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●Cover:Tokunoshima Kametoku Port(Kagoshima Prefecture)2009.05
Dolos R
+81-3 -5644-85847-2,NIHONBASHI-KOAMICHO,CHUO-KU,TOKYO,103-0016,JAPAN
ht tp: / /www.fudotet ra.co .jp
Head office
+81-29-831-7411Technical Research Institute 2-7,HIGASHI NAKANUKI,TSUCHIURA IBARAKI, 300-0006,JAPAN
Dolosse will continue to play an important role to protect port and harbor areas from
very severe wave conditions, the kind that other wave-dissipating concrete blocks cannot withstand.
●Naha Port(Okinawa prefecture)
Dolosse in Japan is fully reinforced to prevent breakage caused by high interlocking forces, as experienced in Sines Port in Portugal in 1978 and other Dolos applications around the world .The weight amount of reinforcing bar used in Dolosse in Japan is about 100 kg/㎥, while thatin Sines and Humbold Bay were 40 kg/㎥ and 45 kg/㎥(Magoon et al. 1971).
Dolosse of 40 and 50 ton have been utilized in Japan since 1980s.In Naha Port in Okinawa, more than 10,000 units of 40 and 50ton Dolosse, reinforced with steel bars in the amount above, have already been used.
Dolosse of 40 and 50ton have been found use in many ports other than Naha under high wave conditions. The success in actual site applications in Japan especially in Naha Port with us more than 30 year experience is considered strong evidence that the reinforcement for Dolos in Japan is satisfactory.
Shape and Dimensions●Shape and Dimensions of Dolos
●Dimensions of Dolos
※1 Actual Mass and Actual Weight include Reinforcing Steel Weight※2 Actual Weight=9.80665×Actual Mass
Actual Mass※1 ※2
Type (t) Actual Weight Volume Form area(t) (KN) (m3) (m2) h a edcb
units in mm
41.1240 403.25 17.391 50.041 4823 1543 7814011441830986
51.4250 504.26 21.739 58.067 5196 1663 84151015528941062
82.3280 807.28 34.787 79.443 6077 1945 991765
f I
270
291
340181610451242
Advantages of Dolos
Dolos wave-dissipating works maintain large surface roughness and suitable porosity. They allow the reduction of wave pressure on the breakwater, wave runup, and wave reflection.
H i g h W a v e - D i s s i p a t i n g P e r f o r m a n c e
Thanks to the reduction in block size, we can freely select machinery, ships and the area of fabrication yard. No particular skill for block placement is needed because we can naturally obtain the entanglement of blocks caused by the shape of the block.
E a s e o f F a b r i c a t i o n a n d P l a c e m e n t
High stability of Dolos enable required mass against waves to be reduced up to a half of other conventional blocks. Therefore, the machinery for transport and installation can be reduced in size. Moreover, the high porosity of Dolos wave-dissipating works makes the total number of blocks fewer. Due to the characteristic above, Dolos wave-dissipating works indicate superior economy.
S u p e r i o r E c o n o m y
Combining two anchors forms shape of a single Dolos. Dolos wave-dissipating work realizes high stability due to the interlocking of blocks caused by such an anchor-like shape.
