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Proceedings of the International ConferencePreventive and Planned Conservation

Monza, Mantova - 5-9 May 2014

Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazionedel patrimonio storico architettonico



Comitato scientificoCarlo Blasi, Universita di Parma, ItalyFederico Bucci, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyFausto Cardoso Martinez, University of Cuenca, EcuadorAngelo Ciribini, Universita di Brescia, ItalyNigel Dann, University of the West of England, United KingdomStefano Della Torre, Politecnico di Milano, ItalySasa Dobricic, University of Nova Gorica, SloveniaXavier Greffe, Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, FranceMassimo Montella, Universita di Macerata, ItalyElena Mussinelli, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyChristian Ost, ICHEC Brussels Management School, BelgiumAna Pereira Roders, University of Eindhoven, HollandPietro Petraroia, Eupolis Lombardia, ItalyMario Santana Quintero, Carleton University, CanadaKoenraad Van Balen, UNESCO Chair for PRECOMOS, KU Leuven, Belgium Minja Yang, RLICC, KU Leuven, BelgiumRossella Moioli, Distretto Culturale Monza e Brianza, Italy (coordinamento)

Segreteria scientifica del convegno:Maria Paola Borgarino, Stefania BossiPolitecnico di Milano, Dipartimento ABC - Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering

Atti a cura di Stefano Della TorreCuratela editoriale: Maria Paola BorgarinoImpaginazione e collaborazione alla revisione dei testi: Cristina Boniotti

Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento ABC - Architecture, Built Environment and Construction EngineeringFondazione Cariplo, progetto Distretti CulturaliDistretto Culturale Evoluto di Monza e Brianza - Provincia di Monza e della BrianzaDistretto Culturale Le Regge dei Gonzaga

Con il patrocinio della

@ 2014 Politecnico di Milano e Nardini EditoreTutti i diritti sono riservati

Copertina Ennio Bazzoni

Stampato per Nardini Editore

Le immagini contenute in questo volume sono fornite dagli autori alPolitecnico di Milano e all’editore sotto la propria esclusiva responsabilitàe sono state utilizzate per scopo didattico e per divulgazione.L’editore è disponibile a riconoscere la paternità delle immagini ad altriche la dimostrino, e a citare gli aventi diritto nelle successive edizioni.

NARDINI EDITORE



A cura di Stefano Della TorreCuratela editoriale Maria Paola Borgarino

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Sguardi ed esperienzesulla conservazionedel patrimoniostorico architettonico

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MONITORING HERITAGE VALUES: WHAT’S NEW?Ana Pereira Roders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pag. 1

ASSESSING CULTURAL CAPITAL IN PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION: TOWARDS A NEW PARADIGMFOR ECONOMICS OF CONSERVATIONChristian Ost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 11

CONSERVANDO I SEGNI DELLA MEMORIA. STRATEGIE PER IL CAMPO DI FOSSOLI (CARPI)Marco Pretelli, Andrea Ugolini, Paolo Faccio, Chiara Mariotti, Alessia Zampini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 17

VALORIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BUILT HERITAGE OF FORTIFIED TOWNS:THE CASES OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF SABBIO-NETA, ITALY,AND VISBY, SWEDENMattias Legnér, Davide Del Curto, Kristin Balksten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 29

I COLLEGI UNIVERSITARI DI GIANCARLO DE CARLO AD URBINO: DALLA PROGRAMMAZIONEDEGLI INTERVENTI ALLA COSTRUZIONE DI UNA STRATEGIA DI GESTIONEMaria Paola Borgarino, Andrea Canziani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 45

CONSERVAZIONE PREVENTIVA E PROGRAMMATA PER UN FINE COMUNE: UN’ESPERIENZA IN AMBITO LIGUREDaniela Pittaluga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 57

UN PROGETTO COLORE PER CASTIGLIONE OLONA (VA): BUONE PRATICHEPER LA VALORIZZAZIONEMargherita Bertoldi, Susanna Bortolotto, Lucia Toniolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 57

RETROFIT E PROGETTAZIONE AMBIENTALE DEGLI INSEDIAMENTI ESISTENTI:PROPOSTA DI UNA PROCEDURA STANDARDIZZATA PER LA RIQUALIFICAZIONEENERGETICA DEL PATRIMONIO EDILIZIO ESISTENTE TRA STORIA E MODERNITÀ Maria Cristina Forlani, Fabrizio Chella, Michele Lepore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 83

