p thomas a (r unece oct 26 & 27 2021 - wiki.unece.org
TRANSCRIPT
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« AUTOMOTIVE IN SOUNDSCAPE »FUTURE OF PASS BY NOISE REGULATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON CITY LIFE
PRESENTED BY THOMAS ANTOINE (RENAULT) TO :UNECE OCT 26TH & 27TH 2021
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Worgroup purpose
« Our purpose is to better understand and analyze the noise emission regulation applied to the
automotive OEM and suppliers as NVH experts, embracing a broad vision : from noise sources to
the environmental acoustics and urban soundscape »
Workgroup members :
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Context :
Objectives of the Pass-By Noise Regulation
Our understanding of Pass-by noise regulation purposes :
Environmental protection
Public Health and Safety
Improve Quality of life
In a word : progress – and progress has a meaning if itis shared by everyone
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Regulation panorama :for Vehicles / Tires / Roads
50 KpH and run up mixLevel not dependent on Tire width
Run up(acceleration)
Constantspeed
limitdependent on
Yes 50 kph Nothing
No 80 kph Tire widht
No 40 kph ?
T°Ccorrection
No
Yes
Inconsistencies between all these standards
R117
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Regulation panorama :Noise in the Environment
Modelling and mappingShort- or long-termmeasurements
Population survey
Directive 2002/49/CE
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Action scope Environment controlRegulatory Source control
Global mindmap
Car construction
Modelled Environment
Tire construction
Road construction
car usage
homologation
R51R117
Declaration
ISO11819
Real tire state
Real road state
Human perception& annoyance
dBA
Real car usage
Road category
Sonie, harshness, loudness…
Real environment
City layout Real layout
City traffic organization Real traffic
Traffic regulations Real behavior
Rolling/traction split
Real weatherWeather corrections
2002/49/CE
CN
OSS
OS
Weather cond. & corr.
ISO 10844
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Action scope Environment controlRegulatory Source control
1st step Review real usage with R51 Homologation
Car construction
Modelled Environment
Tire construction
Road construction
car usage
homologation
R51R117
Declaration
ISO11819
Real tire state
Real road state
Human perception& annoyance
dBA
Real car usage
Road category
Sonie, harshness, loudness…
Real environment
City layout Real layout
City traffic organization Real traffic
Traffic regulations Real behavior
Rolling/traction split
Real weatherWeather corrections
2002/49/CE
CN
OSS
OS
Weather cond. & corr.
ISO 10844
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Action scope Environment controlRegulatory Source control
2nd step : review consistency between UN-R51/R117
Car construction
Modelled Environment
Tire construction
Road construction
car usage
homologation
R51R117
Declaration
ISO11819
Real tire state
Real road state
Human perception& annoyance
dBA
Real car usage
Road category
Sonie, harshness, loudness…
Real environment
City layout Real layout
City traffic organization Real traffic
Traffic regulations Real behavior
Rolling/traction split
Real weatherWeather corrections
2002/49/CE
CN
OSS
OS
Weather cond. & corr.
ISO 10844
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Action scope Environment controlRegulatory Source control
3rd step : review metrics
Car construction
Modelled Environment
Tire construction
Road construction
car usage
homologation
R51R117
Declaration
ISO11819
Real tire state
Real road state
Human perception& annoyance
dBA
Real car usage
Road category
Sonie, harshness, loudness…
Real environment
City layout Real layout
City traffic organization Real traffic
Traffic regulations Real behavior
Rolling/traction split
Real weatherWeather corrections
2002/49/CE
CN
OSS
OS
Weather cond. & corr.
