pace local 6-0628 and tower automotive 5-15-06

8/8/2019 PACE Local 6-0628 and Tower Automotive 5-15-06

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pace-local-6-0628-and-tower-automotive-5-15-06 1/23

FGKG]NB DGKCN[C@J NJK L@JLCBCN[C@J \G]VCLG

Cj {eg Dn{{g} ̀ f {eg N}mc{}n{c`j mg{wggj O}cgvnjlg J`* >>>

O}cgvnj{ K`obn| E* M}c`bn{

QNLG B@LNB 6$16=5" Wjc`j"

njk

[@_G] NW[@D@[CVG" CJL"

L`dqnjs*

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP/

@QCJC@J @F [EG N]MC[]N[@]

Dns >7" =116

Nf{g} n Egn}cjo Egbk Nq}cb ><" =116

N{ {eg [`wg} N{`d`{cvg M|cjg|| Wjc{ cj Gbi{`j" Dcleconj

F`} {eg Wjc`j8

Dclengb N* Fb`}n

Cj{g}jn{c`jnb ]gq}g|gj{n{cvgW\_ B`lnb =$6=5

3=61 Kgnj ]`nkFgj{`j" DC ;5;<1

F`} {eg L`dnqjs8

Igjjg{e D* O`ji`

N{{`}jgs n{ Bnw[eg Knjcgb|`j O}`q" QL

773=> O}n{c`{ NvgjgLeg|{g}fcgbk" DC ;517>



=

C* [eg Qn}{cg| Njk [egc} Kc|qw{g

O}cgvnj{ wn| gdqb`sgk n| n f`}i$bcf{ k}cvg} n{ {eg Gbi{`j" Dcleconj

M|cjg|| Wjc{ `f [`wg} N{`d`{cvg" Cjl* %‒Gdqb`sg}— `} ‒L`dqnjs—#" weg}g

eg wn| }gq}g|gj{gk ms B`lnb J`* 6$16=5 `f {eg Qnqg}" Nbbcgk$Cjk|{}cnb"

Legdclnb njk Gjg}os _`}ig}| Cj{g}jn{c`jnb Wjc`j" NFB$LC@ LBL %‒Wjc`j—

`} ‒QNLG—#* [eg l`bbgl{cvg mn}oncjcjo no}ggdgj{ mg{wggj {eg qn}{cg| wn|

}glgcvgk n| HU > %‒LMN—#*

@j Hbs =5" =117" O}cgvnj{ |cojgk n V`bj{n}s Bns`ff f`}d q}`vckcjo8

C … _NCVG DS QBNJ[$_CKG \GJC@]C[S ]COE[\ F@] [EG

QW]Q@\G @F V@BWJ[G]CJO F@] BNS@FF @W[ @F [EG QBNJ[*_ECBG @J V@BWJ[N]S BNS@FF" C WJKG]\[NJK [EN[ C NB\@

_NCVG NBB MWDQCJO ]COE[\ [@ @[EG] LBN\\CFCLN[C@J\* LU <*

[eg}gnf{g} eg }glgcvgk n Bns @ff J`{clg kn{gk No|{ 6" =117 %LU ;#" wecle

kc}gl{gk ecd {` }g{}j {` w`}i ̀ j \gq{gdmg} 6" =117*

O}cgvnj{ {g|{cfcgk {en{ eg kck |`dg w`}i n}`jk ec| e`|g njk kgqn}{gk

f`} Dcleconj–| Wqqg} Qgjcj|bn %‒WQ—# nm`{ fcvg `–lb`li `j {eg nf{g}j``j `f

No|{ >1" =117" bgnvcjo ec| wcfg n{ e`dg* Wjmgij`wj|{ {` O}cgvnj{" gn}bcg}

{en{ |ndg nf{g}j``j" dnjnogdgj{ enk kglckgk {en{ f`}i$bcf{ k}cvg}| jggkgk {` mg

}glnbbgk gffgl{cvg No|{ >7" =117 %LU 7#* [eg Wjc`j wn| j`{cfcgk njk |cojgk

`ff `j {eg }glnbb %ck*#*

[eg L`dqnjs–| gff`}{| {` j`{cfs O}cgvnj{ `f {eg }glnbb mgonj n{ 78>? QD

`j No|{ >1{e %LU| ? & 5#* @j {eg fc}|{ n{{gdq{ {` }gnle ecd ms {gbgqe`jg n{



<

{eg lgbb$qe`jg jdmg} wecle eg enk ocvgj {eg L`dqnjs mnli cj =11< %LU >1#"

n fgdnbg nj|wg}gk" |nck eg wn|j–{ e`dg" njk ejo q* Nj cddgkcn{g f`bb`w$q

lnbb q}`klgk `jbs n enjo$q* N lnbb {eg jgu{ d`}jcjo q}`klgk `jbs fcvg }cjo|

f`bb`wgk ms n m|s |cojnb* N dg||nog f`} O}cgvnj{ nm`{ {eg }glnbb wn| bgf{ `j

nj nj|wg}cjo dnlecjg {en{ nf{g}j``j*

Cj nll`}knjlg wc{e {eg L`dqnjs–| ]glnbb L`j{nl{ Q}`lgk}g %LU 6#" {eg

L`dqnjs |gj{ O}cgvnj{ n bg{{g} kn{gk No|{ >>" =117" ms lg}{cfcgk dncb" wecle

|{n{gk8

[ec| c| {` nkvc|g s` {en{ s` envg mggj }glnbbgk mnli {` w`}i f`} =jk

|ecf{ n| n F`}i Bcf{ @qg}n{`} gffgl{cvg 5/>7/17*

Fncb}g {` }g|q`jk wc{ecj < kns| ̀ f }glgcq{ ̀ f {ec| bg{{g}" wcbb }g|b{ cj s`} {g}dcjn{c`j ̀ f gdqb`sdgj{* LU 3*

Kgbcvg}s ̀ f {eg bg{{g} wn| }g|{}cl{gk {` O}cgvnj{ ecd|gbf %ck*#*

Gff`}{| {` l`j{nl{ O}cgvnj{ ms {gbgqe`jg }g|dgk `j No|{ >5" =117"

wegj nj`{eg} dg||nog wn| bgf{ `j nj nj|wg}cjo dnlecjg %LU| ? & 5#* [w`

d`}g dg||nog| wg}g bgf{ {eg jgu{ kns* @j No|{ =1" n dnj nj|wg}gk {eg qe`jg

njk |{n{gk {en{ O}cgvnj{ kck j`{ bcvg n{ {eg jdmg} mgcjo lnbbgk* Wq`j f}{eg}

~g|{c`jcjo" {eg dnj nlij`wbgkogk {en{ {eg L`dqnjs–| dg||nog| f`} O}cgvnj{

enk mggj bgf{ `j {eg nj|wg}cjo dnlecjg* [en{ lnbb q}`klgk nj Cjlckgj{ ]gq`}{

%LU >6# njk dn}igk {eg gjk `f {eg L`dqnjs–| gff`}{| {` l`j{nl{ O}cgvnj{ ms

{gbgqe`jg*



;

Cj {eg dgnj{cdg" {eg Q`|{nb \g}vclg dnkg {e}gg j|llg||fb n{{gdq{| {`

kgbcvg} {eg L`dqnjs–| bg{{g} {` O}cgvnj{" `j No|{ >=" >?" njk =?" =117 %LU|

? & 3#" gnle {cdg bgnvcjo n Q\ F`}d <5;3" Kgbcvg}s J`{clg/]gdcjkg}/]glgcq{

%LU ><#* Nb{eòe O}cgvnj{ |qìg wc{e ec| wcfg ms {gbgqe`jg k}cjo ec|

nm|gjlg" eg {g|{cfcgk {en{ |eg kck j`{ {gbb ecd nm`{ {eg q`|{nb j`{clg|* [eg bg{{g}

wn| }g{}jgk {` {eg L`dqnjs `j No|{ <>" njk {eg L`dqnjs mgonj dgn|}cjo

{eg <$kns qg}c`k wc{ecj wecle O}cgvnj{ wn| |qq`|gk {` }gq`}{ mnli {` w`}i"

l`j{cjo {eg kns {eg bg{{g} wn| }g{}jgk n| {eg fc}|{ kns*

O}cgvnj{ f}{eg} {g|{cfcgk {en{ eg }g{}jgk e`dg [e}|kns gvgjcjo"

\gq{gdmg} >" =117* Ec| dncb wn| cj n qnlig{ nvncbnmbg f`} ecd" nb{eòe eg kck

j`{ cj|qgl{ c{ q`j ec| }g{}j* [eg jgu{ kns eg w`}igk" {gn}cjo k`wj n mcbkcjo

cj Mnk Nug" Dcleconj*> _ecbg eg njk ec| l}gw dgdmg}| wg}g n{ bjle" `jg `f

{eg L`dqnjs gdqb`sgg| we` enk n{{gdq{gk {` l`j{nl{ ecd nm`{ {eg }glnbb

lndg cj{` {eg }g|{n}nj{ njk gulenjogk qbgn|nj{}cg|" m{ |nck j`{ecjo nm`{ {eg

> F}`d e{{q8//|q`}{|*sne``*l`d/{`q/jgw|0|bo4kw$v`clgjndg|&q}`v4se``&{sqg4boj|" }gq`}{cjo `j [eg

