Referencing Oxford (Footnotes) Referencing

L. Watts (Librarian)December 2014

Definitions References – sources referred to

in your written work. A bibliography – a list, in

alphabetical order by author’s surname, of all the sources you consulted, whether you used them or not.

Benefits Acknowledges the work of other writers and researchers. Demonstrates the body of knowledge on which you have

based your work. Enables other researchers to verify the source and follow

up. Prevents accusations of plagiarism. Source: Marsden, J. (2011) The benefits of successful

referencing: applying Harvard conventions [PowerPoint presentation]. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/MarsdenTherapy/the-benefits-of-harvard-referencing (Accessed: 7 Dec. 2014).

Plagiarism …

... means passing off other people’s work as your own.

Plagiarism You must give credit whenever you use:

Another person’s idea, opinion or theory Any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings – any pieces of

information – that are not common knowledge Quotations of another person’s actual spoken or written

words; or paraphrase of another person’s spoken or written words.

Source: Indiana University, Bloomington (2011) Plagiarism: what it is and how to recognize it and avoid it. Available at: http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml (Accessed: 7 December 2014)

When to start?At the beginning of your research.

Choose a style Does your school or university insist on a

house style? Ask your teacher. Choose a style – APA (American Psychological

Association); MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association); Vancouver; Harvard.

Be consistent.

Our style will be …

OxfordReferencing

Cambridge Pre-U – Advice on presentation

Footnotes are for acknowledging the source of a quotation or reference made in the body of the essay.

All quotations from secondary sources must be properly acknowledged, but there is no need to make footnoted page references to every quotation from the main or subsidiary texts.

Bibliographies … must be full and complete, and it is helpful if they can be in two parts: one listing the sources that have been cited and/or quoted in the essay, and the second part listing publications and websites that have been consulted but not actually mentioned.

Cambridge Pre-U 9765 Literature in English, June 2014: Principal Examiner Report for Teachers

Keep track Notebook Index cards Cut and paste URLs into a Word

document Bookmark websites in your browser

Keep track online Social bookmarking sites such as Diigo,

StumbleUpon or Digg www.diigo.com; www.stumbleupon.com;

www.digg.com Evernote allows you to clip bits of websites

and save them in notebooks www.evernote.com

Livebinders lets you organise resources in an online binder www.livebinders.com

Example text – Oxford Referencing

According to David Lodge the title of a novel is part of the text and can indicate a theme, for example Wuthering Heights promises ‘a certain kind of setting and atmosphere’. 1

John Peck and Martin Coyle point out that although ‘Heathcliff … is a member of the property-owning class, … he doesn’t play the game of pretending to be a gentleman. His manner is blunt and direct’. 2

John Sutherland says that ‘Heathcliff’s death is among the most unusual in Victorian fiction. A man in rude health, 38 years old, dies of inanition. He does not eat or drink for four days (a short period, for someone in Heathcliff’s physical condition to starve to death)’. 3

1 David Lodge, The art of fiction, London, Vintage Books, 2011, p.195.2 John Peck and Martin Coyle, Practical criticism, 2nd edn, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1975, p.165.3 John Sutherland, Can Jane Eyre be happy? Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997, p.64.

According to David Lodge the title of a novel is part of the text and can indicate a theme, for example Wuthering Heights promises ‘a certain kind of setting and atmosphere’. 1

John Peck and Martin Coyle point out that although ‘Heathcliff … is a member of the property-owning class, … he doesn’t play the game of pretending to be a gentleman. His manner is blunt and direct’. 2

John Sutherland says that ‘Heathcliff’s death is among the most unusual in Victorian fiction. A man in rude health, 38 years old, dies of inanition. He does not eat or drink for four days (a short period, for someone in Heathcliff’s physical condition to starve to death)’. 3

1 David Lodge, The art of fiction, London, Vintage Books, 2011, p.195.2 John Peck and Martin Coyle, Practical criticism, 2nd edn, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1975, p.165.3 John Sutherland, Can Jane Eyre be happy? Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997, p.64.

Example text – Oxford Referencing

REFERENCESLodge, D., The art of fiction, London, Vintage Books, 2011.Peck, J. and Coyle, M. Practical criticism, 2nd edn, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1975.Sutherland, J. Can Jane Eyre be happy? Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997.

BIBLIOGRAPHYLodge, D., The art of fiction, London, Vintage Books, 2011.Miller, L. The Brontë myth, London, Vintage, 2002.Peck, J. and Coyle, M. Practical criticism, 2nd edn, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1975.Sutherland, J. Can Jane Eyre be happy? Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997.

The Brontë myth is a book you read for your essay but did not refer to in the text.

How to insert a footnote

http://office.microsoft.com/en-gb/word-help/insert-delete-or-edit-footnotes-and-endnotes-HP001226522.aspx

https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Create-a-bibliography-3403c027-96c8-40d3-a386-bfd5c413ddbb

Word does not support Oxford Referencing. Universities use Endnote reference management software.An example of an instruction video:Word 2010 Referencing and bibliography by Deidre Macnamara on YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QErOX_SWhks

What to record – Oxford styleBOOKSAuthors or editors. Look at the title page.

State the author’s or editor’s full name or initial in the order in which they appear. If they are editors, use (ed.) or (eds) e.g. M. Allen (ed.) or Michael Allen (ed.)

