Figure S1 Mean and 95% confidence interval for the mean of tumor protein 53 (p53; Fig.S1a), mouse double minute 2 (MDM2; Fig.S1b), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4; Fig.S1c), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1; Fig.S1d), and leptin (LEP; Fig.S1e) gene expressions in omental (OM) adipose tissue from non-obese and obese subjects with (striped bars) and without (plane bars) insulin resistance. * p<0.05, and # p<0.0001 for comparisons between metabolically compromised subjects and the control group (non-obese subjects with NGT).

p=0.04p=0.08

p=0.009

Figure S2 Upper panels: mean and 95% confidence interval for the mean of total p53 (Fig.S2a), phosphorylated p53 (P-p53; Fig.S2b, and acetylated p53 (A-p53; Fig.S2c) in omental (OM) adipose tissue from non-obese, obese, and obese subjects with T2D. Lower panels: linear relationships between body mass index (kg/m2) and total p53 (Fig.S2d), phosphorylated p53 (P-p53; Fig.S2e), and acetylated p53 (A-p53; Fig.S2f) in omental fat from volunteers with NGT (blue circles). Red diamonds represent data from omental fat from obese patients with T2D.

Figure S3 Mean ± 2.0 SE for the mean of total p53 protein levels (Fig.S4a) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during in vitro differentiation, and gene expression (Fig.S4b) in mature adipocytes treated with LPS. * p<0.05 for comparisons with pre-adipocytes/non-treated cells.

Figure S4 Surgery-induced weight loss modifications of p53 (Fig.S3a), MDM2 (Fig.S3b), GLUT4 (Fig.S3c), IRS1 (Fig.S3d), and LEP (Fig.S3e) gene expression. Further anthropometric and clinical modifications are shown in Supplementary Table S1.

Figure S5 Effects of metformin (Metf) in ex vivo treated explants of subcutaneous adipose tissue.