CONOSCENZA, CONSERVAZIONE E VALORIZZAZIONE. LE OCCASIONI OFFERTEDALLA SEDE DEL SERVIZIO BENI CULTURALI DELL’OSPEDALE MAGGIORE DI MILANOMariangela Carlessi, Paolo M. Galimberti, Alessandra Kluzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 93

RESTI E RUDERI DI STRUTTURE FORTIFICATE IN PROVINCIA DI NOVARA:STUDI PER UNA STRATEGIA DI CONSERVAZIONE E VALORIZZAZIONECarla Bartolozzi, Francesco Novelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 105

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MOBILIZATION OF HERITAGE VALUES IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED CONTEXTSIN FAVOUR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSING THE CASE STUDYOF THE NICOSIA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINALEmilia Siandou. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 119

LA DIMENSIONE DEGLI SPAZI APERTI NEL PROCESSO DI CONSERVAZIONEE VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PAESAGGIO STORICO URBANORoberto Bolici, Cristiana Giordano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 133

METODI E AZIONI PER LA VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO RURALE.IL PROGETTO DI SVILUPPO LOCALE DELLE CORTI BONORIS A MANTOVAChiara Agosti, Raffaella Riva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 143

IL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE IMMOBILIARE PUBBLICO DISMESSO: TRA VALORIZZAZIONEE CONSERVAZIONEGiusi Leali, Silvia Mirandola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 155

IL SISTEMA ITALIANO DEI PAESAGGI VITIVINICOLI: IDENTITÀ, QUALITÀ E INNOVAZIONEAlessandra Benevelli, Cristina Coscia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 165

IL SASSO E LO STAGNO: LA CONSERVAZIONE COME STRATEGIA DI VALORIZZAZIONEPER LO SVILUPPO LOCALEFrancesca Buccafurri, Sergio Raimondo, Mirella Scianda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 177

PLANNED CONSERVATION AND CULTURAL ENHANCEMENT STRATEGY:THE VESUVIUS’S UNESCO ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE MANAGEMENTMarina D’Aprile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 189

LA VALORIZZAZIONE DI EDIFICI STORICI. METODI E STRUMENTI PER ORIENTARELE STRATEGIE DI INTERVENTOMarzia Morena, Maria Luisa Del Gatto, Anna Gornati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 199

AUMENTARE IL VALORE DELL’ARCHITETTURA: UNO STRUMENTO PER LA VALUTAZIONEE IL MONITORAGGIO DEL POTENZIALE DEGLI EDIFICIAntonio Invernale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 209

MONZA: UN NUOVO RUOLO PER LE AREE DISMESSE A SUD DELLA CITTÀRaffaella Neri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 223

VILLE VENETE, UNA RISORSA PER LO SVILUPPO CULTURALE ED ECONOMICO DEL TERRITORIOLivio Petriccione, Federico Bulfone Gransinigh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 235

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IL SISTEMA DEI MULINI NEL TERRITORIO DELLE MADONIE IN SICILIA: LE RAGIONIDELLA CONSERVAZIONE E LE RAGIONI DELLA VALORIZZAZIONEAntonella Cangelosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 247

CULTURAL HERITAGE AND THE FUTURE OF TERRITORY: A PARTECIPATIVE EXPERIENCEBETWEEN MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT IN A SMALL MUNICIPALITYLOCATED IN EMILIAFlaviano Celaschi, Daniele Fanzini, Irina Rotaru, Cecilia Medri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 259

THE REINFORCEMENT OF RATIONALIST ARCHITECTURE. RAISE AWARENESSOF THIS HERITAGE’S VALUE: IDENTITYCristina del Bosch Martín . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 271

EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE PUBBLICA E CONSERVAZIONE: IL CASO DEL VILLAGGIOOLIMPICO DI ROMASimona Salvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 281

THE HALIC METRO CROSSING BRIDGE IN ISTANBUL: A BRIDGE BETWEENCONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENTEnzo Siviero, Michele Culatti, Alessandro Stocco, Viviana Martini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 293

