1.WHAT IS PUBLICADMINISTRATION? Report By:Ariane Joy P. Coronel

2. A Very Difficult QuestionThe field of public administration and the discipline of Public Administration has always been challenged due to its inherent complexity and dynamism within an ever contested volatile environment.Let us go through its development to be enlightened and have a more or less clear idea of Public Administration and public administration. 3. I. Development of the Study andUnderstanding the Profession 4. De Tocquevilles Contribution Alexis Charles Henry Clevel De Tocqueville, ayoung French magistrate, was the first tochallenge the study of public administration,particularly in America. He recognized the need for a more serious studyof Public Administration. 5. The Progressive Movement:Wilson and the Politics-Administration Dichotomy Patronage System (Spoils System) common practice in Americanpublic administration. Progressive Movement was bornout of dissatisfaction in the systemat hand. Civil Service and Professionalization Pendleton Act of 1883 laid thefoundation of the merit system 6. The Progressive Movement:Wilson and the Politics-Administration Dichotomy Woodrow Wilson pioneered the development of the dichotomy of public administration. the field of administration is a field ofbusiness, and must be removed from thehurry and strife of politics Other scholars: Leonard White Frank Goodnow 7. The Science of Public Adminstrationand the Scientific ManagementMovement The scientific approach emerged in the belief that Public Administration cannot be studied or operationalized simply on the basis of the dichotomy of politics and administration. 8. The Science of Public Adminstrationand the Scientific ManagementMovement Proponents:Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick(POSDCORB) P-Planning O-Organizing S-Staffing D-Directing Co- Coordinating R-Reporting B-Budgeting 9. The Science of Public Adminstrationand the Scientific ManagementMovement Proponents:William F. Willoughby managerial functions Frederick W. Taylor problematic of wastage andinefficiency C.H. Garland need tosystematize knowledge in 10. The Science of Public Adminstrationand the Scientific ManagementMovement Other Proponents: F. Merson Luther Gulick Cyril Renwick Marshall E. Dimock John Pfiffner Harvey Walker 11. Critique of the Scientific ManagementPrinciples Robert Dahl Impossibility of excluding normative considerations from administrative inquiries Concern for studying certain aspects of human behaviour Relevance to the social setting of scientific methods 12. Critique of the Scientific ManagementPrinciples Herbert Simon Systems approach there is no one best way approach to Public Administration Other proponents: Wallace Sayre J.M. Gaus Nicholas Henry H. Stein Frederick Mosher Dwight Waldo 13. Diversity of the Field of PublicAdministration Psychological Perspective Behavioural Dynamics Sociological Perspective Bureaucratic behaviour and performance Organization Development Approach Behavioural Science Knowledge andPublic Choice Model 14. Kuhn Influence and the ScientificRevolution Thomas Kuhn Anatomy of changes in moods and contours in scientific inquiries Paradigms constellation of values , beliefs andperceptions of empirical reality, which,together with a body of theory based uponthe foregoing, is used by a group ofscientists, and by applying a distinctivemethodology, to interpret the nature of 15. Public Administration as a Discipline inSearch of a Subject Matter Vincent Ostrom The practice of public administrationdepends on the knowledge its membersprofess. Fred Riggs The changing environment of the worldattracted very difficult dilemmas in publicadministration. Dwight Waldo The changing social arena and the scientific 16. The New Public Administration (NPA)Movement and the Focus on Public PolicyAnalysis Dwight Waldo urged areorientation of the disciplinetowards policy issues andconcerns of a broader nature. The NPA movement values thefollowing: Relevance Equity Responsiveness 17. The New Public Administration (NPA)Movement and the Focus on Public PolicyAnalysis This shift of focus allowed thefield to gain more footing on theproblematic of policy making. There is a thrust that publicadministration must assume abigger responsibility in theimplementation of policies. 18. II. Traditional and EmergingAssumptions of PublicAdministration 19. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE TRADITIONAL PUBLICASSUMPTIONS OF THE EMERGING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATIONDichotomy between politics and administrationInter-relationship of politics and administrationAdministrative neutralityEthical responsibilityEfficiency and productivityEffectiveness in problem-solvingCentralization and control Decentralization and participationCross-cultural comparisonCross-cultural domestic comparisonMaintenance of functions Re-designing of functions and tasksComprehensive-rational planningParticipative social planningReactive problem solving, change and learningProactive problem solving, change and learningDichotomy between facts and values Critical examination of facts and valuesEmphasis on influence of special interest groups Emphasis on pluralistic and participatory democracyEmphasis on experts role in policy analysis Emphasis on citizen participation in community problem solvingVertical coordination and authority relation Horizontal collaboration and human networkingOrganizational growth with affluent resourcesAchieving excellence with limited resourcesInformation accumulation Information sharing and networking 20. III. Approaches to the Study ofPublic Administration 21. 