Qg`qbg/| V`clg ]ckclb`| [`wj Jndg L`j{g|{8

Mnk Nug" Dcleconj* E`w l``b w`bk c{ mg {` mg nmbg {` |ns s` wg}g f}`d {ec| qbnlg0 Jndgk

wegj {eg f`jkg} f`jk nj `bk" w`}j k`wj nug cj {eg nmnjk`jgk ej{g}| lnmcj eg |g{{bgk {eg

{`wj n}`jk*

O}gn{ ckgn f`} n l`bdj*

Gk Owj{eg}

_cbb`woems" @ec ̀

C k`j/{ {ecji {eg {gnd| n{ Mnk Nug Ecoe \le``b %cf {eg}g c| `jg# |e`wbk envg n jclijndg* [egsk`j/{ jggk `jg* \cdqbs mgcjo Mnk Nug c| gj`woe*



7

gvgj{| n{ {eg L`dqnjs* O}cgvnj{–| {g|{cd`js `j {ec| q`cj{ wn| l`}}`m`}n{gk ms

n l}gw dgdmg}" we` ijgw {eg L`dqnjs gdqb`sgg njk {eg gdqb`sgg–| fndcbs*

@j \n{}kns gvgjcjo" \gq{gdmg} <" O}cgvnj{ fcjnbbs o`{ n}`jk {`

b``icjo n{ ec| dncb" wegj ec| kc|l`vg}gk {eg j`{clg| `f {eg Q`|{nb \g}vclg–|

n{{gdq{| {` kgbcvg}* Mgln|g c{ wn| {eg Bnm`} Kns wggigjk %\gq{gdmg} <$7"

=117" LMN A <<# njk O}cgvnj{ wn| kg {` }gq`}{ {` w`}i `j {eg f`bb`wcjo

[g|kns" eg kck j`{ecjo*

_egj O}cgvnj{ }gq`}{gk {` w`}i `j \gq{gdmg} 6" =117" ec| {cdg ln}k

wn| dc||cjo* _egj eg cj~c}gk nm`{ c{" eg wn| {`bk {` wnc{ cj nj `ffclg" weg}g

eg wn| dg{ ms n L`dqnjs `ffclcnb we` enjkgk ecd n \gqn}n{c`j J`{clg" kn{gk

{en{ kns" wecle }glc{gk8

‒KC\LEN]OGK—

< Kns| J` ]gq`}{‛fncb}g {` }g{}j wegj }glnbbgkNo|{ <>" =117 “ \gq{gdmg} > & =" =117

Kn{gk Ec}gk8 5$=;$3<

Bn|{ Kns _`}igk8 5$17$17 %VB@ 5$16$17#[g}dcjn{c`j8 3$1=$17 LU >>*

N Wjc`j ̀ ffclcnb wn| q}g|gj{ n{ {eg {cdg*

N o}cgvnjlg wn| fcbgk cddgkcn{gbs %HU =#* [eg gulenjog| wg}g {g}|g8

Wjc`j8 [eg Wjc`j c| kgdnjkcjo {en{ Gdqb`sgg mg }gcj|{n{gk njk dnkgwe`bg*

L`dqnjs8 Kc|len}og wn| q} q̀g} nl{c`j*

Wjc`j8 J` nj|wg} f}`d L`dqnjs*



6

L`dqnjs8 Kc|len}og c| q}`qg} njk h|{*

L`dqnjs8 Kc|len}og |{njk|*

Jgc{eg} qn}{s lc{gk njs q}`vc|c`j ̀ f {eg l`bbgl{cvg mn}oncjcjo no}ggdgj{*

[eg Wjc`j kgdnjkgk n}mc{}n{c`j* [eg LMN lnbb| f`} n }`{n{cjo qnjgb `f

n}mc{}n{`}| le`|gj ms {eg qn}{cg| njjnbbs f}`d n bc|{ q}gqn}gk ms {eg Fgkg}nb

Dgkcn{c`j njk L`jlcbcn{c`j \g}vclg %N}{ CV" ¯ 7*L#* N egn}cjo wn| egbk `j

Nq}cb ><" =116" n{ {eg L`dqnjs–| Gbi{`j M|cjg|| Wjc{* [eg qn}{cg| wg}g

|icbbfbbs }gq}g|gj{gk ms nogj{| we` wg}g wgbb q}gqn}gk njk }gf}g|ecjobs

l``qg}n{cvg* M}cgf| wg}g dncbgk ms Dns >=" =116" njk {ec| kglc|c`j c| }gjkg}gk

wc{ecj {eg {ec}{s %<1# kns| }g~c}gk ms {eg LMN %ck*#*

CC* Nqqbclnmbg Q}`vc|c`j| @f [eg L`bbgl{cvg Mn}oncjcjo No}ggdgj{

N}{ CV‛O}cgvnjlg Q}`lgk}g" ̄ 7*L q}`vckg| cj qg}{cjgj{ qn}{8

[eg N}mc{}n{`} |enbb envg j` q`wg} {` nkk {` `} {` |m{}nl{ f}`d" {`

kc|}gon}k `} {` d`kcfs njs {g}d| `f {ec| No}ggdgj{* [eg kglc|c`j `f {egn}mc{}n{`} |enbb mg fcjnb njk mcjkcjo q`j nbb qn}{cg|* [eg n}mc{}n{`} |enbb

}gjkg} ec| `} eg} kglc|c`j wc{ecj {ec}{s %<1# kns| `f {eg lb`|g `f |leegn}cjo* [eg guqgj|g njk |nbn}s cjlckgj{ {` {eg |g}vclg| `f {eg n}mc{}n{`}

f`} nbb ln|g| k}cjo {eg bcfg `f {ec| No}ggdgj{ |enbb mg m`}jg ms {eg b`|cjo qn}{s* \le qn}{s {` mg kg|cojn{gk ms {eg N}mc{}n{`}*

N}{ CV‛O}cgvnjlg Q}`lgk}g" ̄ 6*N q}`vckg| cj qg}{cjgj{ qn}{8

C{ c| cdq`}{nj{ {en{ l`dqbncj{| }gon}kcjo jh|{ `} kc|l}cdcjn{`}s bns`ff|`} kc|len}og| mg enjkbgk q}`dq{bs nll`}kcjo {` {eg o}cgvnjlg q}`lgk}g*

… Cf {eg gdqb`sgg c| f`jk {` envg mggj jh|{bs kgnb{ wc{e" eg `} |egwcbb mg }g{}jgk {` w`}i ms {eg L`dqnjs wc{e fbb qns f`} nbb {cdg b`|{*

N}{ V‛\gjc`}c{s" ̄ <*G q}`vckg|8



?

V@BWJ[N]S BNS@FF “ _egj {eg L`dqnjs kgl}gn|g| {eg w`}i f`}lg wc{ecj n lbn||cfcln{c`j cj nll`}knjlg wc{e {eg q}`vc|c`j| `f N}{clbg

V*" \gl{c`j ;*N* & L* Y|clT" |gjc`} gdqb`sgg%|# wc{ecj {en{ lbn||cfcln{c`jdns kg|c}g {` v`bj{gg} f`} bns`ff" {e| q}`vckcjo hjc`} gdqb`sgg%|# cj

{en{ lbn||cfcln{c`j" cj {g}d| `f qbnj{$wckg |gjc`}c{s" {eg `qq`}{jc{s {`w`}i wecbg {eg |gjc`} gdqb`sgg c| bnck `ff `{ `f {eg Qbnj{* [eg

‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— q}`vc|c`j |enbb mg nvncbnmbg {` nj gdqb`sgg q {` {`w

Y|clT %=# {cdg| qg} l`j{}nl{ sgn}* Cj `}kg} {` q}`vckg f`} {eg nkdcjc|{}n{c`j

`f {eg ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— q}`vc|c`j" {eg f`bb`wcjo |enbb nqqbs8

>* Cj {eg gvgj{ {en{ nj gdqb`sgg%|# kg|c}g n ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff—" {egs|enbb l`dqbg{g n ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— f`}d njk |mdc{ c{ {` {eg

L`dqnjs* L`dqbg{c`j `f {eg f`}d" njk fcbgk wc{e {eg L`dqnjs" ms {eg gdqb`sgg%|# |enbb mg nj nlij`wbgkogdgj{ ms {eg

gdqb`sgg%|# `f {egc} kg|c}g {` wncvg} {egc} qbnj{$wckg |gjc`}c{s}coe{| njk mg bnck `ff `{ `f {eg Qbnj{* [eg gdqb`sgg%|# wcbb mg

ocvgj n l`qs ̀ f {eg ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff—*

=* Cj `}kg} f`} gdqb`sgg%|# ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— {` mg vnbck" {eg

gdqb`sgg%|# l`dqbg{gk f`}d d|{ mg `j fcbg wc{e {eg L`dqnjsfcvg %7# w`}i kns| q}c`} {` nbb Bns`ff| wc{ecj n lbn||cfcln{c`j*

