p91 material.docx

7/27/2019 P91 Material.docx

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SHENYANG CHENGDE STEEL PIPE CO., LTD.

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Specification for ASTM A335

Standard Specification for

Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

Chemical Composition (%)

Grade C Mn P, S, max Si Cr Mo

P11 0.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.50-1.00 1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65

P22 0.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.50 max 1.90-2.60 0.87-1.13

P5 0.15 max 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.50 max 4.00-6.00 0.45-0.65

P9 0.15 max 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.25-1.00 8.00-10.00 0.90-1.10

P91 0.08-0.12 0.30-0.60 0.020/0.010 0.20-0.50 8.00-9.50 0.85-1.05

V 0.18-

0.25 N 0.03-0.07Ni 0.40

max

Al 0.02

max

Nb 0.06-

0.10 Ti 0.01 max

P92 0.07-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.020/0.010 0.50 max 8.50-9.50 0.30-0.60

V 0.15-

0.25N 0.03-0.07

Ni 0.40

max

Al 0.02

max

Nb 0.04-

0.09

W 1.50-

2.00

B 0.001-0.006

Ti 0.01 maxZr 0.01

max

Mechanical Properties

Grade P11, P22,

P5, P9Grade P91 Grade P92

Tensile strength, min,

(MPa)415 585 620

Yield strength, min, (MPa) 205 415 440

Elongation, min, (%), L/T 30/20 20/ 20/

Heat Treatment A / N+T N+T / Q+T N+T
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Specification for ASTM A335

Standard Specification forSeamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

Chemical Composition (%)

Grade C Mn P, S, max Si Cr Mo

P11 0.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.50-1.00 1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65

P22 0.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.50 max 1.90-2.60 0.87-1.13

P5 0.15 max 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.50 max 4.00-6.00 0.45-0.65

P9 0.15 max 0.30-0.60 0.025 0.25-1.00 8.00-10.00 0.90-1.10P91 0.08-0.12 0.30-0.60 0.020/0.010 0.20-0.50 8.00-9.50 0.85-1.05

V 0.18-0.25 N 0.03-0.07 Ni 0.40 max Al 0.02 max Nb 0.06-0.10 Ti 0.01 max

P92 0.07-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.020/0.010 0.50 max 8.50-9.50 0.30-0.60

V 0.15-0.25 N 0.03-0.07 Ni 0.40 max Al 0.02 max Nb 0.04-0.09 W 1.50-2.00

B 0.001-0.006 Ti 0.01 max Zr 0.01 max

Mechanical Properties

Grade P11, P22, P5, P9 Grade P91 Grade P92

Tensile strength, min, (MPa) 415 585 620

Yield strength, min, (MPa) 205 415 440

Elongation, min, (%), L/T 30/20 20/ 20/

Heat Treatment A / N+T N+T / Q+T N+T
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P-11 is a piping material usually used in refinery and petrochemicals industries for services at or

around 550 to 600 degree C temp. It is low alloy steel. It contains 1.25 cr and 0.5moly.It resistant

to hydrogen attack. It need PWHT(post weld heat treatment). PWHT to be in the range of 680 to

780

degree C.P-22 is a piping material usually used in refinery and petrochemicals industries for

services at or around 550 to 625 degree C temp. It is low alloy steel. It contains 2.25 cr and

1.moly.It resitant to hydrogen attack. It need PWHT(post weld heat treatment). PWHT to be in

the range of 680 to 780 degree C.


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Terms

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Comparing materials for high-temperature steam piping

The use of X20 and P91 in power stations

ByP.K. Saha

January 16, 2003

Of all the materials used for high-temperature steam piping, X20 (12 percent chromium, 1 percent molybdenum, 1/4 percentvanadium) and P91 (9 percent chromium, 1 percent molybdenum, 1/4 percent vanadium) stand out because of their very high creep

rupture properties, even at elevated temperatures.

X20 was introduced in the 1950s in Germany and used in steam lines operating at

temperatures of 530 degrees C and higher for fossil fuel-fired power generating sets of150 megawatts and more. However, two factors limited its use: the extreme care

needed for its fabrication and welding and its noninclusion in the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code B31.1.

P91, introduced in the 1980s in the U.S., has both very high strength at elevatedtemperatures and good fabrication properties. These features have made P91 the

material of choice for high-temperature steam and other, similar noncorrosiveservices.

