oxfam uk satellite technology in emergencies. potential? mobilising for an emergency response is...
TRANSCRIPT
Potential?Potential?
• Mobilising for an emergency response is Mobilising for an emergency response is often conducted against a background often conducted against a background of uncertainties.of uncertainties.
• Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, military action and other flooding, military action and other events are mostly unpredictable.events are mostly unpredictable.
• Time is Lives!Time is Lives!• Timely satellite information could be Timely satellite information could be
very important. A same day service very important. A same day service might be possible?might be possible?
University of Surrey ~ University of Surrey ~ UniSUniS
• The University builds small satellites via a The University builds small satellites via a company known as Surrey Satellite company known as Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). SSTL is a Technology Limited (SSTL). SSTL is a commercial organisation under the commercial organisation under the ownership of the University.ownership of the University.
• CEHE is a WHO Collaborating Centre and CEHE is a WHO Collaborating Centre and has been pleased to collaborate & has been pleased to collaborate & research widely with the Relief Agency research widely with the Relief Agency Community. Brian Clarke is totally non-Community. Brian Clarke is totally non-commercial and attempts to do things at commercial and attempts to do things at little or no cost to relief agencies.little or no cost to relief agencies.
Experienced Pairing?Experienced Pairing?
• SSTL is actually building and SSTL is actually building and launching the first launching the first Disaster Disaster Monitoring ConstellationMonitoring Constellation (DMC) at (DMC) at this time!this time!
• CEHE has completed satellite CEHE has completed satellite technology linked projects in the technology linked projects in the past.past.
Typical CEHE Research ProjectTypical CEHE Research Project
• Land use assessment in St Lucia Land use assessment in St Lucia carried out using Spot and LandSat carried out using Spot and LandSat images.images.
• Ground truth verification at 40 sites.Ground truth verification at 40 sites.• Image processing and classification Image processing and classification
into 15 land use/cover categories.into 15 land use/cover categories.• Objectives included to support Objectives included to support
catchment protection for catchment protection for sustainable water supply.sustainable water supply.
Decisions 1 ?Decisions 1 ?
• Where? How big? How many? Where? How big? How many? Predicted conditions? Water supply?Predicted conditions? Water supply? There are periods in an emergency There are periods in an emergency where where timetime is a critical factor and is a critical factor and decision making can only be crudely decision making can only be crudely aimed at saving lives.aimed at saving lives.
• Decision making often has to be Decision making often has to be taken against a background of taken against a background of uncertainties.uncertainties.
Decisions 2?Decisions 2?
• Can satellite surveillance help at Can satellite surveillance help at the moment?the moment?
• Satellite surveillance is a Satellite surveillance is a rapidly rapidly changing technology, what about changing technology, what about the next generation?the next generation?
• What about the Constellation?What about the Constellation?
Data Processing System SSTL - UniS
Data Interpretation System:CEHE - UniS
Report to Relief AgenciesGIS
System?G
Current Micro-satellite Current Micro-satellite TechnologyTechnology
• Could spot flooding, earthquakes, Could spot flooding, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, drought, large scale volcano eruptions, drought, large scale human activity.human activity.
• The next generation of satellites will The next generation of satellites will spot small congregations of people.spot small congregations of people.
• Very good at determining catchment Very good at determining catchment characteristics.characteristics.
• Skill in data interpretation very Skill in data interpretation very important.important.
Selection of Source WaterSelection of Source Water
• Catchment surveillance an Catchment surveillance an important matter.important matter.
• Recognise the impact of other Recognise the impact of other factors on water treatment and factors on water treatment and supply.supply.
• Never forget the environmental Never forget the environmental footprint of watsan activities.footprint of watsan activities.
SURREY SPACE CLUB
Surrey Small Satellites and
International Collaboration
SSTL has
• built and launched 20 satellites in 20 years
• trained 12 nations to design & build their own satellite
Satellites offer global Satellites offer global monitoringmonitoring
• Disaster Monitoring Disaster Monitoring – Flood, Drought, Landslide, Tsunami, Flood, Drought, Landslide, Tsunami,
Earthquake, Volcanoes, CycloneEarthquake, Volcanoes, Cyclone
• Disaster AssessmentDisaster Assessment– Central Government & Central Government &
Insurance CompaniesInsurance Companies
• Dynamic Earth Observation Dynamic Earth Observation ((fast changing phenomenafast changing phenomena))– Oil leakage & pollution, Drug crops, Oil leakage & pollution, Drug crops,
Agriculture, Oil pipelines, Forest, WaterAgriculture, Oil pipelines, Forest, Water
• Single satellites provide inadequate revisit times
• Constellations have been too financially demanding
EO systems in operationEO systems in operationSatelliteSatellite Revisit Revisit
timetimeVisible & NIR Visible & NIR
resolution resolution (GSD)(GSD)
ThermThermal al
InfrareInfraredd
Hyper Hyper spectralspectral
SynthetiSyntheticAperturcAperture Radare Radar
Radar Radar altimeteraltimeter
JERS-1JERS-1 44 days44 days 24m24m
LANDSAT -5LANDSAT -5 17 days17 days 30m30m
SPOT-3SPOT-3 14 days14 days 20m20m
LANDSAT-7LANDSAT-7 17 days17 days 30m30m
SPOT-4SPOT-4 14 days14 days 20m20m
ENVISATENVISAT 17 days17 days 30m30m
IkonosIkonos 12 days12 days 1m1m
RADARSATRADARSAT 10 days10 days
DMCDMC 1 day1 day 32m32m
World-wide efforts on World-wide efforts on International Global Observing International Global Observing
SystemSystem
• Co-ordinating existing satellite resourcesCo-ordinating existing satellite resources
• ESA & CNES Charter for Disaster MonitoringESA & CNES Charter for Disaster Monitoring
• CEOS & IGOSCEOS & IGOS
• EC GMESEC GMES
• Independent EC study concludes that Independent EC study concludes that constellation of low cost small satellites is only constellation of low cost small satellites is only viable solution to achieve frequent revisitviable solution to achieve frequent revisit
First constellation First constellation implemented - DMCimplemented - DMC
Disaster Monitoring ConstellationDisaster Monitoring Constellation– 5 - 7 satellites5 - 7 satellites– Multispectral imagerMultispectral imager– 600km swath width600km swath width– 32m ground sampling distance 32m ground sampling distance – Daily revisitDaily revisit
Novel international partnershipNovel international partnership– Each satellite owned by one nationEach satellite owned by one nation
DMC partnersDMC partners
Space partners Algeria Nigeria UK China Thailand
Associate space partner Turkey
Disaster relief partner Reuters AlertNet
Aspiring space partner Vietnam
Market evaluation partner ESYS
DMC Image sizeDMC Image size A tile is the smallest unit.
