ox2 engine
TRANSCRIPT
RECENT ADVANCES IN AUTOMOBILE
OX2 ENGINE
INTRODUCTION
The unique ox2 engine has been hailed as
the first real breakthrough technology in
internal combustion engine design since the
introduction of the otto four-cycle engine
over 139 years ago. One key feature of the
OX2 engine is that has only four moving
parts, vs 67 moving parts for a typical V-8
Engine ( otto cycle engine ). Because the
OX2 engine does not use a crankshaft, it has
been able to achieve a leverage advantage
over a conventional four-stroke engine with
a similar stroke. In October 1993, the U.S
government announced on world wide
media that it was to heavily subsidize
consortium acting under a developmental
mandate which would within fifteen years at
a budget of up to one trillion dollars,
produce a new design configuration and
prototypes to replace the existing internal
combustion engines. The firm constituted
under the consortium was named
‘ADVANCED ENGINE
TECHNOLOGIES’ and the ox2 engine is its
product.
OX2
In the name ‘ox2’, the alphabet ‘o’
symbolizes oxygen of the atmospheric air,
‘x’ symbolizes the variety of fuels including
gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquid propane
and methane which can be used while the
number ‘2’ symbolizes the two inlet and
exhaust ports, spark plugs in the engine
housing and also the two power strokes in
each cylinder for one complete revolution.
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
1. ENGINE PARTS
The major parts
Housing
Cylinder Block
Top Piston Plate
Lower Piston Plate
Cam Track
Drive shaft
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The moving parts
Cylinder Block
Top Piston Plate
Lower Piston Plate
ENGINE DETAILS
Number of
Combustion
Chambers
8 Cylinders
System 4 Stroke
Diameter12.8 inches / 325
mm
Width 10 inches / 254mm
Weight 125 lbs. / 56.8 kilos
Actual Cubic
Capacity66.25 c.i. / 1086 cc
Leverage Advantage
6.6 times a
conventional
combustion engine
FuelAny combustible gas
or liquid
WORKING
The ox2 engine consists of 8 cylinders
which are placed in a circle. The cylinders
are connected to a cylinder head which in
turn is connected to the outer cylinder
housing. The pistons which are moving
inside the cylinders have a base support of a
piston plate. There are two piston plates for
this purpose which connects the alternate
pistons. These two piston plates are called
top and lower piston plates. The pistons are
part of the piston plates. They house a
constant velocity rolling bearing joint on
their outer diameter/inner diameter to enable
a frictionless transition from reciprocating
motion to rotary motion. There is a cam
track at the bottom which facilitates the
reciprocatory motion of the piston inside the
cylinder due to its unique design.
The piston is also independently connected
to the outer engine housing with the help of
rollers. For this purpose, longitudinal slits
are provided on the inner periphery of the
engine housing into which the piston rollers
are placed. There are also rollers provided at
the bottom of each piston so as to guide it
through the cam track.
The engine is started with the help of a
drive shaft which is connected to the cam
and it provides a rotary motion for the
starting. A start up motor is provided for this
purpose of driving the drive shaft. This
rotary motion provided to the cam would
rotate the cam track which would result in
the reciprocatory motion of the piston inside
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the cylinder. As a result, the Otto Four
Stroke Cycle proceeds inside all the
cylinders and the engine starts. The start-up
motor then stops working.
As the pistons reciprocate, the piston
rollers rotating inside the engine housing
also rotates along the longitudinal slits.
However, the cam track at the bottom of the
pistons, force it to move forward resulting in
a circular motion. The piston rollers force
the engine housing to rotate along with the
pistons. Since the engine housing is
connected to the cylinder head, the cylinders
also move along with the pistons. As a
result, the entire unit of the engine rotates.
So the reciprocatory motion of the piston is
converted to the rotary motion of the engine
housing and this motion can be transmitted
to the reduction gears with the help of an
axial shaft.
EXPLODED VIEW OF THE
ENGINE
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PISTONS
The pistons of the engine are such that it
has no piston skirts on their outer periphery.
The piston skirts provide the support to the
piston in a conventional engine. However, in
the ox2 engine, the piston support is
provided by the piston plates. And the
requirement of the piston skirts is thus
eliminated. As a result, there is no side
loading of the pistons against the cylinder
bore. Therefore there is no energy
dissipation and also there is no danger of
damage to the cylinder walls.
PISTON SPEED
The ox2 piston speed, which is controlled
by the fuel burn rate, remains constant
throughout the entire power stroke. The inlet
and exhaust ports do not open until the
exhaust and power strokes have been fully
completed. The ports then remain open long
enough to ensure maximum operating
efficiency. This process enables a more
regulated mixture to be introduced prior to
firing and also allows the significantly
reduced exhaust gasses to be expelled
efficiently.
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
The combustion chambers are only
slightly longer than the stroke and the
pistons need only to be thick enough to
house the rings. Since there are no piston
skirts, the side loading of the piston against
the cylinder wall is eliminated. Hence there
is no danger of damage to the walls due to
long running of the engine.