<* @jlg {eg L`dqnjs en| }glgcvgk njk fcbgk gdqb`sgg%|# ‒V`bj{n}s

Bns`ff—" c{ |enbb mgl`dg njk }gdncj qg}dnjgj{ njk mcjkcjo q`j{eg gdqb`sgg njk {eg L`dqnjs j{cb {eg gdqb`sgg%|# }g~g|{ c{ mg

}gd`vgk" ms gdqb`sgg%|# |cojn{}g njk kn{g* ]g~g|{ f`} }gd`vnbf}`d ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— d|{ mg `j fcbg n{ {eg Ednj ]g|`}lg|

\qq`}{ @ffclg n{ bgn|{ fcvg %7# w`}i kns| mgf`}g c{ c| vnbck*

;* Wq`j q}`lg||cjo n bns`ff" {eg L`dqnjs wcbb bns `ff {eg d`|{|gjc`} gdqb`sgg%|# wc{ecj {eg }g|qgl{cvg lbn||cfcln{c`j … cj {g}d|`f {egc} Qbnj{$wckg ̀ } Kgqn}{dgj{ |gjc`}c{s" we` envg |mdc{{gk {`

{eg L`dqnjs" n ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff—* Cj {eg gvgj{ {eg}g n}g j`

‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff|— `j fcbg f`} n lbn||cfcln{c`j" {eg L`dqnjs wcbbbns `ff {eg bgn|{ |gjc`} gdqb`sgg%|# wc{ecj {eg }g|qgl{cvglbn||cfcln{c`j|%|# nll`}kcjo {` {egc} Qbnj{$wckg `} Kgqn}{dgj{nb

|gjc`}c{s*

7* Gdqb`sgg| wcbb mg `j V`bj{n}s Bns$`ff f`} q {` {ec}{s %<1#lnbgjkn} kns|" |{n}{cjo wc{e {eg kns f`bb`wcjo |le bns$`ff*



5

Gdqb`sgg| bns`ff j`{clg| wcbb envg {eg kn{g `j wecle {eggdqb`sgg c| }g~c}gk {` }g{}j {` w`}i" njk {eg L`dqnjs c| j`{

`mbcon{gk {` j`{cfs gdqb`sgg| `{eg} {enj n{ {eg {cdg `f v`bj{n}sbns`ff n| cjkcln{gk `j {eg bns`ff j`{clg|* Gdqb`sgg| j̀ { }g{}jcjo

{` w`}i wcbb mg enjkbgk jkg} \gl* 5* N* ;*

6* N{ |le {cdg n| {eg L`dqnjs }glnbb| nbb `f {eg gdqb`sgg| `jbns`ff" wc{ecj n lbn||cfcln{c`j" {e`|g gdqb`sgg| we` n}g bnck `ff ̀ {

`f bcjg wc{e {egc} |gjc`}c{s wcbb mg }g~c}gk {` }g{}j {` w`}i*

?* [e`|g lbn||cfcln{c`j| {en{ n}g bnck `ff `{eg} {enj ms qbnj{$wckg|gjc`}c{s" |enbb mg cjlbkgk wc{e {e`|g gdqb`sgg%|# we` kg|c}g {`

fcbg wc{e {eg L`dqnjs n ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff—*

5* [eg L`dqnjs wcbb j`{ kgjs njs gdqb`sgg%|# }coe{ {`jgdqb`sdgj{ l`dqgj|n{c`j mgln|g ̀ f {eg ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff—*

3* Gdqb`sgg| }g{}jcjo f}`d ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— wcbb }g{}j {` {eg|ecf{ f}`d weg}g {egs kgqn}{gk*

>1* Gdqb`sgg| `j ‒V`bj{n}s Bns`ff— wncvg nbb mdqcjo }coe{| {`

`{eg} lbn||cfcln{c`j|*

>>* _egj nj gdqb`sgg `f v`bj{n}s bns$`ff |{n{| %n# |coj| ec|/eg} jndg {` mg l`j|ckg}gk f`} n mck q`|c{c`j NJK %m# q`||g||g|

|gjc`}c{s qbnlcjo {en{ gdqb`sgg cj bcjg {` mg n|igk {` {}s `{ f`} {eg mck q`|c{c`j" {eg l`dqnjs wcbb dnig n ―}gn|`jnmbg n{{gdq{ {`

l`j{nl{– {en{ gdqb`sgg* ―]gn|`jnmbg n{{gdq{ {` l`j{nl{– c| kgfcjgkn| lnbbcjo {eg gdqb`sgg–| bn|{ ij`wj {gbgqe`jg jdmg} f`} n

qg}c`k `f j` d`}g {enj {e}gg %<# w`}icjo kns| {` j`{cfs {eggdqb`sgg `f {egc} `qq`}{jc{s {` {}s$`{* Cf {eg gdqb`sgg lnjj`{

mg }gnlegk ms {gbgqe`jg ms {eg lb`|g `f m|cjg|| `j {eg {ec}k

w`}icjo kns" {eg gdqb`sgg–| jndg wcbb mg wc{ek}nwj* [eg

l`dqnjs wcbb {egj q}`lggk {` {eg jgu{ gbcocmbg jndg `j {eg mckbc|{*

N}{ V‛\gjc`}c{s" ̄ 5 q}`vckg| cj qg}{cjgj{ qn}{8

N* Nj gdqb`sgg |enbb b`|g |gjc`}c{s f`} {eg f`bb`wcjo }gn|`j|8



3

=* Nj gdqb`sgg c| kc|len}ogk f`} h|{ ln|g*

;* Nj gdqb`sgg fncb| {` }gq`}{ f`} w`}i f`} {e}gg %<# l`j|gl{cvg w`}icjokns| wegj }glnbbgk ms {eg L`dqnjs ms {gbgqe`jg" dg||gjog}" }goc|{g}gk

dncb" q}`vckgk" e`wgvg}" {en{ j` gdqb`sgg |enbb b`|g |gjc`}c{s cf fncb}g{` }gq`}{ {` w`}i c| ln|gk ms |clijg|| `} nllckgj{ njk {eg L`dqnjs

Ednj ]g|`}lg| @ffclg `} gdqb`sgg–| N}gn Bgnkg} c| j`{cfcgk wc{ecj{e}gg %<# l`j|gl{cvg w`}icjo kns| ̀ f {ec| l`jkc{c`j*

M* Gdqb`sgg| d|{ j`{cfs {eg L`dqnjs `f {egc} q}`qg} jndg" q`|{ `ffclg

nkk}g||" ̀ } lenjog ̀ f jndg ̀ } nkk}g||* [eg L`dqnjs cj {}j wcbb f`}wn}k|le cjf`}dn{c`j {` {eg Wjc`j* [eg L`dqnjs wcbb }gbs q`j {eg bn|{

jndg njk nkk}g|| |mdc{{gk {` c{ ms nj gdqb`sgg* C{ c| {eg }g|q`j|cmcbc{s`f {eg gdqb`sgg {` j`{cfs Gbi{`j M|cjg|| Wjc{ Ednj ]g|`}lg| `f `jg

%># l`j{nl{ {gbgqe`jg jdmg}*

N}{ VC‛E`}| Njk _nog|" ̄ =*L q}`vckg|8

J` lbncd| f`} mnli wnog| |enbb gulggk {eg nd`j{ `f wnog| {eg

gdqb`sgg w`bk `{eg}wc|g envg gn}jgk n{ ec| `} eg} }gobn} }n{g `f qnsbg|| njs jgdqb`sdgj{ l`dqgj|n{c`j eg `} |eg dns envg }glgcvgk

k}cjo {eg qg}c`k cj ~g|{c`j*

N}{ CU‛Ogjg}nb" ̄ ¯ <*N & M q}`vckg8

N* [eg Wjc`j }gl`ojcxg| {eg }coe{ `f {eg L`dqnjs {` dnjnog c{| m|cjg|| njk {` kc}gl{ njk |qg}vc|g {eg w`}i f`}lg {` dgg{ c{| `qg}n{c`jnb

}g~c}gdgj{|" njk {` l`jkl{ c{| `qg}n{c`j| cj n |nfg njk gffgl{cvgdnjjg}* C{ f}{eg} }gl`ojcxg| {en{ c{ c| {eg }g|q`j|cmcbc{s `f {eg L`dqnjs

{` dncj{ncj `}kg}" kc|lcqbcjg" njk gffclcgjls cj c{| qbnj{" {` ec}ggdqb`sgg|" njk {` kc|lcqbcjg njk kc|len}og gdqb`sgg| f`} h|{ ln|g*