WHAT KIND OF CONSERVATION POLICIES FOR ISLAMIC HISTORIC CITIES?Cecilia Fumagalli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 303

HISTORICAL PUNJABI CITIES AND THEIR URBAN FABRIC TRANSFORMATIONIN THE CONTEMPORARY ERADaniele Beacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 313

SAFEGUARDING HISTORIC URBAN WATERFRONT IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.MOSUL OLD CITY AS A CASE STUDYEmad Hani Ismaeel, Nahith Taha Alkaymaqchi, Mumtaz Hazim Aldewachi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 325

HISTORIC BUILDING VALORISATION IN THE CONSERVATION PROCESS IN JAKARTATeguh Utomo Atmoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 343

FROM COOPERATIVE WORK TO A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH FOR A DYNAMICAND RESPONSIBLE APPROPRIATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: CASE OF SCHOOLPROJECT OF CREATION OF ART WORKS CENTER AND HERITAGE OF PORTO-NOVOTOWN (BENIN)Gbénahou Roch Alfred A. Kiki, Kiki Mahoutin Richard, Alexandre Mascarenhas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 353

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THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY IN THE RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE:A CASE STUDY OF NAM PHO TRUNG COMMUNAL HOUSE (PHU THUONG COMMUNE,PHU VANG DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM)Nguyen Thang Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 367

ARMONIZZARE I PRINCIPI EUROPEI DI CONSERVAZIONE E RESTAURO DEI BENI CULTURALICON NECESSITÀ E RISORSE DELLA CULTURA CINESE. TUTELA, SVILUPPO E AUTENTICITÀNELL’APPROCCIO CINESE ALLA CONSERVAZIONE.Alessandro Pergoli Campanelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 379

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HISTORICAL PUNJABI CITIES AND THEIR URBAN FAB-RIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA

Daniele Beacco Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction

Engineering

Abstract

Historical cities across the Islamic countries represent the widest complex

of cultural homogeneous urban settlements in the world. Safeguarding

historical cities in developing countries like Pakistan requires a particular

attention towards complex and unexpected political socio-cultural events.

The historical Pakistani cities are nowadays touched by a growing

transformation process that are affecting many of their ancient sites and

surroundings that are spreading with an unplanned strategy, from the

dangerous perspective of endless resources. In this context it appears necessary

to gain flexible urban analysis planning instruments in order to acquire a wide

knowledge on a vast architectural heritage with the characteristic of adaptability

along with the multilevel management stages of surveys and projects.

Historic buildings contain the collective memory and their decline

represents a loss of our identity. Some examples will identify how to contrast

this annihilation process through the increasing awareness of the citizen

involving local students and collaborations with the local municipalities in order

to analyze the city with the traditional and advanced tools for an integrated

urban methodology analysis.

This contribution presents results of recent studies conducted by the

author during the doctoral period concerning the Pakistani Punjab region and

Multan city, analyzing the survey strategy and tools, taking into account a

multidisciplinary method, local and international policies able to involve local

resources, and increasing the local awareness regarding challenges in urban

conservation and new design perspective in historical centers with attention to

energy conservation.

Old cities in transformation

“The architectural Islamic heritage which reflects the message of the holy Quran

throughout the centuries and by a variety of nations, united by the idea of umma (the Islamic

community), counts as one of the most important achievements of mankind’s cultural heritage”

(Bianca, 1980: 1).

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Pakistan is part of this extended Islamic world and the preservation of its

historical centers is now considered a great challenge due to the increasing

dynamic processes that cause the decomposition of the old city structures. The

latest city transformations are producing vast demolition of precious building

artifacts not recognized as an evocative repository of memories, knowledge and

identity. The Punjab, as one of the region where the demographic pressure are

influencing its city transformations, includes part of a vast architectural heritage

that needs to be preserved for future generations. It is an integrated part of the

Islamic world heritage that is considered “the largest and most complex of numerous

culturally homogeneous historic towns on the entire planet, spread over a vast region of three

continents which often constitute the backbone of essential urban ruins which remain readable,

even where they meet other, newer forms of urbanization” (Cuneo, 1986: 7).