H i g h S t a b i l i t y
Reinforcing Bar Arrangement●40ton
■Main Reinforcement
■Shear Reinforcement
■Reinforcement for Haunch
■Supplement Reinforcement
■Table of Reinforcing Bar
●50ton
■Main Reinforcement ■Reinforcement for Haunch
■Shear Reinforcement
■Supplement Reinforcement
■Table of Reinforcing Bar
D32
D29
D32
D32
D22
D19
D19
D19
D19
D19
D19
D19
4500
4600
3740
3600
4760
4460
4380
4130
3880
3630
3380
3130
16
32
8
8
6.23
5.04
6.23
6.23
3.04
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
28.035
23.184
23.300
22.428
14.470
10.035
9.855
9.293
8.730
8.168
7.605
7.043
448.560
741.888
186.400
179.424
159.170
80.280
39.420
37.172
34.920
32.672
30.420
28.172
1556.272 kg
22.014 kg
(SD295)
814.384 kg
741.888 kg
159.170 kg
283.056 kg
22.014 kg
2020.512 kg
442.226 kg
11
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
D29
D32
D22
D19
D16
1
2
3
4
5
D16 1000 1.56 1.560 6.240413
D16 1050 1.56 1.638 4.914314
D16 1160 1.56 1.810 10.860615
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
φ length(mm)no. Shapethe
numberUnit weight(kg/m)
a piece of weight
(kg)Weight( kg )
D29
D25
D29
D29
D22
D19
D19
D19
D19
D19
D19
D19
4140
4360
3420
3310
4420
4130
4090
3840
3580
3330
3070
2820
16
32
8
8
5.04
3.98
5.04
5.04
3.04
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
20.866
17.353
17.237
16.682
13.437
9.293
9.203
8.640
8.055
7.493
6.908
6.345
333.856
555.296
137.896
133.456
147.807
74.344
36.812
34.560
32.220
29.972
27.632
25.380
1160.504 kg
20.656 kg
605.208 kg
555.296 kg
147.807 kg
260.920 kg
20.656 kg
1589.887 kg
408.727 kg
11
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
D25
D29
D22
D19
D16
1
2
3
4
5
D16 910 1.56 1.420 5.680413
D16 1000 1.56 1.560 4.680314
D16 1100 1.56 1.716 10.296615
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SubTotal
(SD295)
Total
no. φ length(mm)
thenumber
Unit weight(kg/m)
a piece of weight
(kg)Weight( kg ) Shape
SubTotal
Total
■Reinforcement for Haunch
φ thenumber
Basic Design
Calculation of Required Mass
In general, the required mass is calculated by using the following Hudson formula:
●KD Value of Dolos
Random placement Damage ratio 0 to 1 % 20
BreakwaterTrunk
KDCondition Position
Hudson Formula
Recently, the “Hudson Formula with the Stability Number (Ns)” has become popular in ports and harbors design.
(“Technical Standards and Commentaries for Port and Harbour Facilities in Japan”, http://www.ocdi.or.jp/en/technical-st-en.html)
Hudson Formula with the Stability Number (Ns)
Inclination of Slope
1:1.3 1.43
3.881:4/3 1.46
1:1.5 1.58
● Coefficients that are determined
by the inclination of the Dolosse
Equation(1) is an expression obtained by replacing Ns by KD・cotα in Equation(2).
The following equation for wave-dissipating concrete blocks that are randomly placed in all the front face of an upright wall
have been proposed. In this formulation, various wave and structural conditions can be taken into account.
The value of H1/20/H1/3 in Eq.4 can be obtained by the diagram prepared in the Technical Standards.
(Technical Standards for Port and Harbor Facilities and their Explanations).
Where M : Mass of Dolos (t)
ρr : Density of Dolos (2.36 t/㎥) Sr : Specific gravity of Dolos to the seawater (ρr / ρw) ρw : Density of sea water (ρw = 1.03 t/㎥) H : Design wave height (m)
KD : Stability constant determined by the shape of the armor units
and the damage ratio (KD = 20)
α : Angle of the slope from the horizontal line
Eg.(1)
Where M : Mass of Dolos (t)
ρr : Density of Dolos (2.36 t/㎥) Sr : Specific gravity of Dolos to the seawater (ρr / ρw) ρw : Density of sea water (ρw = 1.03 t/㎥) H : Design wave height (m)
Ns : Stability number determined by the shape of
the armor unit, slope angle and degree of damage
Where CH : Coefficient of wave breaking
(CH = 1.0 in the case of non-breaking wave)
NO : Degree of damage that is presented by the number of
damaged blocks on width of representative diameter of the
block (in the direction of the breakwater alignment)
N : Number of wave attack
a, b : Coefficients that depend on the shape of the concrete
block and the slope angle. (please refer to the following table)
●80ton
■Main Reinforcement
■Shear Reinforcement
■Table for Reinforcing Bars
Eg.(2)
Eg.(3)
Eg.(4)
3no.