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THE TYPES OF NOISE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST ANNOYING AMONG TRANSPORT NOISE
Annoying noise sourcesIDF
2 wheelers Horns Passenger car Truck & bus
Aircraft Railway Other
32 32 32 32 31 32 32 31 3328 31 28
37
18
29
20 23
10
2921 22 19
109 12
10
15
11
1413
17
11
1216 16
10
19 18
17
9
10
99
9
10
107 10
8
8 9
10
4
3
44
3
3
6 33
4
4 3
2
103
7 6
16
37 8 7
28
1714
9
9 98 8 9
9 8 8 8 7 910 10
3 3 6 5 5 3 4 5 4 5 3 6 5
0%
50%
100%
Autres types de
bruits
Circulations
ferroviaires
Survols d’aéronefs
Bus et cars
Poids lourds et
véhicules utilitaires
Véhicules
particuliers
Avertisseurs
sonores
Véhicules 2 roues
motorisés
Others
Railway
Overflight of aircraft
Buses & coaches
Heavy trucks an commercial vehiclesPassenger cars
Horns
2-wheels motorized
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Noise annoyance update : The after lockdown for COVID Impact
COVID did provide an unprecedented real life masking experiment / below are BRUIPARIF data for
« Ile de France » on percieved annoyance, after lockdown upon economical restart, a survey was
conducted :
49% of the annoyance is linked to road traffic in which passenger cars represents 25% of the annoyance
=> 13% of total annoyance linked to car traffics
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The world we are stepping into
• Smart cities: connectivity,
collaborative systems, traffic
management, big data…
• Health and safety , quality of
life is priority
• Hazardous Pollution
monitoring (noise, radio, air
quality…)
• Cheap sensors
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Distributed instruments, participative maps…
A sound level meter in every pocket ?
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Example of smart noise monitoring
Noise « peak events » in a Paris boulevard in 2016 (source : Bruiparif), and their contribution to
LAeq
80% of events are Horns, Sirens, 2 wheelers and trucks
2/3 of noise level is made by events
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C o n t r i b u t i o n o f n o i s e p e a k s t o L A E Q o v e r 1 m o n t h i n 9 0 m e a s u r e m e n t
p o i n t s i n P a r i s .
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The noise radar
We can foresee a large spread of such technologies financed by fines
Meaning also that detailed soundscape data are available, and generalized noise event participation
precise measurement.
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We already know that R51 72 or 74 dBA Vehicles in pass by are not major sources today
Range ofPass by level at constant speed
of passenger cars
Contribution to global LAeq
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1970 1980 1988 1995 2016 2020 2024
Car 82 80 77 74 72 70 68
Bus 91 85 83 80 80 78 77
Heavy truck 91 88 84 82 82 81 79
8280
7774
7270
68
91
8583
80 8078 77
9188
8482 82 81
79
6366697275788184879093
DB
A
Timeline of Lurban for vehicles
=
=
URBAN GROUND
VEHICLE SOUNDSCAPE
Analysis of regulation limits over time :→ UN-R-51-03UN-R-51-02 →
In 2024 in France :Number of trucks x Lurban trucks > Number of cars x Lurban of cars
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Trying to link R 51 Homologation with CNOSSOS for M1 vehicles
is Homologation representative of real usage ? Of real modeling ?
R51 CNOSSOS
Accelerated(f(PMR))
Constant speed(50 kPH)
Iso Track
All accelerations
All Constant speed
R1/R2/R3
Vehicleoperation
Externalcondition
Temperaturecorrection
Flat Flat or Slope
Tires Standard (no stud)
CNOSSOS real use
Not usedsystematically
All Constant speed
R1/R2/R3
Flat or Slope
Temperaturecorrection
Link ?
50 Kph point
Avg Iso = R1 ??
Flat
Strong influence on tire noise !