In this vulnerable context the interest in architecture and urban planning is

quite a new subject and the historical elements on which it is possible to under-

stand the physical spatial planning and their morphological patterns are repre-

sented by just a few recent studies, unable to determine the character of city, its

establishment, historical developments, use of local techniques and materials in

relation to the local climate and the relationship among the different urban

patterns of other Punjabi cities (Fig. 1). The existing situation does not facilitate

the attempt to investigate these architectural aspects because of the economic

pressures that are threatening old artifacts with demolition and new impersonal

constructions (in terms of typology, proportions and materials). Uninterrupted

and incremental transformations, growth and evolutions are integral aspects of

these Punjabi towns, but now the transition from traditional economy to mod-

ern development defines dynamic changes due to large scale commercial devel-

opment.

Besides these economic and social influences, the lack of sensitivity toward

the old city and a real understanding of its heritage character are creating warns

among local and international researchers about the survival of the urban

structure considered as a complex old artifact remained almost intact till now.

In order to draw the attention towards the preservation of ancient settlements,

the author Abdul Rehman, one of the few contemporary researchers of urban

studies across the Punjab cities, wrote that “towns and settlements are the most

precious collective inventions of civilization. They represent the three dimensional physical

forms, collective, socio cultural and ideological values and attitudes and are thus second only to

language in the transmission of culture” (Rehman, 1997: 283).

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The Legislation framework in Pakistan

The conservation of the cultural heritage in Pakistan started during the

British occupation with the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904 (AMP

act) as a logical culmination of a half century of experience gained in archeological surveys,

excavation, conservation of monuments and epigraphical research. It was designed to provide

effective protection to monuments and moveable antiquities and to regulate excavations

(Mughal, 1998: 2). In 1968 the replacement of AMP act by the Antiquity Act

redefined the age threshold of a building considering ancient those that were

built before May 1857, under the supervision of the Department of

Archeology. The Antiquities Act of 1968 was replaced with another one of

1975, amended in 1990; it defined an ancient building when it was more than

75 years old and new construction for the preservation of antiquities asks the

respect of the preserved area within a distance of 200 feet. Besides this Act the

government of Punjab introduced its own legislation named “The Punjab

Special Premises (Preservation) Ordinance” in 1985. The Federal Government

has the responsibility for the conservation of the cultural heritage, but at the

same time, some provinces created lists of monuments that have to be

preserved. There are no conflicts regarding the management of conservation

projects between federal Departments of Archeology and other non-

governmental organizations.

The formation of local institutions focused on cultural heritage

conservation has been a result of the opening of the subject of archeology for

monument preservation and recent city Masterplans are involving numerous

stakeholders creating the base for the development of studies and conservation

projects: “So far, the transfer of the management and control of two world heritage sites, the

Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens, to the Punjab government appears to be successful.

There is a visible change in the presentation and maintenance of these monuments. A

concerted effort was made to prepare conservation projects on scientific lines based on detailed

study and investigation of the monuments and documenting them” (Zaman, 2011). Besides

the recent efforts to align the local policies with international standards, the

British method and traditions in studying and preserving ancient artifacts

remains the fundamentally recognized important theoretical procedure: “The

tradition of publishing results of excavations, conservations, epigraphy and numismatic

research and acquisitions of antiquities by the museums under the control of the federal

government has unfortunately been not maintained to that degree of excellence and promptness

which was seen during the British Indian times”(Zaman, 2011). In addition to these

efforts the situation in some overpopulated city areas is critical due to the

difficulties to remove encroachments, and to deal with bureaucratic processes.


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The local municipalities are making a great effort in managing and re-

connecting the urban parts and making an order across extended unplanned

areas. The numerous attempts of beautification promoted by the municipalities

demonstrate the increasing willingness for city betterment. The results are

sometimes a series of demolition of minor architecture that contrasts with the

aim of conservation of old artifacts; that happen also because some decisions

are supported by an uncertain institutional framework and these radical urban

transformation events underline the different processes of Western countries

and approaches of Eastern countries along the issue of Cultural heritage

preservation.

The City Analysis Methodological approach

A pilot area of 7 hectares inside the Walled City of Multan (central Punjab)

became the work field, an initial place to draw the first property and

architectural map of the Mohalla Bherian Wala and Gilanian, an extended

neighborhood close to the walls on the south side of the old city. The analytical

approach was promoted inside a specific pilot area in order to focus and testify

the complexity of urban studies and its measurement so as to address further

decisions and planning for a wider project of revitalization extended across the

historic core of Multan (Bruno, 2014: 163).

