temIØv c≠mw ÿm\-Øp≈ C≥Uy ]®-°dn

DXv]m-Z-\-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Ah \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ Xs∂-bm-

Wv. hnØv \ v hnf-sh-Sp-°p∂Xp hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-f-hn¬ AXo-h-{i-≤bpw Pm{K-

Xbpw ]pe¿Øp∂ \ΩpsS I¿j-I¿, hnf-sh-Sp-∏n-\p-tijw D¬]-∂-ßƒ°v

bmsXmcp {i≤bpw ]cn-N-c-Whpw \¬Ip-∂n-√. CXp-aqew ]®-°dn DXv]m-Z-\-Øns‚

GI-tZiw 25 apX¬ 30 iX-am\w hsc \jvS-am-Ip-∂p. H∏w hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øp∂

]®-°-dn-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Ipd-bm-\p-an-S-bm-Ip-∂p.

[m\y-h¿K-ßsf At]-£n®v ]®-°-dn-Iƒ Ffp∏w tISm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ DXv]-

∂-ß-fm-Wv. Db¿∂ Af-hn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ Pemwiw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. IqSnb

hen∏w, arZphpw teme-hp-amb LS-\, AWp-Po-hn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w F∂n-h-

bmWv ]®-°-dn-Isf Ffp∏w \in-∏n-°p-∂- Imc-W-ßƒ. CXn\p ]pdta ]®-°-dn-

Iƒ A{i-≤-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xp-hgn Ah-bpsS \jvS-Øns‚ tXmXv IqSp-

∂-Xmbpw KpW-\n-e-hmcw Ipd-bp-∂-Xmbpw ImWp-∂p.

hnf-sh-Sp-Øp-I-gn-™m¬ DXv]∂w ]mt°-Pn-wKv, {Sm≥kvt]m¿´n-- wKv, kw`-c-

Ww, hn]-W\w F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ L´-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂mWv D]-t`m-‡m-hn-se-

Øp-∂-Xv. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-se√mw {i≤ ]pe¿Øn-bm¬ am{Xta hnf-sh-Sp-∏n\p

tij-ap≈ \jvSw Ipd®v KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ DXv]-∂-ßƒ hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-°m-

\m-Ip-I-bp≈q.


hnf-sh-Sp∏v

hnf-sh-Sp-°p∂ ka-bsØ aq∏v, hnf-sh-Sp-°p∂ ka-bw, coXn F∂n-h-sbms°

]®-°-dn-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hm-csØ _m[n-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.

ImbvI-fpsS aq∏v

IrXy-amb aqs∏-Øp∂ ka-bØv hnf-sh-Sp-Øm¬ am{Xta DXv]-∂-ßƒ°v

icn-bmb KpW-ta∑bp≠m-Ip-I-bp-≈q. aqs∏-Øp-∂-Xn\v apºv ]dn-s®-Sp-Øm¬ DXv]-

∂-ßƒ tISp-Iq-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-sa-¶nepw Ahbv°v KpW-ta-∑-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°n-√. AtX

kabw, aq∏v A[n-I-amb tijw ]dn-s®-Sp-°p∂ ]®-°-dn-Iƒ hfsc thKw tISp-

h∂v t]mIp-Ibpw sNøpw.

hn¬]-\-bpsS coXnbpw IqSn IW-°n-se-SpØpthWw hnf-sh-Sp-t°≠ aq∏v

IW-°m-t°-≠Xv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Zqsc-bp≈ ÿe-ß-fnte°v sIm≠p t]mIm≥,

X°m-fn-bpsS ]®-\ndw amdn a™ Bbn hcp∂ ka-bØv ]dn-s®-Sp-°-Ww. F∂m¬

ASpØ am¿°-‰n¬ hn¬]-\-bv°m-sW-¶n¬ Nph∂ \nd-amb ImbvIƒ thWw

]dn-s®-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. ]®-°-dn-I-fpsS LS-\-bv°-\p-k-cn®v Ah hnf-sh-Sp-t°≠ aq∏v

hyXym-k-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. sh≠-bn¬ ]q¿Æ hf¿®-sb-Øn-bXpw F∂m¬ hf¿®

ap‰n \mcp shbv°m-Ø-Xp-amb ImbvIƒ H∂n-S-hn´ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ ]dn-s®-Sp-°-Ww.

F∂m¬ aqØ-Xn\v tij-amWv IWn-sh-≈-cn-bpsS hnf-sh-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.


hnf-sh-Sp-t°≠ kabw

DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hm-csØ _m[n-°p∂ as‰mcp LS-I-amWv hnf-sh-

Sp-t°-≠p∂ ka-bw. ÿesØ N¥-bn¬ hn¬°m-\p≈ DXv]-∂-ßƒ AXXp

Znhkw cmhnse shbn-te¬°p-∂-Xn\v apºv hnf-sh-Sp-°-Ww. ImbvIƒ°v wKnbpw

Xq°-Iq-Sp-Xepw In´m≥ CXv klm-bn-°pw. F∂m¬ AI-se-bp≈ hn]-Wn-bn-te-

°m-sW-¶n¬, sshIp-t∂cw shbn¬ amdnb tijw hnf-sh-SpØv cm{Xn-Im-e-ß-

fn¬ h≠n-bn¬ sIm≠p t]mIp-∂-XmWv DNn-Xw.

hnf-sh-Sp-t°≠ coXn

hfsc {i≤-tbmsS, H´pw ]cp-t°¬°msX thWw DXv]-∂-ßƒ ]dn-s®-Sp-

t°-≠-Xv. hnf-sh-Sp∏v ka-bØv DXv]-∂-ß-fn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ apdn-hp-Iƒ ]n∂oSv AWp-

_m-[bv°pw IoS-_m-[bv°pw Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. ]®-°-dn-Iƒ IØn-sIm≠v apdn-s®-

Sp°p∂Xp hgn hnf-sh-Sp∏v ka-bsØ £X-ßƒ Ipd-bv°m-\m-Ipw.

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