If there is no author but a corporation or organisation – use this.

If there is no author or organisation – use the titlee.g. Dictionary of literary biography, Detroit, Mich., Gale Research Company, 1978.

What to record – Oxford styleBOOKS

Title of the book and the subtitle. Capitalise the first letter of the first word and proper nounse.g. Can Jane Eyre be happy?:more puzzles in classic fiction

Italicise the title. If you are writing by hand – underline it.

What to record – Oxford styleBOOKSEdition – only include this if it is not the first edition. If there is no indication of which edition it is, it is the first.

Use edn so edition is not confused with ‘editor’.e.g. 3rd edn

Place and publisher – Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan

Pages – If you include a page reference in your in-text citation, put p.23. If you are referring to a chapter, use pp. 200 – 220.

What to record – Oxford styleBOOKS – EXAMPLE

1 John Peck and Martin Coyle, Practical Criticism, 2nd edn, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1975.

What to record – Oxford styleJOURNALS

Author Initials or first name then surnameTitle of article ‘in single quotation marks’Title of journal – in italics. Capitalize the first letter of each word in the title, except for linking words.Issue – volume, part number, month or seasonYear – year of publicationPage reference – p.7 or pp.13-17

What to record – Oxford styleJOURNALS

EXAMPLE:E. Kirby, ‘A culture of madness: the “madwoman” in fiction’, Emagazine, Issue 66, December 2014, pp.29-31.

What to record – Oxford styleJOURNALS

EXAMPLE:Thrailkill, J.F., ‘Doctoring “The Yellow Wallpaper”’, ELH, vol.69(2), pp.525-566.

What to record – Oxford styleINTERNET SITES AND WEB PAGES

Author – the author’s initial or first name and surname. If there is no author, or corporation, use the title of the web page.Title of the web page in single quotation marks

What to record – Oxford styleINTERNET SITES AND WEB PAGES

The title of the internet site and an indication of type information you are referring to e.g. An awfully big blog adventure [blog]Date the site was published or updated. If there is no date – how useful is the information?Dates can be checked on sites such as http://lookup.ws/whois.phphttp://www.allwhois.com

What to record – Oxford styleINTERNET SITES AND WEB PAGES

The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of your web page.If using Word, go to ‘Insert’ and select ‘Hyperlink’.

http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/literature-and-creative-writing/literature/legacy-the-romantics

Date accessed in round brackets e.g.(accessed 11 December 2014).

What to record – Oxford styleINTERNET SITES AND WEB PAGES - EXAMPLE

S. Shuttleworth, ‘Jane Eyre and the rebellious child’, Discovering Literature: Romantics and Victorians, [The British Library website],http://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/jane-eyre-and-the-rebellious-child(accessed 14 December 2014).

Oxford style referencing Ibid. Short for ‘ibidem’ which

means ‘in the same place’. It refers to the source immediately before.

Op. cit. is short for ‘opere citato’ which means ‘in the work already cited’.

1 David Lodge, The art of fiction, London, Vintage Books, 2011, p.195.2 Ibid., p. 216 [this means p.216 in the book above]3 John Peck and Martin Coyle, Practical criticism, 2nd edn, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 1975, p.165.4 John Sutherland, Can Jane Eyre be happy? Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997, p.64.5 John Peck and Martin Coyle, op.cit. p.190. [this means in the book already cited but not the one directly above]

Oxford style referencing

Sources:Oxford Referencing StyleUniversity of Western Australiahttp://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/Oxford(accessed 14 December 2014)

Oxford style referencing

Further information – Mrs Watts’ Scoop.it! siteReferencing and plagiarism: KES, Stratford-upon-Avonhttp://www.scoop.it/t/referencing-and-plagiarism(accessed 14 December 2014)

Putting references in your text

Quotations: don’t make them too long. What is special about this quote?

Williams and Carroll assert that, ‘If it’s worth a quote, it’s worth a comment.’1

1 K. Williams and J. Carroll, Referencing and understanding plagiarism, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, p.33.

Putting references in your text

Paraphrasing: Expressing the meaning of short extracts in your own words.

Tell your reader what you want them to see.1

1 K. Williams and J. Carroll, Referencing and understanding plagiarism, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Putting references in your text

Summarising: Providing a brief statement of the main points of a book or article.

‘Show your source before your reader starts wondering whose work they are reading.’1 K. Williams and J. Carroll, Referencing and understanding plagiarism, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, p.42.

Putting references in your text

Useful phrases:

Smith claims that ...Smith contends that ...Smith asserts that ...According to Smith ...

Putting references in your text

Manchester UniversityAcademic phrasebank

http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk

Help with referencingWord 2007 – limited choice of styles (APA, Chicago, MLA, Turabian)

Neil’s toolbox: http://www.neilstoolbox.com/bibliography-creator/index.htm

BibMe: http://www.bibme.org/

RefMe: https://www.refme.com/ - / (website and app)

BibliographyPears, R. And Shields, G. Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 8th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Reference copy in stock in the School Library.

Study skills including referencing in the School Library

Mrs Watts’ Pinterest board ‘Study Skills’ shows what books are in the School Libraryhttp://www.pinterest.com/libkes/study-skills/