The only existing map 1:2000 scale discovered at the local Multan

Development Authority revealed the impossibility to use it as a comprehensive

urban map and its geo-referenced base for further and more detailed urban

analysis. No other aerial map was collected before and the difficulties in

understanding this detailed city could be addressed starting with a complex

strategy of surveys with traditional and high tech methods.

Without any reliable document and map the metrical survey, as a

fundamental activity and instrument for the architectural comprehension of the

city, started thanks to a group of students of the local University Bahauddin

Zakarya of Multan within the research team of Politecnico di Milano, drawing

on a clean slate the urban form of the old city of Multan. The all

multidisciplinary survey measurements had the fundamental characteristic of

being an ensemble of gradual improvement of the new urban map creation.

The first step of the survey was organized by a free hand drawing map sketch

and consequently a traditional metric survey with the urban nucleus

interpolating their boundaries with a detailed satellite map. The second part was

devoted to the match of the preliminary metrical measurement with the

topographic survey and its instrument supported by the Aga Khan Trust for

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Culture and at the end with the use of the laser scanner. Beside these

measurements a collateral GIS survey has been developed in order to create the

information and spatial matrix for research urban computing. The methodology

covered a wide range of tools and survey techniques starting from traditional

measurements to survey innovation like LiDAR.

Along the first phase the students were lead by the author of this article

across the city outlining on a satellite image the shape of the macro urban block

and the bazaar roads. The mapping activity promotes the comprehension of the

city through the senses, observing carefully with the help of sensory cognition

without, at the first stages, the necessity of a precise topographic metrical

analysis but fostering the students’ attention toward the capability of

understanding the structural and compositional logic of the old city. Sketching

the urban fabric, the street layout, the building tissue, and the house type

promoted an educational experience based more on active understanding rather

than passive explanation. The training based on free hand drawings gave the

opportunity to look intently and described the physical reality, tracking of the

morphology of the city starting from the definition of macro areas and in detail

the single architectural artifact (Fig. 2). Drawings were therefore spotlighted as

a fundamental analysis, where the process of knowing the urban organism and

its element was proposed by Durand; “in the relation of the parts to the whole a

sequence of relationship is established in the built object. The architectural materials are first

organized to form structure such as walls, framing and roofing. These in turn are used to form

rooms, the rooms grouped together to form buildings, and the building grouped to create blocks,

and so until a city is built” (Petruccioli, 2007: 29).

The observation and drawings of the urban space go beyond the mere

functional classification; we determined maps of buildings with their shape and

dimension relations, highlighting the architectural quality instead of their mere

functions (Fig. 3). The building use has a more dynamic transformation

compared to the architectural shape and that fact does not determine a full

scale comprehension of the city identity as a tangible data. This meticulous

method that underlines how to understand the urban fabric, the city and its

territory became a detailed analytic tool to better understand the Punjab region,

its unique architectural characteristics and the cultural Koinè.

The survey became detailed, based on the topographic methods, surveying

the roads and determining their hierarchy, typical inside an Islamic city, where

the connectivity is described by a gradual passage from a public to the private

space. The survey of eight houses inside an old city (Fig. 4) determined the

revelation of precise construction codes with the permanence of a small central


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courtyard as a wind catcher and the discovery cavities similar to elongated

chimneys for natural ventilation made this place a unique architecture field.

The role of this educational program was an important experience that

allows the transmission of a new vocabulary and the information diffusion of

the international conservation doctrine. We address our activity in filling the

gap between cultural visions on preserving the cultural heritage analyzing the

urban space introducing theories and best practices in similar contexts. The

information exchange was also based on traditional building techniques and the

use of local material through a series of interviews involving the local building

workers as subject matter experts of traditional construction procedures that

have never been mentioned in any document, as an essential source of

information for preservation projects.

The urban analysis has the objective of considering the city as a whole

cultural and architectural heritage with transversal and multidisciplinary analysis,

“not privilege the exception of monuments, but the everyday fabric, is the re-evaluation of the

notion of building: either as traditional technical expertise that has disappeared or as dwelling

as minor architecture. Technical expertise has disappeared, not because it is obsolete, but

because it has been driven out of the market by new materials” (Petruccioli, 2007: 19).