M* [eg|g }coe{| n}g |mhgl{ {` {eg q}`vc|c`j| `f {eg No}ggdgj{*

CCC* [eg Q |̀c{c`j| @f [eg Qn}{cg|

[eg Wjc`j lbncd| {en{ O}cgvnj{ en| mggj `j v`bj{n}s bns`ff| mgf`}g njk

jgvg} en| mggj lnbbgk mnli gn}bs* Eg kck j`{ envg nl{nb ij`wbgkog `f {eg



>1

}glnbb* [eg L`dqnjs dnkg j` gff`}{ {` |gjk n dg||gjog} {` ec| e`|g" n|

kg|l}cmgk cj {eg LMN* Nb{eòe O}cgvnj{ dns j`{ envg igq{ {eg L`dqnjs

cjf`}dgk `f ec| l`}}gl{ qe`jg jdmg}" {eg L`dqnjs enk nj gdg}ogjls l`j{nl{

{e}òe we`d O}cgvnj{ l`bk envg mggj }gnlegk*

[eg L`dqnjs gdqb`sgg we` wn| cjv`bvgk cj {eg gff`}{ {` j`{cfs

O}cgvnj{ |e`bk envg {`bk ecd nm`{ {eg }glnbb wegj {eg gdqb`sgg gjl`j{g}gk

O}cgvnj{ cj {eg }g|{n}nj{ `j \gq{gdmg} =" =117* Enk {eg gdqb`sgg k`jg |`"

O}cgvnj{ w`bk envg }g{}jgk {` w`}i {cdgbs* Cj {eg nm|gjlg `f l`j{g}vncbcjo

cjf`}dn{c`j" O}cgvnj{ h|{cfcnmbs }gbcgk `j {eg }g{}j kn{g |qglcfcgk ms {eg

L`dqnjs cj {eg bns`ff j`{clg njk cj fnl{ }g{}jgk {` w`}i ms {en{ kn{g* Wjkg}

{eg|g lc}ld|{njlg|" O}cgvnj{–| kc|len}og wn| jh|{" njk eg |e`bk mg

}gcj|{n{gk wc{e |gjc`}c{s" mnli qns njk mgjgfc{|*

[eg L`dqnjs l`j{g}| {en{ {eg fnb{ bcg| |`bgbs wc{e O}cgvnj{ f`} j`{

q}`vckcjo c{ wc{e n l}}gj{ qe`jg jdmg}" n| guq}g||bs }g~c}gk ms {eg LMN*

Enk O}cgvnj{ cjf`}dgk {eg L`dqnjs weg}g eg l`bk mg l`j{nl{gk cj {eg WQ"

{eg L`dqnjs w`bk envg l`j{nl{gk ecd {eg}g* [eg L`dqnjs wgj{ ms {eg }glnbb

m`ì njk {}gn{gk O}cgvnj{ h|{ bcig c{ k`g| `{eg} gdqb`sgg|* C{ w`bk envg mggj

kc|l}cdcjn{`}s {` o` {e}òe ec| gdg}ogjls l`j{nl{" |cjlg {eg L`dqnjs k`g|

j`{ k` {en{ f`} `{eg} gdqb`sgg|* [eg |c{n{c`j c| lbgn}bs o`vg}jgk ms guq}g||

q}`vc|c`j| ̀ f {eg LMN" wecle lnbb f`} kc|len}og*



>>

CV* Kc|lw||c`j

[ec| c| n kcffclb{ ln|g f`} {eg n}mc{}n{`}" mgln|g jgc{eg} qn}{s c|

mbndgbg||* C{ c| dnkg d`}g kcffclb{ mgln|g `f n bnli `f |qglcfclc{s cj {eg

l`j{}nl{ q}`vc|c`j|* [eg Wjc`j l`ddgj{| ̀ j {ec| bn{{g} q`cj{ cj c{| M}cgf A 78

[eg fnl{ {en{ K`o fncbgk {` lenjog ec| qe`jg jdmg} c| j`{ ms c{|gbf ln|g f`} {g}dcjn{c`j* [eg l`j{}nl{ k`g| j`{ |qglcfclnbbs bns `w{ njs

qgjnb{s f`} fncbcjo {` wqkn{g l`j{nl{ cjf`}dn{c`j* %Gdqen|c| |qqbcgk*#

[e| {eg n}mc{}n{`} c| fnlgk wc{e {eg {n|i `f wgcoecjo {eg g~c{cg| cj n ln|g cj

wecle nbb `f {eg kg{ncb| n}g j`{ |qgbbgk `{ cj {eg bnm`} no}ggdgj{*

Cj }gnlecjo n kglc|c`j cj {ec| ln|g" {eg n}mc{}n{`} }gbcg| egnvcbs q`j ec|

}gn|`jcjo cj n q}gvc`| ln|g cj wecle dnjs `f {eg c||g| qg}{cjgj{ eg}g wg}g

nkk}g||gk* Wjf`}{jn{gbs {eg `qcjc`j cj {en{ ln|g wn| j`{ qmbc|egk n{ {eg

}g~g|{ `f n qn}{s" q}g|dnmbs mgln|g `f {eg dnjs dc||{gq| }glc{gk cj {eg

`qcjc`j* [` }g|qgl{ {eg }g~g|{ f`} q}cvnls" {eg ln|g c| }gfg}gjlgk n| Wjc`j U

njk Gdqb`sg} S " `} |cdqbs U njk S 9 n }gknl{gk l`qs en| mggj f}jc|egk {` {eg

qn}{cg| cj {eg cj|{nj{ ln|g* [eg qg}{cjgj{ fnl{| wg}g n| f`bb`w|8

CV*N* [eg Ln|g @f Wjc`j U njk Gdqb`sg} S

Nj gdqb`sgg wn| ||qgjkgk {gdq`}n}cbs qgjkcjo nj cjvg|{con{c`j cj{`

ec| q`||cmbg dc|l`jkl{* _egj {eg gdqb`sg} |`oe{ {` l`j{g}dnjk c{| nl{c`j"

c{ enk o}gn{ kcffclb{s l`j{nl{cjo {eg gdqb`sgg" we` enk bgf{ {`wj* F`bb`wcjo

jdg}`| j|llg||fb n{{gdq{| {` }gnle {eg gdqb`sgg ms {gbgqe`jg" {eg



>=

gdqb`sg} |gj{ ecd n lg}{cfcgk bg{{g}" |{n{cjo cj qg}{cjgj{ qn}{8

S`} Kgqn}{dgj{ Dnjnogdgj{ en| dnkg db{cqbg n{{gdq{| {` l`j{nl{s` f`} n kc|l||c`j }gon}kcjo s`} }g{}j {` w`}i* [` kn{g s` envg j`{

}gqbcgk*

_c{e {ec| bg{{g} C nd qbnlcjo s` `j j`{clg {` dnig nj nqq`cj{dgj{ wc{edg wc{ecj {e}gg %<# kns| `f kgbcvg}s `f {ec| bg{{g} * [eg q}q`|g `f {ec|

nqq`cj{dgj{ c| {` kc|l|| s`} gdqb`sdgj{ |{n{|* Cf s` k` j`{ dnignjk iggq nj nqq`cj{dgj{ wc{e dg" wc{ecj {e}gg kns|" s`} gdqb`sdgj{

wcbb mg {g}dcjn{gk* %Gdqen|c| |qqbcgk*#

C{ wn| jkc|q{gk {en{" nb{e`oe j`{clg| `f kgbcvg}s n{{gdq{| wg}g bgf{ n{ {eg

gdqb`sgg–| }g|ckgjlg ms {eg Q`|{nb \g}vclg" {eg bg{{g} wn| j`{ cj fnl{ kgbcvg}gk

m{ wn| }g{}jgk {` {eg gdqb`sg}*

[eg gdqb`sg} kgfgjkgk `j {eg mn|c| {en{ {eg gdqb`sgg enk fncbgk {`

q}`vckg c{ wc{e ec| l}}gj{ qe`jg jdmg} njk {en{ c{| jdg}`| n{{gdq{| {`

l`j{nl{ ecd `} bgnvg n dg||nog `j ec| nj|wg}cjo dnlecjg wg}g j|llg||fb

|`bgbs f`} {en{ }gn|`j* [eg gdqb`sg} nb|` cj{g}q`|gk c{| o``k$fnc{e gff`}{| {`

l`j{nl{ ecd ms lg}{cfcgk dncb*

[eg n}mc{}n{`} nkk}g||gk {eg|g kgfgj|g| n| f`bb`w|8

[eg Ygdqb`sg}T" `f l`}|g" l`j{gjk| {en{ c{ wn| jnmbg {` l`j{nl{ Y{eggdqb`sggT {e}`oe j` fnb{ `f c{| `wj* E`wgvg}" {eg Ygdqb`sg}T en| enk

ec| qe`jg jdmg} cj c{| }gl`}k| f`} sgn}|" nbmgc{ cj c{| dgkclnb

kgqn}{dgj{* Nj gdqb`sgg–| {gbgqe`jg jdmg} c| j`{ qn}{ `f ec| q}`{gl{gkFDBN YFndcbs njk Dgkclnb Bgnvg Nl{T dgkclnb }gl`}k|9 c*g*" j`{ qn}{ `f ec| ‒dgkclnb lg}{cfcln{c`j|" }glg}{cfcln{c`j| `} dgkclnb ec|{`}cg|— wc{ecj