Very weak or no connection between vehicle homologation and source descriptionYet good correlation between computed maps and measurements
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Possible consequences
of the global misalignment
Everyone (Car makers and public policies) worked to comply, but citizen complains
And regulations on source becomes tougher for no real effect
Pass by noise
regulation
Strategic noise maps
Public policies, speed,
barriers…
Real soundscape
Complaints
Public authorities
More stringentlimits
Compliance to R051
Cost, safetytradeoffs
R51R51 E.N.D. WORLD
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2024➔ :68 dB(Phase 3)
➔2024 :70 dB(Phase 2)
➔2020 :72 dB(Phase 1)
Technical insight for future Pass-By Noise Regulation (R051) :
Tire/road interaction contribution (for the full PBN test)
≈25% fromTire/Road contact
≈90% fromTire/Road contact
≈50% fromTire/Road contact
≈90% fromTire/Road contact
≈70% fromTire/Road contact
≈90% fromTire/Road contact
(on ISO Tracks in homologation conditions for mean vehicle & mean tire)Source : Renault, 2020
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Tire trade-offs : ACEA/OICA sudy
There is a hard limit to tire/road interaction noise➔ Tradeoff with safety (wet grip, braking…) and emission (C02, Particles)
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Tire main tradeoff for noise is Safety
Slick tire is the asymptote for the noise coming from tire sculpture
Void ratio is essential for safety (wet braking and aquaplaning)
Tread pattern design
for a summer tire
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EXAMPLES OF ROAD IMPROVEMENTS FOLLOWED BY BRUITPARIFInstallation of anti-noise road surfaces
Parisian ring road Pte de Vincennes
Change of road
surface
Max. speed
limited to 70km/h +0,66dB(A) per year
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Road noise assessment from vehicles compliant to
future PBN requirements on real roads
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Road surface & wear impact
Source : CEREMA / DEUFRABASE data
Sigma (road type + state) = 4,2 dBISO track = best road then 50% chance that real world = +8dB
13dB
=ISO Track
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Results : projected levels for nominal
vehicle @ Constant Rolling Speed
Levels are dropping of 1,25 dB on ISO track for each regulation step, And about 1 dB for all kind of
roads (at 50 kph steady speed) / Source : WG SIA 2020
60,0
62,0
64,0
66,0
68,0
70,0
72,0
74,0
76,0
78,0
80,0
82,0
84,0
ISO
Tra
ck
BB
TM 0
/4
BB
Dr
0/6
BB
M 0
/6
BB
UM
0/6
BB
Dr
0/1
0
BB
DR
0/1
4
BB
TM 0
/6 T
ype
1
BB
TM 0
/6 T
ype
2
BB
TM 0
/10
Typ
e 2
BB
TM 0
/8 t
ype
1
BB
M 0
/10
BB
SG 0
/10
BB
TM 0
/10
Typ
e 1
BB
UM
0/1
0
ECF
ES 4
/6
ES 6
/8
BB
SG 0
/14
BB
TM 0
/14
BC
ES 6
/10
ES 1
0/1
4
LAm
ax(d
BA
)
Emission of 72,70 and 68 dB compliant vehicles on real roads
Min L=72 Max L=72 Min L=70
Max L=70 Min L=68 Max L=68
Total L=72 Total L=70 Total L=68
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
ISO
Tra
ck
BB
TM 0
/4
BB
Dr
0/6
BB
M 0
/6
BB
UM
0/6
BB
Dr
0/10
BB
DR
0/1
4
BB
TM 0
/6 T
ype
1
BB
TM 0
/6 T
