p3-e-125 putting ‘effort’ in a usable way: using eye
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Putting ‘effort’ in a usable way: Using eye movements and pupillometry to uncover the role of focused attention in Visual Working Memory
Chen Cheng, Zsuzsa Kaldy, & Erik BlaserDevelopmental and Brain Sciences Program, Dept. of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
Does the familiarity of the to-be-remembered objects affect their memorability, or the
allocation of focused attention?
Focused attention / cognitive effort, deployed purposefully, is a critical component of Executive Function, and supports the active processing of information.
The integration of memory and attention occurs between 6- to 15-month of age, as a result of the maturation of frontal circuitry (Colombo & Cheatham, 2006).
However, the link between focused attention and Visual Working Memory has not been well-studied in infants.
Motivation
HUMAN VISION LAB
Method
ConclusionsAcknowledgement & References
• Infants have better memory for familiar objects.• Focused attention (as indexed by the pupil), during memory encoding, predicted better
VWM performance.• Pupillometry is a promising tool to measure focused attention with high temporal
resolution in infants.
This project was supported by NIH #1R15HD086658. Brady, T. F., Störmer, V. S., & Alvarez, G. A. (2016). PNASJohnson, E. L., Miller Singley, A. T., Peckham, A. D., Johnson, S. L., & Bunge, S. A. (2014). Frontiers in Psychology Kahneman, D., & Beatty, J. (1966). Science. Kaldy, Z., Guillory, S. B., & Blaser, E. (2016). Developmental Science Unsworth, N., & Robison, M. K. (2015). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(3), 757-765.
Dependent measure: first anticipatory saccade to face-down ‘Match’ (correct) vs. ‘Non-match’ (incorrect) card, during the response interval
Questions
Can focused attention (as indexed by pupillometry) predict VWM performance?
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Results
VWM capacity in adults is greater for familiar, real-world objects than for unfamiliar abstract shapes (Brady et al., 2016). Here, instead of abstract shapes we used up-side down versions of the objects (to control low-level information).
Participants
• 12 trials of Delayed-Match Retrieval (Kaldy, Guillory, & Blaser, 2016).
• Min 3 trials had to be completed
Stimuli
Fly-in 0.5 s Each card revealed for 1.5 s, sequentially
After 1 s, Sample is revealed
Response 2 s Feedback and reward 1 s
Procedure
Non-match Match
SampleFamiliar Objects (Exp 1) Upside Down (Exp 2)
Task-evoked pupil responses (TEPRs)
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• 13-month-olds performed significantly above chance in our VWM task, but only when the to-be-remembered objects were familiar (Exp. 1).
• In Exp.1, we found a significant correlation (r = 0.52, p =0.018) between infants’ pupil response (TEPR) (at the end of encoding) and their VWM performance. This was not present in Exp. 2 (as performance was at chance).
Task evoked pupil dilation during encoding was significantly greater in better-performing kids than lower-performing, and in correct vs opposed incorrect trials. This relationship between focused attention and VWM only held for Familiar (Exp 1), not Upside down, objects (Exp 2).
Familiar Objects (Exp.1) Upside Down (Exp.2)
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Higher attention during encoding has been shown to correlate with phasic pupil diameter (task-evoked pupil responses; TEPRs) and better subsequent WM performance in adul ts and older chi ldren (Kahneman, 1973; Unsworth & Robison, 2015; Johnson et al., 2014), but what about infants?
P3-E-125
Below median performance__ Above median performance
N = 22M_age = 13.4 months
Range = 11- 15 months
N = 21M_age = 13.4 months
Range = 11- 15 months
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Exp. 1: Cheng, Kaldy, & Blaser, under review
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Correct trialsIncorrect trials_
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For more info, please contact [email protected]
VWM performance
Upside Down(Exp.2)