{eg dgnjcjo `f =3 LF] ¯ 5=7*711%o#* D`}g`vg}" Y{eg gdqb`sgg–|TFDBN [}nlicjo F`}d …" `j wecle {en{ jdmg} lbgn}bs nqqgn}|"

l`j{ncj| j` dgkclnb cjf`}dn{c`j en{|`gvg} * Nbb njs |qg}vc|`} `} {egYGdqb`sg}T @ffclg} enk {` k` wn| lnbb dgkclnb njk og{ {eg jdmg}* …



><

%Gdqen|c| cj ̀ }cocjnb*#

[eg Ygdqb`sg}T dnig| dle `f c{| gff`}{| {` l`j{nl{ Y{eg gdqb`sggT mslg}{cfcgk dncb njk k}nw| cjfg}gjlg| f}`d j`{n{c`j| `j {eg }g{}jgk

gjvgb`qg" wecle n}g mg{{g} len}nl{g}cxgk n| dg}g |qq`|c{c`j|* … [egn}mc{}n{`} }g|qgl{fbbs kglbcjg| {` k}nw cjfg}gjlg| f}`d {eg }g{}jgk

gjvgb`qg mgln|g j` wc{jg|| enk njs qg}|`jnb ij`wbgkog `f c{| enjkbcjo*[eg cdq`}{nj{ q`cj{ c| {en{ c{ jgvg} wn| kgbcvg}gk" njk {eg bg{{g} cj|ckgguq}g||bs l`jkc{c`jgk Y{eg gdqb`sgg–|T }g|q`j|cmcbc{s {` l`j{nl{ {eg

Ygdqb`sg}T wq`j nl{wnb kgbcvg}s* %Gdqen|c| |qqbcgk*#

[eg Ygdqb`sg}T dcoe{ envg enk n |{}`jog} ln|g enk c{ |gj{ m`{e n lg}{cfcgk

bg{{g} njk n l`qs ms fc}|{ lbn|| dncb" `} |gj{ {eg bg{{g} ms fc}|{ lbn|| dncbnjk }g~g|{gk l`jfc}dn{c`j `f kgbcvg}s* Enk {eg Ygdqb`sg}T k`jg |` …"

Y{eg gdqb`sggT dcoe{ envg }glgcvgk {eg bg{{g} wegj eg }g{}jgk e`dg {egjgu{ kns* \gjkcjo c{ ms lg}{cfcgk dncb nb`jg |g}vgk `jbs {` kgbns

l`ddjcln{c`j jkg} lc}ld|{njlg| cj wecle {eg Ygdqb`sg}T enk |`dg

}gn|`j {` mgbcgvg {en{ Y{eg gdqb`sggT dcoe{ j`{ mg {eg}g {` |coj f`} lg}{cfcgk dncb* Cj njs gvgj{" Y{eg gdqb`sggT jgvg} }glgcvgk {eg bg{{g}" njk

{en{ c| {eg ̀ qg}n{cvg fnl{ cj {ec| n}mc{}n{c`j*

_ecbg dcjkfb `f {eg nknog {en{ ‒YnT f``bc|e l`j|c|{gjls c| {eg e`mo`mbcj

`f bc{{bg dcjk|—= njk {en{ ‒mgcjo l`j|c|{gj{bs w}`jo lnj en}kbs mg |njl{c`jgk n|

}coe{"—< {eg n}mc{}n{`} mgbcgvg| {en{ }n{c`jnb l`j|c|{gjls c| nj cdq`}{nj{ n|qgl{ `f

{eg cj{go}c{s `f n}mc{}n{c`j* _c{e`{ c{" n}mc{}n{c`j c| n l}nq |e``{* _c{e c{" {eg

q}`lg|| c| |`dgwen{ q}gkcl{nmbg* [eg}gf`}g" {eg n}mc{}n{`} |{}cvg| {` nlecgvg n

}n{c`jnb l`j|c|{gjls cj {ec| njk {eg U njk S ln|g*

CV*M* [eg L`dqnjs–| Bg{{g}

N| cj U njk S " O}cgvnj{–| {g}dcjn{c`j guq}g||bs wn| l`jkc{c`jgk q`j

ec| nl{nb }glgcq{ ̀ f {eg L`dqnjs–| bg{{g}8

= ]nbqe _nbk` Gdg}|`j" \gbf$]gbcnjlg < Kgjjn}k v ]clen}k| O}`wq" Cjl" 65> F=k <16" <>59 < GML >?63" >??3 %LN 7" >35=#



>;

Fncb}g {` }g|q`jk wc{ecj < kns| `f }glgcq{ `f {ec| bg{{g} " wcbb }g|b{ cj s`} {g}dcjn{c`j `f gdqb`sdgj{* LU 39 gdqen|c| |qqbcgk*

Nb|` n| cj U njk S " c{ c| jkc|q{gk {en{ O}cgvnj{ kck j`{ }glgcvg {eg bg{{g}*

L`j|c|{gjls }g~c}g| {en{ |cdcbn} kglc|c`j| mg }gjkg}gk cj m`{e ln|g|*

Eg}g" O}cgvnj{–| fncb}g {` }glgcvg {eg bg{{g} lnj mg n{{}cm{gk {` {eg

L`dqnjs–| jcbn{g}nb kglc|c`j {` }g|{}cl{ kgbcvg}s {` O}cgvnj{ ecd|gbf" n| `jbs

}goc|{g}gk dncb c| dgj{c`jgk cj {eg LMN" wecle |ns| j`{ecjo nm`{ }g|{}cl{gk

kgbcvg}s* [eg L`dqnjs–| `wj ]glnbb L`j{nl{ Q}`lgk}g %LU 6# bcigwc|g lnbb|

`jbs f`} lg}{cfcgk dncb m{ j`{ f`} }g|{}cl{gk kgbcvg}s* _ecbg {eg n}mc{}n{`} no}gg|

wc{e N}mc{}n{`} _nb{ cj {eg Q}gkglg||`} Ln|g" cjf}n" {en{ {eg}g c| j` |m|{nj{cvg

kc|{cjl{c`j mg{wggj }goc|{g}gk njk lg}{cfcgk dncb f`} q}q`|g| `f l`dqbcnjlg

wc{e {eg l`j{}nl{" }g|{}cl{cjo kgbcvg}s {` {eg nkk}g||gg nb`jg dnig| n |cojcfclnj{

kcffg}gjlg cj {eg bcigbce``k {en{ eg wcbb mg {cdgbs j`{cfcgk `f n }glnbb* Mgln|g `f

{eg guqbclc{ }g|{}cl{c`j `j kgbcvg}s" {eg Q`|{nb \g}vclg wn| j`{ n{e`}cxgk {`

kgbcvg} {eg bg{{g} {` O}cgvnj{–| wcfg" we` cj {}j l`bk j`{ nllgq{ kgbcvg}s f`}

ecd*

[eg L`dqnjs–| bgjo{es m}cgf c| l`j|qcl`|bs |cbgj{ `j {ec| qcv`{nb

q`cj{* [e`oe {eg L`dqnjs cj c{| M}cgf A 3 lc{g| \{}`e M}gg}s L`" 3= BN 3<1

%Mg}~c|{ N}m >353#" c{ fncb| {` j`{g {eg nqqbclnmbg l`j{}nl{nb bnjonog f}`d

{en{ ln|g" wecle guq}g||bs nkk}g||g| {eg c||g q}g|gj{gk eg}g8

J`{clg `f }glnbb |enbb mg ocvgj ms kc}gl{ l`j{nl{" {gbgo}nd" `} ms



>7

}goc|{g}gk dncb %}g{}j }glgcq{ f}`d nkk}g||gg `jbs# {` {eg gdqb`sgg| bn|{ij`wj nkk}g||* Ck * A 3<19 gdqen|c| |qqbcgk*

[eg l`j{}nl{ cj {eg cj|{nj{ ln|g l`j{ncj| j` |le bnjonog* C}`jclnbbs" h|{ n| cj

U njk S " {eg L`dqnjs l`bk envg fcjg||gk {eg c||g |cdqbs ms |gjkcjo n l`qs

`f {eg bg{{g} ms }gobn} dncb n{ n l`|{ `f `jbs <?¢*

[eg L`dqnjs |ggi| {` ln|{ ||qclc`j" cf j`{ mbndg" `j O}cgvnj{–| wcfg"

wc{e }gon}k {` {eg bg{{g} %L`dqnjs M}cgf A =1#* [eg kcffclb{s wc{e {ec| {nl{cl c|