D41
D35
D41
D25
D22
D22
D22
D22
D22
D22
D22
5300
5430
3310
5690
5280
5020
4760
4500
4240
3980
3720
16
32
8
10.5
7.51
10.5
3.98
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.04
55.650
40.779
34.755
22.646
16.051
15.261
14.470
13.680
12.890
12.099
11.309
890.400
1304.928
278.040
294.398
64.204
61.044
57.880
54.720
51.560
48.396
45.236
1168.440 kg
1304.928 kg
294.398 kg
512.664 kg
3280.430 kg
2473.368 kg
(SD345)
807.062 kg
13
D22 5330 3.04 16.203 129.6248
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
D35
D41
D25
D22
123
54
6789101112
SubTotal
Total
φ Length(mm)
Unit weight(kg/m) ShapeTotal weight
( kg )Weight(kg)
Number
Confidence and Achievements
Tokunoshima Kametoku Port
●Owner
●Year Built
●Tonnage
●Design Wave
: Kagoshima Prefecture.
: 1977・1978
: 50 ton
: Ho=11.80m,To=16.80s
Plan view Cross section
Typical Sectional Dimensions
The required number is calculated by using the following equation:
Typical inclination is 1 : (1.3~1.5)
Calculation of Required Number
Upright Wall
Sloping Type Breakwater
●Dimensions (Typical slope angles)
●The dimensions above are default values. Please contact us for other desighs.
B’
3 rows width
1:1.3B
Type (t)
units in m
8.640
9.350
10.9
13.0
14.0
16.4
7.1
7.7
9.0
1:4/3
7.3
7.8
9.1
1:1.5
7.8
8.4
9.8
B’
4 rows width
1:1.3B
17.3
18.7
21.8
11.4
12.4
14.4
1:4/3
11.6
12.5
14.5
1:1.5
12.1
13.1
15.280
●Dimensions (Typical slope angles)
Thickness
of two layerB’
2 rows width
1:1.3B
Type (t)
units in m
8.640
9.350
10.9
8.6
9.3
10.9
5.7
6.1
7.2
1:4/3
5.7
6.2
7.3
1:1.5
6.0
6.5
7.6
B’
2 rows width
1:1.3B
13.0
14.0
16.4
10.1
10.8
12.7
1:4/3
10.1
10.9
12.8
1:1.5
10.4
11.2
13.180
B
B’1:(1.3~1.5) 1:(1.3~1.5)
B
1:(1.3~1.5) 1:(1.3~1.5)
●Two layer placementB
B’1:(1.3~1.5)
●Entire cross-section placementB
1:(1.3~1.5)
Thickness
of two layer
●Entire cross-section placement●Two layer placement
Thickness
of two layer
Where N : Required Number of Dolosse V : Volume to be filled with Dolosse (㎥) v : Volume of a Dolos (㎥) P : Porosity (57.5%)
Thickness
of two layer
MAP
: Okinawa General Bureau
: 1981~
: 50 ton
: Ho=11.50m,To=15.10s
: H1/3=10.70m,T1/3=15.10s
Naha Port New port breakwater(No.1)
: Okinawa General Bureau
: 1980
: 40 ton、50 ton
: Ho=11.50m,To=15.10s
: H1/3=9.70m,T1/3=15.10s
Naha Port New port breakwater(No.1)
Naha Port Urazoe breakwater(No.1)
●Owner
●Year Built
●ton type
●design wave
●Owner
●Year Built
●ton type
●design wave
Plan view Plan viewCross section Cross section
Locality
map
Locality
map
Fabrication Process
Assembly needs support frames.
Reinforcing bar assembly
Concrete pouring
Mold assembly
Mold removal
Completion