The GIS survey has been interrelated to the previous analytical activities

and was carried out as an instrument of Urban Analysis, interpolated with the

analytical drawings able to define the urban structure of the Walled City. The

data collection has been structured following a specific form sheet in order to

determine essential issues regarding the numbers of inhabitants, access to

domestic infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas, sewer and its related

quality standards. Besides comprehensive issues regarding the building dating,

building typology and construction materials, the survey also took into account

the elementary building type. With this kind of direct studies the GIS format

enriched the number of aspects and architectural characteristics due to daily

discoveries regarding soil morphology and the form of the city, the structure of

roads and the presence of bazaars (Bruno, 2014: 166).

Additionally, to the traditional metric survey, we integrated the urban

studies with the use of LiDAR technology, detailing and making faster and

more precise our data harvesting; “the advantage does not rely only on time saving, but

mostly on accuracy and management of digital data. Digital tools and media offer many new

opportunities for collecting and disseminating information about heritage sites” (Guzzetti,

Cattaneo, Tucci, Fiorini, Conti, 2014: 113).

Using this machinery reduced the permanence on the field and gave the

possibility to determine the level of survey precision referring to requirements

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and needs. It reveals one of the most adaptable methodologies in environment

that requires an immediate intervention, rapidity and accuracy in its spatial and

geometrical quality.

Conclusion

This type of survey became the most suitable method to collect data in a

complicated environment, as the city and its constant crowdedness does not

allow a permanence for long survey campaigns. Besides this fast and even

precise tool, the combination with traditional metric survey creates an

innovative integrated method of urban analysis, where a fast harvesting of

information given by LiDAR technology and the traditional metrical survey

house by house delivered an essential database for a detailed city map and the

basic layer where it was possible to introduce a GIS structure and database. The

further positive contribution of a fast survey and a slow survey has been given by

the collaboration with the local technicians and the university students in

compiling the GIS data. This collaboration and tool integration was an

occasion to produce some theoretical reflection upon architecture and heritage,

its knowledge and future management conservation in a specific area where

these topics have recently started to be discussed widely.

This experience attempts to give an example of how a conservation project

could be shared across different technical disciplines and among different

stakeholders. The project attitude towards a wide sharing, aimed primarily at

the approach of a complete human development, promotes education as an

essential driver for a preventive and planned conservation. We work to make

the new generation aware of their profession in a vulnerable country, sharing

with them the duty to be the custodians of strategic knowledge, encouraging

their scientific research activity, aiming for the creation of local theoretical

independence, but still interacting thought, regarding the preservation of the

shared world architectural heritage.

Bibliographic references

Bianca S. (1980), Historic Islamic City Centers and Outstanding

Monuments to be Safeguarded, Symposium on Conservation and Restoration of the

Islamic Architectural Heritage, UNESCO (11 February 1980).

Bruno F. (2014), The Walled City of Mulatan: Characters of the Settlement

Structure and GIS as an Instrument of Urban Analysis. In Del Bo A., Bignami

D. F. (eds.), Sustainable Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan

City. A Multidisciplinary Italian-Pakistani Project. Springer.


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Cuneo P. (1986), Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo islamico. Bari: Editori Laterza.

Guzzetti F., Cattaneo N., Tucci G., Fiorini L., Conti A. (2014), Ground

Survey: An Integrated Survey for Urban and Architectural Heritage

Conservation and Management. In Del Bo A., Bignami D. F. (eds.), Sustainable

Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan City. A Multidisciplinary

Italian-Pakistani Project. Springer.

Mughal R. (1998), Heritage Legislation in Pakistan, The World Heritage News-

letter, April-June.

Petruccioli A. (2007), After amnesia: learning from the Islamic Mediterranean urban

fabric. Bari: ICAR.

Rehman A. (1997), Historic Towns of Punjab: Ancient and Mediaeval Period. La-

hore: Ferozsons.

Zaman M. (2011), Laws governing heritage. Heritage Preservation in

Pakistan, Dawn, August 28, 2011. Accessed April 3, 2014. URL:

www.dawn.com/news/653382/excerpt-laws-governing-heritage.

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