{en{ c{ bnli| gvckgj{cn}s |qq`}{* Nb{e`oe n mbnji q`|{nb j`{clg wn| cj{}`klgk

%LU ><# njk nb{e`oe {eg f`}d k`g| envg n mb`li f`} \gjkg}–| Jndg" {eg nl{nb

j`{clg| wg}g j`{ cj{}`klgk" njk {eg}g wn| j` gvckgjlg {en{ {eg L`dqnjs–|

jndg nqqgn}gk `j {eg j`{clg| bgf{ wc{e {eg wcfg*

D`}g`vg}" gvgj cf {eg wcfg |nw {eg nl{nb L`dqnjs gjvgb`qg %LU 3#"

{eg}g c| nm|`b{gbs j`{ecjo `j c{ {` |oog|{ njs |gj|g `f }ogjls }gon}kcjo c{|

l`j{gj{|* C{ wn| j`{ dn}igk ‒}glnbb j`{clg—" ‒}ogj{—" ‒cddgkcn{g nl{c`j

}g~c}gk—" `} cj njs `{eg} wns {` cjkcln{g {en{ {eg bg{{g} wn| {cdg$|gj|c{cvg*

O}cgvnj{ q}gvc`|bs enk {nigj n jdmg} `f v`bj{n}s bns`ff| njk jgvg} enk

mggj }glnbbgk* [eg}g n}g dnjs }gn|`j| `{eg} {enj }glnbb wes nj gdqb`sg} dcoe{

|gjk nj gdqb`sgg n lg}{cfcgk bg{{g} {en{ c| j`{ {cdg$|gj|c{cvg9 g*o*" nj cdq`}{nj{

bg{{g} cjf`}dcjo nj gdqb`sgg `f vg|{gk qgj|c`j mgjgfc{|* [e|" {eg}g c|

cj|ffclcgj{ gvckgjlg {` qbnlg njs mbndg `j O}cgvnj{–| wcfg" we` wn| j`{ lnbbgk

n| n wc{jg|| ms gc{eg} qn}{s*



>6

E`wgvg}" {eg n}mc{}n{`} k`g| no}gg wc{e {eg L`dqnjs" {en{ O}cgvnj{–|

{g|{cd`js nm`{ ec| wcfg–| }`bg wn| ||qclc`| %L`dqnjs M}cgf A =1#* O}cgvnj{

cjc{cnbbs {g|{cfcgk {en{ ec| wcfg wgj{ q j`}{e wc{e ecd" m{ nf{g} n m}gni cj {eg

egn}cjo" eg }glnj{gk njk {g|{cfcgk {en{ |eg }gdncjgk n{ e`dg {eg we`bg {cdg*

Bcig {eg L`dqnjs" {eg n}mc{}n{`} k}nw| jgon{cvg cjfg}gjlg| f}`d O}cgvnj{–|

qg}f`}dnjlg ̀ j {eg wc{jg|| |{njk njk fnl{`}| c{ cj{` {eg }gdgks*

Nb{e`oe c{ c| jkc|q{gk {en{ O}cgvnj{ ecd|gbf vc`bn{gk {eg LMN ms

fncbcjo {` f}jc|e {eg L`dqnjs wc{e n l}}gj{ qe`jg jdmg}" {eg L`dqnjs enk

nj gdg}ogjls l`j{nl{ jdmg} f`} ecd" {e}`oe wecle eg dcoe{ envg mggj

}gnlegk* N| cj U njk S " {eg L`dqnjs–| }n{c`jnbg f`} j`{ |cjo nbb nvncbnmbg

cjf`}dn{c`j cj c{| gff`}{| {` l`j{nl{ O}cgvnj{ mgf`}g fc}cjo ecd |cdqbs k`g| j`{

wc{e|{njk |l}{cjs* N{ {eg vg}s bgn|{" {eg |c{n{c`j l`j|{c{{gk n fcjnjlcnb

gdg}ogjls f`} O}cgvnj{" we` {g|{cfcgk {en{ eg jgvg} w`bk envg v`bj{gg}gk f`}

bns`ff enk eg ij`wj {en{ eg wn| o`cjo {` b`|g ec| h`m*

F`} {eg f`}go`cjo }gn|`j|" {eg mnbnjlg `f bcnmcbc{s d|{ }g|{ wc{e {eg

L`dqnjs* E`wgvg}" O}cgvnj{–| lbqnmcbc{s wcbb fnl{`} egnvcbs cj{` {eg }gdgks"

n| jgc{eg} eg j`} ec| Wjc`j q}g|gj{| njs gul|g f`} ec| fncb}g {` f}jc|e {eg

L`dqnjs wc{e n l}}gj{ {gbgqe`jg jdmg} f`} kc}gl{ l`j{nl{ wc{e ecd|gbf*

CV*L* [eg Ln|g Mg{ggj [eg Qn}{cg|– Q}gkglg||`}|

_c{e`{ `mhgl{c`j ms {eg L`dqnjs" {eg Wjc`j cj{}`klgk n l`qs `f {eg



>?

N}mc{}n{c`j @qcjc`j Njk Nwn}k %WU <# cj B`lnb 6=5" Nbbcgk Cjkw|{}cnb _`}ig}|

`f Ndg}cln" NFB$LC@ njk Nl{cvg Cjkw|{}cg|" Cjl %_nb{ N}m >3??# %‒ Q}gkglg||`}

Ln|g—#" n |cdcbn} ln|g mg{wggj {eg qn}{cg|– q}gkglg||`}|" cjv`bvcjo {eg vg}s

l`j{}nl{nb q}`vc|c`j f}`d wecle {eg l}}gj{ q}`vc|c`j c| kg}cvgk*; [eg kglc|c`j

`j bcnmcbc{s cj {eg cj|{nj{ ln|g c| l`j|c|{gj{ wc{e {en{ cj {eg Q}gkglg||`} Ln|g" {eg

g||gj{cnb| `f wecle n}g gulg}q{gk mgb`w" cjn|dle n| {eg `qcjc`j c|

jqmbc|egk8

O}cgvnj{–| |gqn}n{c`j wn| gffgl{gk jkg} N}{clbg V" ¯3 %n# %;#" wecle|{n{g|8

\GL* 3* %n# Nj gdqb`sgg |enbb b`|g |gjc`}c{s f`} {eg f̀ bb`wcjo}gn|`j|8 …

%;# Nj gdqb`sgg fncb| {` }gq`}{ f̀ } w`}i f`} {e}gg %<# l`j|gl{cvg

kns| wegj }glnbbgk ms {eg L`dqnjs ms {gbgqe`jg" dg||gjog}"}goc|{g}gk dncb ̀ } {gbgo}nd … *

Y[eg o}cgvnj{T wn| bnck `ff `j Fgm}n}s =7" >3??* @j Dn}le >6" >3??"

{eg f`bb`wcjo }glnbb j`{cfcln{c`j wn| dncbgk8

[ec| c| {` nkvc|g s` {` }gq`}{ f`} w`}i n{ <811 Q*D*" Dn}le >?"

; @j {eg wgm|c{g dncj{ncjgk ms {eg Gbi{`j Lendmg} `f L`ddg}lg" www*gbi{`jlendmg}*l`d" {eg l`}q`}n{g

|llg||c`j c| guqbncjgk n| f`bb`w|8

>3;7 Nl{cvg Cjk|{}cg| Cjl mgonj |ecqqcjo dg{nb |{ndqcjo| `{ `f Gbi{`j* N{ {eg {cdg c{ wn| guqgl{gk

{` gdqb`s 71$61 dgj njk w`dgj* [`kns {eg l`dqnjs gdqb`s| `vg} ?71* Egj}s K}g{{dnjj wn| {eg

f`jkg} njk `wjg} ̀ f {eg l`dqnjs* [eg l`dqnjs wn| |`bk njk lenjogk jndg| cj {eg bn{g jcjg{s–|* [eg

qbnj{ j`w `qg}n{g| jkg} {eg jndg [`wg} N{`d`{cvg*

[eg egn}cjo cj {ec| dn{{g} wn| egbk n{ 5> K}g{{dnj K}cvg*

[eg jc`j |llg||c`j c| d`}g l`dqbcln{gk m{ c| kg|l}cmgk n{ e{{q8//gj*wcicqgkcn*`}o/wcic/Qnqg}"PNbbcgk$

Cjk|{}cnb"PLegdclnbPnjkPGjg}osP_`}ig}|PCj{g}jn{c`jnbPWjc`j* [eg dg}og} `f QNLG njk Wjc{gk \{ggbw`}ig}|

`f Ndg}cln wn| njj`jlgk h|{ q}c`} {` {eg gffgl{cvg kn{g `f {eg LMN* [eg jc`j j`w c| ij`wj n| {eg Wjc{gk

\{ggb" Qnqg} njk F`}g|{}s" ]mmg}" Dnjfnl{}cjo" Gjg}os" Nbbcgk$Cjk|{}cnb njk \g}vclg _`}ig}| Cj{g}jn{c`jnb