1. Constitutional-Legal Point of view of theconstitution, legislativeenactments, the administrativecode, executivepronouncements, and courtdecisions. Stresses the normative andthe political more than the 22. 2. Structural-Descriptive Views the governmentthrough the standpoint oforganizational structure,functions, techniques andprocedures. The structure is seen as adevice for publicadministration. 23. 3. Institutional Emphasizes formalrelationships among thethree branches ofgovernment on the basis ofseparation of powers theoryand the ways of keepingpublic administrationresponsible to the electedbranch and the public asclientele. 24. 4. Behavioural Stresses theimportance of thebehaviour ofindividuals within theorganization in aspecific context. 25. 5. System Concern for managementtechniques developed as aresult of the desire to improvegovernmental servicedelivery There is an implied happyordering of components andthe integration of functions toachieve organizational goals. 26. 6. Contingency There is a belief thatorganization andmanagement of anorganization should zeroin on the situationbecause there is no besttype of organization 27. IV. The Scope of Philippine Public Administration 28. Governmental activitiesundertaken to protect society as awhole. Governmental activities designedto provide economic assistance toeconomic and social groups. Governmental activitiesundertaken in the exercise ofproprietary and corporate powers. Governmental activitiesundertaken to regulate business,trade and manufacturing. 29. Types of GovernmentPrograms: External foreign affairs activities Regulatory regulate operation of business enterprises domestic or foreign capital banking activities practice of profession quality control of products standards specification price control public convenience certification. Service activities directly administered by government and directly affect individuals and 30. Types of GovernmentPrograms: Development designed to direct socio-economic transformation efforts to buildself-reliant communities and developgeographic areas and regions throughthe formation of development bodiesand authorities. Grants-in-Aid undertaken bygovernment with subsidy funds, partly orwholly, from external sources. 31. V. The Environment of Public AdministrationPhilippine Context 32. There has to be a focus on the milieu or the context within which the principles of public administration has to be applied. 33. Factors Affecting the Practice ofPublic Administration 34. CULTURE It is the composite or learnedbehaviours, attitudes, beliefs,ideals, and values held by aparticular society. A responsive publicadministration needs to addressand adjust to the type and levelof development of society. 35. CULTUREFilipino culture is basically characterized byostrong family linkagesoan accepted rural-urban dichotomyo pronounced disparity of income and wealthounemployment and underemploymento almost complete reliance upon government for dispensation of essential services 36. Administrative Policies Filipino culture is basicallycharacterized by ostrong family linkages oan accepted rural-urbandichotomy o pronounced disparity of incomeand wealth ounemployment andunderemployment o almost complete reliance upongovernment for dispensation ofessential services 37. Administrative Policies The success or failure of publicadministration depends uponproper organization of theadministrative units andutilization of resources. oRed Tape may characterizesome areas of our bureaucraticinstitutions wherein there is rigidconformity to formal rules whichcan be considered as redundantand may hinder or preventaction or decision making. 38. Demography The relation of population topublic administration generallyinvolves the implications andeffects of size, density,composition, distribution andmovement of people. oGrowth of population oUnregulated populationmovement oUrbanization oEthnical divides 39. IdeologyThe belief system of individuals, groups, social classes, government and the entire nation.oPaternalismoPadrino System (Patronage) 40. Social and PhysicalTechnologyTechnology is generallyperceived as the sum totalof all mechanisms andmethodologies employedto ensure convenienceand comfort of man and ofsociety. 41. Social and PhysicalTechnologySocial DevicesGovernmentCorporate BusinessLabour UnionsChurchTechnical Assistance 42. Social and PhysicalTechnologyTechnological AdvancesAutomationCommunications RevolutionTransportation ProblemBuild-Operate-Transfer Scheme 43. PoliticsDichotomy of Politics and Administration versusInter-relationship of Politics and Administration 44. Public-Private PartnershipInterdependency of the public sector and the private sector.