FLY WHEELS
A flywheel is an excellent short-term
energy storage device. While a flywheel
could be fitted to the OX2 engine as with
any engine, the mass of the rotating block
would act as a flywheel and the small
fluctuations in the energy is removed. Hence
a flywheel is required only when huge
amount of energy is generated.
HORSE POWER AND OUTPUT
SHAFT SPEED
The RPM’s of the engine are dependent
upon size and application. As for acceptable
output shaft RPM, outboard engines
typically max at 6000 RPM, run a 2 to 1
reduction to the propeller equaling 3000
RPM. Therefore in this application an
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acceptable output shaft speed could be 3000
RPM. Likewise a rear or front wheel of an
automobile spins at a little over 1000 RPM
at 100 km p/h. Therefore a higher output
shaft speed is not necessary. The reason for
a high RPM being achieved from a
crankshaft engine is to give a better
horsepower number, whereas the torque an
engine can develop at a particular RPM does
the actual work. Thus the OX2 engine
develops very high torque at reasonably low
RPM thus reducing wear and enabling better
control of the combustion process thereby
resulting in better economy and emissions
TIMING
The ox2 engine design enables the timing
to be adjusted sufficiently to produce the
most effective burn of the combustion fuel
being used irrespective of the engine RPM.
This highly efficient procedure is possible as
the opening and closing of the ports is
controlled by electronic chips. Also since
there is no ports present in the combustion
chamber during the compression stroke,
there is no fear of preignition. Compare this
to a conventional engine in which
preignition occurs if the timing is advanced
too far causing combustion prior to the top
of the stroke. The result of preignition is
resistance against the crankshaft, which
causes a loss of energy.
TORQUE
A unique feature of the ox2 engine is that
it achieves considerable torque at all stages
through its operating range. Consequently in
most of the engine applications there would
be no need for the engine to work at
revolutions higher than 2500rpm. This
would eliminate the need of a gear box and
would reduce the engine wear.
EXHAUST
The ox2 engine is designed to have a
minute quantity of exhaust gas fed back in to
the combusting chamber, ensuring that the
engine pressure is only slightly below the
atmospheric pressure thus eliminating the
majority of the vacuum created. The design
ensures that there is no wastage of energy
fighting vacuum and also allows for
optimum compression regardless of the
air/fuel delivery. Thus more fuel is used
driving the piston and less is wasted
pressurizing the combustion chamber.
Because of the minute pressure differential,
the air/fuel mixture induced into the cylinder
does not drop in temperature. When the heat
of recirculated exhaust gas is added, the fuel
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remains in a gaseous form, thus ensuring an
efficient burn from the ox2 engine.
WORK COMPARISONAdvanced Engine Technologies Firm has
shown that the ox2 engine produces more
torque and horse power from a smaller
displacement than a 5.7 liter V8 engine.
DEVELOPMENTS
The OX2 engine has been developed
till the prototype level. Three prototypes
of the engine have been developed by
the Advanced Engine Technologies firm.
The firm has announced that it has
completed the first phase of OX2 engine
port re-engineering. This re-designing
was done after the testing of Design
Level 1, OX2 test engine #1. AET
engineers have successfully advanced
the OX2 engine port shape and location
from its earlier design.
Through engine modeling, Flow bench
analysis, and eventual real-time engine lab
testing, engineers have been able to re-
engineer the intake and exhaust port shape
and location on Design Level 2, OX2 engine
#2. This re-engineering has resulted in a
15% improvement in the OX2 engine's
airflow or also known as Volumetric
Efficiency. The efficiency is now in the
range of 92-95%. This improvement has
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also yielded a 16% improvement in torque
and a 23% increase in horsepower. Also
during testing, OX2 test engine #2 created a
high torque, resulting in 16.8 horsepower at
650 rpm which is one-third the typical
operating speed of traditional internal
combustion engines.
In addition, this new porting configuration
has increased the exhaust velocity by 200%.
This will prove to be very valuable asset for
the engine in future turbo applications. The
early phase testing also allowed AET to
identify airflow issues with the OX2 block.
Design modifications to the engine's inner
block have been made to improve airflow
and increase compression.
The re-cast blocks will be retro-fitted to
the current OX2 engine prototypes and they
are expected to result in increased overall
power. Validation testing of the Design
Level 3, OX2 Engine #3 is also being
carried out in the University of California.
Utilizing an increased bore and shorten
stroke, this design is expected to yield a
marked improvement in overall engine
performance.
APPLICATIONS
The following are the examples of future
applications of the OX2 engine.
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ADVANTAGES
Fuel efficient
Low emissions
Smaller
Higher power to weight ratio
Light weight
Multi-fuelled
Inexpensive
DISADVANTAGES
Existing engine compartment
design of the vehicles is to be
modified
The cooling system design is
complex
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CONCLUSION
The OX2 engine will soon prove to be a
revolution in the IC engine field with its eco
friendly and versatile nature allowing it to
be flexible with any type of fuel along with
enhanced operation, maintenance costs and a
longer useful life.
REFERENCE
www.ox2engine.com
Detroit News Article - ‘New engine
excites many’
21st of April
2003, pg-5,
column-2
Advanced Engine Technologies of
Albuquerque Magazine
‘ox2 engine
revealed’ 19th of Dec 2002,pg 8,
column-3
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