Wjc`j" nmm}gvcn{gk n| {eg -Wjc{gk \{ggbw`}ig}|- `} ms {eg nl}`jsd W\_* F`} {eg |nig `f |cdqbclc{s" {eg n}mc{}n{`}

l`j{cjg| {` |g QNLG* \gg nb|` L`dqnjs M}cgf A >" j >*

http://www.elktonchamber.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym

http://www.elktonchamber.com/



>5

>3?? %[e}|kns# %=jk |ecf{#* S` n}g mgcjo }glnbbgk n| n Q}`kl{c`j@qg}n{`}*

Nj n{{gdq{ wn| dnkg {` l`j{nl{ o}cgvnj{ ms {gbgqe`jg _gkjg|kns"

Dn}le >6" m{ eg l`bk j`{ mg }gnlegk*

[eg bg{{g} `f }glnbb wn| |gj{ `j Dn}le >6" >3??" ms lg}{cfcgk dncb* [eglg}{cfcgk }glgcq{ wn| |cojgk ms Mg{{s Gdd`j|" we`d o}cgvnj{ {g|{cfcgk c|

ec| |c|{g}* _egj o}cgvnj{ kck j`{ }gq`}{ f`} {eg |gl`jk |ecf{ `j [e}|kns"Dn}le >?" F}ckns" Dn}le >5" `} D`jkns" Dn}le =>* Eg wn| |gqn}n{gk

f}`d gdqb`sdgj{ ̀ j [g|kns d`}jcjo" Dn}le ==" >3??*…

C{ c| g||gj{cnb" e`wgvg}" {en{ {eg j`{clg }g~c}gk jkg} ¯3 %n# %;# mgnll`}kgk nj gdqb`sg njk {eg L`dqnjs dns j`{ nffgl{ ec| `} eg}

|gqn}n{c`j cj {eg nm|gjlg `f |qglcfcl l`dqbcnjlg* … _eg}g n }goc|{g}gkbg{{g} … c| kc}gl{gk {` {eg nkk}g|| q}`vckgk ms {eg gdqb`sg" {en{

j`{cfcln{c`j c| |ffclcgj{ njk fbbs l`dqbcg| wc{e {eg l`j{}nl{nb dnjkn{g*

…Y]Tg|`b{c`j `f {eg o}cgvnjlg c||g eg}g c| kg{g}dcjgk ms {eg fnl{ {en{ {eg

}glnbb j`{clg wn| j`{ kgbcvg}gk {` o}cgvnj{–| nkk}g|| `f }gl`}k* [ego}cgvnj{ {g|{cfcgk" njk c{ c| j`{ kc|q{gk ms {eg L`dqnjs" {en{ ec| |c|{g}

}g|ckg| n{ n kcffg}gj{ njk |gqn}n{g }g|ckgjlg f}`d ec|9 {en{ wecbg m`{e q}gdc|g| n}g b`ln{gk `j {eg |ndg qn}lgb `f bnjk" {eg mcbkcjo| n}g

|gqn}n{g n| n}g {eg dncbmùg|* N j`{clg kgbcvg}gk {` {eg w}`jo nkk}g||"gvgj {eòe cj lb`|g q}ùcdc{s" l`j|{c{{g| j` j`{clg n{ nbb cf j`{ nl{nbbs

}glgcvgk" njk c{ c| cddn{g}cnb {en{ {eg cjkcvcknb }glgcq{cjo f`} {eg j`{clgc| n lb`|g }gbn{cvg* Enk o}cgvnj{–| wcfg nllgq{gk {eg lg}{cfcgk bg{{g}" {en{

j`{cfcln{c`j qn{gj{bs w`bk envg mggj |ffclcgj{* @} enk o}cgvnj{–| |c|{g} bcvgk n{ ec| }g|ckgjlg" njk j`{ cj {eg |gqn}n{g e`dg `f ec| qn}gj{|" {eg

}glgcq{ `f {eg lg}{cfcgk bg{{g} ms eg} nb|` w`bk envg l`dqbcgk wc{eN}{clbg V" ¯3 %n# %;#* M{ nj gdqb`sg lnjj`{ mg len}ogk wc{e {eg }glgcq{`f n }glnbb j`{clg weg}g c{ c| kgbcvg}gk {` nj nkk}g|| `{eg} {enj {en{ wecle

enk mggj q}`vckgk" gvgj {eòe q}`qg}bs nkk}g||gk ms {eg L`dqnjs*

%Gdqen|c| cj ̀ }cocjnb*#

VC* [eg Kglc|c`j

Kg|qc{g |`dg kcffg}gjlg| mg{wggj {eg Q}gkglg||`} Ln|g njk {eg U njk S

ln|g" {egs |ggd {` |oog|{ {eg f`bb`wcjo q}cjlcqbg8 Nj gdqb`sgg dns j`{ mg



>3

{g}dcjn{gk f`} fncb}g {` }gq`}{ mnli {cdgbs q`j }glnbb f}`d bns`ff jbg|| %c# eg

}glgcvg| j`{clg `f {eg }glnbb n| |qglcfcgk cj {eg l`j{}nl{9 lf * Q}gkglg||`} Ln|g" }̀

%cc# jbg|| ec| fncb}g {` }glgcvg |le j`{clg c| gj{c}gbs ec| ̀ wj fnb{9 lf * ]cvg}|ckg

Dn}ig{|" >>1 BN =3? %En}bnj N}m >335#* _ecbg c{ c| {}g {en{ O}cgvnj{ c| j`{

mbndgbg||" c{ |ggd| jkbs en}|e {` cdq`|g {eg b{cdn{g qgjnb{s `f {g}dcjn{c`j

q`j ecd* [eg L`dqnjs kck j`{ envg {` }g|{}cl{ kgbcvg}s `f {eg }glnbb j`{clg9 c{

l`bk envg |gj{ n dg||gjog} {` O}cgvnj{–| e`|g9 njk c{| gdqb`sgg l`bk envg

j`{cfcgk O}cgvnj{ cj {eg }g|{n}nj{* @j mnbnjlg" {eg |lnbg| `f h|{clg |ggd {` {cq

cj O}cgvnj{–| fnv`}9 ec| lbqnmcbc{s lnj mg fnl{`}gk cj{` {eg }gdgks*

[eg L`dqnjs |oog|{| {en{ c{ w`bk envg mggj cjnqq}`q}cn{g f`} c{|

gdqb`sgg {` envg cjf`}dgk O}cgvnj{ nm`{ ec| {g}dcjn{c`j cj {eg }g|{n}nj{

%L`dqnjs M}cgf A >?$>5#" m{ {en{ |oog|{c`j `vg}b``i| {eg {cdgbcjg* [eg

j}gf{gk {g|{cd`js wn| {en{ {eg lenjlg dgg{cjo {``i qbnlg n{ bjle `j

\gq{gdmg} =* O}cgvnj{ wn| }glnbbgk {` {eg |gl`jk |ecf{ %LU| 7 & 5#" wecle

w`bk j`{ envg mgoj j{cb bn{g} cj {eg nf{g}j``j %LMN A ==$=7#* [e|" {eg

L`dqnjs w`bk j`{ envg sg{ kglckgk {` {g}dcjn{g O}cgvnj{" |cjlg c{ l`bk j`{

k` |` jkg} {eg l`j{}nl{ j{cb eg fncbgk {` |e`w q bn{g} {en{ kns* [e|" {eg

gdqb`sgg l`bk j`{ envg {`bk O}cgvnj{ nm`{ njs {g}dcjn{c`j*

E`wgvg}" {eg gdqb`sgg d`|{ lg}{ncjbs l`bk envg {`bk O}cgvnj{ {en{ eg

enk mggj }glnbbgk" n| {en{ enk mggj {eg gdqb`sgg–| w`}i n||cojdgj{ gn}bcg}



=1

k}cjo {eg l`}|g `f {eg gvgj{| cj kc|q{g* Enk {eg gdqb`sgg k`jg |`" O}cgvnj{

l`bk envg }g{}jgk {` w`}i wc{ecj {eg <$kns o}nlg qg}c`k nff`}kgk ms N}{ V" ¯

5*N*;* [e|" {eg L`dqnjs–| |oog|{c`j dc||g| {eg dn}i9 {eg Wjc`j ec{| c{*

Wjc`j M}cgf A 5*

[eg `jbs q`||cmbg cdqgkcdgj{ {` nj g~c{nmbg }gdgks c| {eg bnjonog `f

N}{ CV" ̄ 6*N" wecle |ggd| {` cdqbcln{g h|{ ln|g q}cjlcqbg|8

C{ c| cdq`}{nj{ {en{ l`dqbncj{| }gon}kcjo wjhw|{ `} kc|l}cdcjn{`}s bns`ff|`} kc|len}og| mg enjkbgk q}`dq{bs nll`}kcjo {` {eg o}cgvnjlg q}`lgk}g*

… Cf {eg gdqb`sgg c| f`jk {` envg mggj wjhw|{bs kgnb{ wc{e" eg `} |egwcbb mg }g{}jgk {` w`}i ms {eg L`dqnjs wc{e fbb qns f`} nbb {cdg b`|{*