2500 x 2500 pixels (approx 80 km x 80 km)
Ground size varies slightly dependent on position in swath.
approximate scale only
80x80km tiles
UoSAT-12 Onboard data storage
Sized for 11 minute downlink
Holds 24 tiles
Scenes of 4 tiles can be targeted 5 satellites – 400 - 600 image
tiles/day
What will the first DMC output be like?UoSAT-12: 32m 4-band (Paraguay)
Deforestation
Illegal crops?
Flooding would show very clearly
Reuters Alertnet – Reuters Alertnet – IndependentIndependent
Independent news agencyIndependent news agency– The Reuters Trust Principles state: The Reuters Trust Principles state:
“Reuters is dedicated to preserving its “Reuters is dedicated to preserving its independence, integrity and freedom independence, integrity and freedom from bias in the gathering and from bias in the gathering and dissemination of news and dissemination of news and information.”information.”
– Provide information to Provide information to Humanitarian Aid Agencies Humanitarian Aid Agencies
Coordinating image requestsCoordinating image requests Extracting informationExtracting information Add information to imagesAdd information to images Deliver via WebsiteDeliver via Website
– www.alertnet.orgwww.alertnet.orgPartne
r Detail
DMC Manufacture DMC Manufacture Schedule Schedule
ID Task Name
1 DMC Satellites Schedule2
3 DMC Design
4
5 ALSAT-1 Build
9 Launch #1 (ALSAT)
10
11 NigeriaSat-1 Build
15 UK-DMC Build
19 BilSat-1
24 Launch #2 (NigeriaSat, UK, BilSat)
25
26 Potential DMC + 4m Schedules
27 DMC + 4m Design
28 Chinese DMC Build
32 Vietnamese DMC Build
36 Launch #3 (China, Vietnam)
02/09
31/03
01/03
MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Follow-on missionsFollow-on missions• Earthquake prediction Earthquake prediction
• Higher Resolution Optical Micro- & Mini-satellites Higher Resolution Optical Micro- & Mini-satellites
• SAR MinisatellitesSAR Minisatellites
• IR Imaging MinisatellitesIR Imaging Minisatellites
• Hyper-spectral MicrosatellitesHyper-spectral Microsatellites
• LEqO or NEqO MicrosatellitesLEqO or NEqO Microsatellites
• Navigation constellationsNavigation constellations
• Ocean colourOcean colour
• Re-build commercially viable constellationsRe-build commercially viable constellations
Call for participation every three years for low cost small satellite constellations
Small nations/organisations play an important role in space
Small nations/organisations play an important role in space
Last ThoughtsLast Thoughts
• The Disaster Monitoring Constellation is The Disaster Monitoring Constellation is going to be launched. It represents a new going to be launched. It represents a new way. Do we want to talk with the way. Do we want to talk with the stakeholders?stakeholders?
• If we give active support (non-financial) to If we give active support (non-financial) to a CEHE~SSTL bid for research funds it a CEHE~SSTL bid for research funds it may be possible to use DMC 1 technology may be possible to use DMC 1 technology to develop a system for data processing to develop a system for data processing and interpretation that gives a and interpretation that gives a timelytimely view of major emergencies.view of major emergencies.
Last Thoughts 2Last Thoughts 2
• What about DMC 2?What about DMC 2?• Control over some systems prevent Control over some systems prevent
satellite scenes of “Jenin” style satellite scenes of “Jenin” style emergencies from being available.emergencies from being available.
• The next generation of small satellites The next generation of small satellites will provide a much higher resolution (1-will provide a much higher resolution (1-2m?) and could be designed to see 2m?) and could be designed to see through cloudthrough cloud
• (via SAR etc.)(via SAR etc.)
Last Thoughts 3Last Thoughts 3
• Should we seek to promote the concept Should we seek to promote the concept of a Euro-constellation that has only of a Euro-constellation that has only educational, non-commercial and educational, non-commercial and humanitarian applications.humanitarian applications.
• Individual satellites would need to be Individual satellites would need to be funded by partner countries?funded by partner countries?