X20 Material
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The U.S. had been trying to develop a new material since the middle 1970s tobridge the gap between ferritic P22 and austenitic steels with respect to creep

rupture strength for high-temperature service from 540 to 600 degrees C.Development of any new material, especially for high-temperature service, requires many years, because creep rupture strengths are

established based on longtime exposure to a range of intended service temperatures.

As a result of these developmental efforts, a new material, designated P91, was introduced in the U.S. in the 1980s by Oak RidgeNational Laboratory (ORNL, www.ornl.gov), assisted by Combustion Engineering. This material has proven to have such good

strength and fabrication properties that the use of X20 has practically been discontinued in Europe. In fact, even renovations of oldpower plants are being made with P91 material for steam circuits operating in the creep range.

P91 is a modified form of P9 (9 percent chromium, 1 percent molybdenum) steel. The steel can have low impurity limits, thanks to the

development of processes such as argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) and electroslag remelting (ESR), which make the steel behaveconsistently during fabrication and resist the effects of aging. When properly heat-treated as specified in ASTM specification A335,

the steel acquires room temperature properties as shown in Figure 1.

The steel has high creep rupture strength because of the precipitation of submicroscopic vanadium and niobium carbonitrides. Lowcarbon content aids its fabrication characteristics. The material responds well to hot and cold bending, as well as to welding.

Comparison of X20 and P91

achievethese tensile properties at room temperature.


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P91 and X20 both are martensitic steels with similar transformationbehavior (see Figure 2). Martensite formation temperature for P91 is about

400 degrees C. Welding of P91 steel is, therefore, carried out below thistemperature using preheat and interpass temperatures in the range of 200 to

300 degrees C.

The maximum hardness in the weld metal and heat-affected zone in as-welded condition is about 450 HV10, which is lower than thatof X20 (greater than 500 HV10). Heavier-wall P91 components may be cooled to room temperature after welding. The joint should,

however, be kept dry after welding until postweld heat treatment is complete to avoid stress-corrosion cracking caused by the presenceof humidity.6

Martensite formation temperature for X20 is about 300 degrees C, so welding may be carried out either at 250 degrees C (just below

the martensite formation temperature) or in the nontransformation range beyond 400 degrees C. The higher temperature helps preventhigh hardness values and the attendant risk of cracking during welding. In any case, except for very thin-wall components, X-20 weld

deposit must be cooled down to about 100 degrees C and held there for at least one hour for the transformation of austenite into

martensite to be complete. The component then is subjected to a tempering treatment at between 730 and 760 degrees C for at leasttwo hours.7

Typical welding consumables recommended for P22, X20, and P91 are shown in Figure 3, and typical nondestructive testingpractices recommended for P91 are shown in Figure 4.

Following are some considerations that influence a choice between P91 andX20:

1. Allowable stress, per ASME B31.1 code, is the same for both P91 andX20 at 540 degrees C. The allowable stress is increasingly higher for

P91 at higher temperatures. Therefore, any advantages of X20 based onits lower thickness requirement can be obtained by using P91 at 540

degrees C and higher.2. Use of X20 demands extreme care in fabrication and welding of the

piping components. Important parameters include induction heating of

thicker weld joints; special cooling and storage of bends before heattreatment; low-speed grinding performed intermittently to prevent

Figure 2P91 (top) and X20 (bottom) both are martensitic steels

with similar transformation behavior.

Figure 3Several brands of welding consumables can be used

with P22 and P91, while only one brand is

recommended for use with X20.


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Notes

1. V.L. Gopalakrishnan, Welding of X20 Pipes for Conveyance of High Pressure Steam for 500 MW Power Plant -- an Indian

Experience (The Tata Power Co. Ltd., 1991), pp. 377-383.

2. G. Kalwa, State of the Development and Application Techniques of the Steel X20CrMoV121 (Mannesmann).

3. W. Bendick, V. Harrmann, and M. Zschau, Retrofitting of Exhausted Steamline Components (Mannesmann).

4. K. Niederhoff, G. Wellnitz, M. Zschau, and D. Ziessnitz, Properties and Fabricability of Creep Resistant 9-12% Cr Steels for HighPressure Piping System in Power Plants (Mannesmann, 1991), pp. 221-262.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. F. Bruhl and H. Musch, Welding of Alloyed Ferritic and Martensitic Steels in Piping Systems for High Temperature Service

(Mannesmann).

Additional Information

p91 material.docx

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