%Gdqen|c| |qqbcgk*#

F`}{jn{gbs" n ln|g lc{gk njk f`bb`wgk ms N}mc{}n{`} _nb{ cj {eg Q}gkglg||`}

Ln|g q}`vckg| n |`b{c`j*

Cj {en{ ln|g" Dckbnjk$]`|| L`}q" ;3 BN =5<" =5? %Bn}icj N}m >36?#" {eg

n}mc{}n{`} egbk {en{" cj {eg q}g|gjlg `f l`j{}nl{ q}`vc|c`j| |ggdcjo {` kc|{cjoc|e

mg{wggj n kc|lcqbcjn}s kc|len}og %g*o*" LMN" N}{ V" ¯ 5*N*=" kc|len}og f`} h|{

ln|g# njk kc|len}og f`} nj`{eg} |{n{gk }gn|`j %g*o*" LMN" N}{ V" ¯ 5*N*="

fncb}g {` }g{}j {cdgbs wegj }glnbbgk#" h|{ ln|g c| j`{ nj c||g* [ec| n}mc{}n{`}

f`bb`w| N}mc{}n{`}| Bn}icj njk _nb{ njk e`bk| {en{ h|{ ln|g q}cjlcqbg| n}g j`{

nqqbclnmbg {` {eg cj|{nj{ ln|g" |` {en{ N}{ CV" ¯ 6*N k`g| j`{ l`dqgb {eg nwn}k `f

mnliqns* O}cgvnj{ wn| j`{ {}gn{gk jh|{bs" h|{ g}}`jg`|bs*

_ecbg |ggicjo {` kc|{cjoc|e {eg Q}gkglg||`} Ln|g %L`dqnjs M}cgf A



=>

>5$>3#" {eg L`dqnjs k`g| no}gg {en{ {eg h|{ ln|g c||g wn| l`}}gl{bs kglckgk

{eg}g njk lc{g| \{}è M}gg}s" |wq}n" cj f}{eg} |qq`}{ %L`dqnjs M}cgf A 3#*

Cjkggk" cj n ln|g kglckgk h|{ Dns >" =116" {eg n}mc{}n{`} ecd|gbf j`{gk {eg

kc|{cjl{c`j mg{wggj n kc|lcqbcjn}s kc|len}og gffgl{gk f`} h|{ ln|g njk n

kc|len}og f`} vc`bn{c`j ̀ f n |qglcfcl l`j{}nl{nb q}`vc|c`j" njk qegbk {eg bn{{g}*

[eg n}mc{}n{`} k`g|" e`wgvg}" kcffg} wc{e {eg L`dqnjs–| }gnkcjo `f {eg

Q}gkglg||`} Ln|g" cj|`fn} n| {eg L`dqnjs |oog|{| {en{ {eg bg{{g} cj {en{ ln|g

wn| dc|nkk}g||gk %L`dqnjs M}cgf A >5$>3#* ]n{eg}" {eg n}mc{}n{`} }gnk| c{ n| n

ln|g `f dc|kgbcvg}s %‒M{ nj gdqb`sg lnjj`{ mg len}ogk wc{e {eg }glgcq{ `f n

}glnbb j`{clg weg}g c{ c| kgbcvg}gk {` nj nkk}g|| `{eg} {enj {en{ wecle enk mggj

q}`vckgk" gvgj {eòe q}`qg}bs nkk}g||gk ms {eg L`dqnjs*—#*

[e}òe`{ c{| M}cgf" {eg Wjc`j lendqc`j| h|{ ln|g" n k`l{}cjg wecle

{eg n}mc{}n{`} }ghgl{| n| cjnqqbclnmbg eg}g f`} {eg }gn|`j| guqbncjgk* [eg Wjc`j

k`g| o` `j {` f`l| `j {eg g||gjlg `f {eg ln|g8

[eg qgjnb{s f`} fncb}g {` }g|q`jk ‒wegj }glnbbgk ms {eg L`dqnjs ms

{gbgqe`jg" dg||gjog}" }goc|{g}gk dncb— c| qbncjbs bnck `{ cj {egno}ggdgj{ cj N}{clbg V$\gjc`}c{s `j qnog| >5 njk >3* [eg q}`mbgd eg}gc| {en{ cj `}kg} {` }g|q`jk {` n }glnbb nj cjkcvcknb d|{ fc}|{ mg l`j{nl{gk"

ms `jg `f {eg nm`vg dg{e`k|" cj `}kg} {` mg nwn}g `f {eg }glnbb* Cj Kò–|

ln|g {ec| kck j`{ enqqgj* \cjlg {eg}g wn| j` l`j{nl{ {eg}g wn| j` fncb}g{` }g|q`jk … * Wjc`j M}cgf A 6*

VCC* [eg ]gdgks

_c{e {eg h|{ ln|g e}kbg lbgn}gk" {eg n}mc{}n{`} lnj f`}dbn{g wen{ eg



==

qg}lgcvg| {` mg nj g~c{nmbg }gdgks jkg} {eg fnl{| `f {ec| ln|g* O}cgvnj{ c| {`

mg }gcj|{n{gk wc{e`{ b`|| `f |gjc`}c{s* [eg LMN" N}{ CV" ¯ 7*L }g~c}g| {eg

n}mc{}n{`} {` kg{g}dcjg ‒{eg b`|cjo qn}{s— njk {` n||g|| n}mc{}n{c`j l`|{|

nll`}kcjobs* [en{ wcbb mg {eg L`dqnjs* E`wgvg}" mgln|g `f O}cgvnj{–| `wj

lbqnmcbc{s" eg c| j`{ nwn}kgk mnliqns `} b`|{ mgjgfc{|* Eg en| b`jo egbk {w`

h`m|" |` {en{ eg en| j`{ mggj qgjjcbg|| |cjlg ec| b`|| ̀ f ̀ jg `f {egd*

Cj nkkc{c`j" mgln|g `f O}cgvnj{–| q``} n{{gjknjlg }gl`}k %LU >7# njk

~g|{c`jnmbg {g|{cd`js" n f}{eg} l`jkc{c`j c| qbnlgk q`j ec| }gcj|{n{gdgj{8 F`}

{eg k}n{c`j `f {eg l}}gj{ l`j{}nl{" cj gnle l`j{}nl{ sgn}" O}cgvnj{ c| {` mg

{}gn{gk n| cf eg nb}gnks en| enk f`} %;# jgul|gk nm|gjlg|" h|{ n| eg kck wegj

eg wn| {g}dcjn{gk* \gg LMN A 76 %n{e`}cxcjo {g}dcjn{c`j f`} n {`{nb `f ?

jgul|gk nm|gjlg| cj n |cjobg l`j{}nl{ sgn}#" L`dqnjs M}cgf A =>* [en{ c| {`

|ns" cf O}cgvnj{ en| {e}gg %<# d`}g jgul|gk nm|gjlg| cj njs l`j{}nl{ sgn} f`}

{eg k}n{c`j ̀ f {eg l`j{}nl{" {eg L`dqnjs dns {g}dcjn{g ecd*

[eg n}mc{}n{`} en| f`jk |le l`jkc{c`j| }gn|`jnmbs jglg||n}s cj ln|g| `f

q}`mbgd gdqb`sgg| |ggicjo }gcj|{n{gdgj{" {` egbq gj|}g {en{ }gcj|{n{gdgj{ c| n

w`}inmbg }gdgks9 |gg" g*o*" \GCW B`lnb ?3 njk Wjc{gk Dg{e`kc|{ ]g{c}gdgj{

L`ddwjc{cg|" <= BNC\ =?1 %N}m =11;# A CU$<<3" lc{cjo Ecbb & \cjcl}`qc"

]gdgkcg| cj N}mc{}n{c`j %MJN =jk gk >33># A >;6$>;?" >7;$>76*



VCCC* [eg Nn}k

F`} {eg f`}go`cjo }gn|`j|" {eg o}cgvnjlg c| \W\[NCJGK CJ QN][ NJK

KGJCGK CJ QN][* O}cgvnj{ c| {` mg }gcj|{n{gk wc{e`{ b`|| `f |gjc`}c{s m{

wc{e`{ mnliqns `} b`|{ mgjgfc{|* F`} {eg k}n{c`j `f {eg l}}gj{ l`j{}nl{" cj gnle

l`j{}nl{ sgn}" O}cgvnj{ c| {` mg {}gn{gk n| cf eg en| enk f`} %;# jgul|gk

nm|gjlg|9 q`j nlldbn{c`j `f {e}gg %<# d`}g cj njs `jg l`j{}nl{ sgn}" {eg

L`dqnjs dns {g}dcjn{g ecd* L`|{| `f {eg n}mc{}n{c`j n}g n||g||gk noncj|{ {eg

L`dqnjs*

Kn{gk Dns >7" =116 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

G* F}nji L`}jgbc|" N}mc{}n{`}

pace local 6-0628 and tower automotive 5-15-06

Documents