ype
2
BB
TM 0
/10
Typ
e 2
BB
TM 0
/8 t
ype
1
BB
M 0
/10
BB
SG 0
/10
BB
TM 0
/10
Typ
e 1
BB
UM
0/1
0
ECF
ES 4
/6
ES 6
/8
BB
SG 0
/14
BB
TM 0
/14
BC
ES 6
/10
ES 1
0/1
4
Glo
bal
no
ise
red
uct
ion
@50
kP
H(d
BA
)
Drop 70 to 68
Drop 72 to 70
Fren
ch
Ref
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Assesment of impact of compliant vehicles on
real roads @ constant rolling speed
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
ISO
Tra
ck
BB
TM 0
/4
BB
Dr
0/6
BB
M 0
/6
BB
UM
0/6
BB
Dr
0/10
BB
DR
0/1
4
BB
TM 0
/6…
BB
TM 0
/6…
BB
TM 0
/10…
BB
TM 0
/8…
BB
M 0
/10
BB
SG 0
/10
BB
TM 0
/10…
BB
UM
0/1
0
ECF
ES 4
/6
ES 6
/8
BB
SG 0
/14
BB
TM 0
/14
BC
ES 6
/10
ES 1
0/1
4Glo
bal
no
ise
red
uct
ion
@50
kP
H
Drop 70 to 68
Best tire, nominal vehicle (-2,5 ; -5 dB)Gain on ISO track : 1,2 dB/ stepGain on all roads ≈ 1dB / step
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
ISO
Tra
ck
BB
TM 0
/4
BB
Dr
0/6
BB
M 0
/6
BB
UM
0/6
BB
Dr
0/10
BB
DR
0/1
4
BB
TM 0
/6…
BB
TM 0
/6…
BB
TM 0
/10…
BB
TM 0
/8…
BB
M 0
/10
BB
SG 0
/10
BB
TM 0
/10…
BB
UM
0/1
0
ECF
ES 4
/6
ES 6
/8
BB
SG 0
/14
BB
TM 0
/14
BC
ES 6
/10
ES 1
0/1
4
Glo
bal
no
ise
red
uct
ion
@50
kP
H
Drop 70 to 68
Best tire, improved vehicle (-5 ; -8dB)Gain on ISO track : 1,5 dB – 1,2dB / step
Gain on all roads ≈ 1dB / step
Rolling noise dependancy becomes so high that even huge efforts on vehicle buildhave no impact on real roads
70%80%90%
100%
ISO
…
BB
TM…
BB
Dr
0/6
BB
M 0
/6
BB
UM
…
BB
Dr…
BB
DR
…
BB
TM…
BB
TM…
BB
TM…
BB
TM…
BB
M…
BB
SG…
BB
TM…
BB
UM
…
ECF
ES 4
/6
ES 6
/8
BB
SG…
BB
TM…
BC
ES 6
/10
ES 1
0/1
4
dependancy to tire/road interaction noise
Tire % L=72 Tire % L=70 Tire % L=68
70%80%90%
100%
ISO
Tra
ck
BB
TM 0
/4
BB
Dr
0/6
BB
M 0
/6
BB
UM
…
BB
Dr…
BB
DR
…
BB
TM…
BB
TM…
BB
TM…
BB
TM…
BB
M…
BB
SG…
BB
TM…
BB
UM
…
ECF
ES 4
/6
ES 6
/8
BB
SG…
BB
TM…
BC
ES 6
/10
ES 1
0/1
4
dependancy to tire/road interaction noise
Tire % L=72 Tire % L=70 Tire % L=68
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Global efficiency & asymptotic behavior :
Going below 68 dB is useless
72
70
68
72
70
68
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Gai
n o
n r
efer
ence
ro
ad
Gain on ISO Track
Gains at CRS 50 kph
Nominal vehicle
Improved vehicle
Best Rolling-8dB on
PWT
Best Rolling-5dB on
PWT
Best Rolling-2,5dB on
PWT
Best Rolling-5dB on
PWT
5dB on PWT, 2dB
on tire
4dB on Lurban
2,5 dB on track
2 dB on road
8dB on PWT, 2dB
on tire
4dB on Lurban
2,6 dB on track
2 dB on road
72dB
70dB
68dB EV
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Lurban reduction (dB) on ISO 10844 Track
No
ise
red
uct
ion
on
ref
ern
cero
ad (
dB
)
Asymptotic behavior
1:1
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Conclusions : real road assessments
Rolling noise is so dominant that
1) improving other sources has no effect when tire/road is at its best =>
4 dB improvement of Lurban would lead to 2dB reduction on
reference roads (-37%) way below road variability (13dB)
2) tire and vehicle already reduced and are now cin the asymptote
3) Working on road surface has a much better efficiency (-6dB) (-75%)
(see report of Bruiparif on Periphérique)