
2/73

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2All rights reserved

Uon !o"letion o# t$i% !o&r%e' (o& will )e a)le to*

+now t$e !ontent% and ro!e%% o# network lanning.

Under%tand t$e &link )&dget and it% ele"ent%.

Under%tand t$e downlink )&dget and it% ele"ent%.

,a"iliari-e t$e !overage en$an!e"ent te!$nologie%. .


3/73


Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network PlanningCha

pter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

Chapter 2 Uplink BudgetChapter 2 Uplink Budget

Chapter 3 Downlink BudgetChapter 3 Downlink Budget

Chapter Co!erage "nhance#ent $echnologiesChapter Co!erage "nhance#ent $echnologies


4/73


Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

1%1 &!er!iew of 'adio Network Planning1%1 &!er!iew of 'adio Network Planni

ng

1%2 (uawei Concept of 'adio Network Planning1%2 (uawei Concept of 'adio Network Planning

1%3 Process of 'adio Network Planning1%3 Process of 'adio Network Planning


5/73


De#inition and Categor( o# Network Planning

)ocus of the train*

Planning of radio network%

De#inition*

Network lanning "ean% t$at roer network ele"ent% NE%/ are

%ele!ted a!!ording to t$e network target' network evol&tion

re&ire"ent' and !o%t' and t$en t$e &alit(' !on#ig&ration' and

!onne!tion "ode o# t$e NE% are deter"ined to #a!ilitate engineering

i"le"entation.

Categorie%*

Planning o# !ore network

Planning o# radio network

Planning o# tran%"i%%ion network


6/73


I"ortan!e o# Radio Network Planning in 2

I"ortan!e*

3$e !on%tr&!tion !o%t o# t$e "o)ile

!o""&ni!ation% network "ainl( lie% in t$e

e&i"ent inve%t"ent. A"ong t$e t$ree art%o# t$e 2 network radio a!!e%% network'

tran%"i%%ion network' and !ore network/' t$e

radio a!!e%% network take% "ore t$an 405

inve%t"ent. 3$e inve%t"ent in t$e radio

a!!e%% network deend% on t$e n&")er and!on#ig&ration o# t$e 6S%' w$i!$ are deter"ined

)( t$e radio network lanning.


7/73HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 7All rights reserved

Co"are WCDMA wit$ 2SM Network Planning

In t$e 2SM %(%te"' t$e %tr&!t&re and

#re&en!( o# t$e !ell&lar network are lanned

in order to en%&re t$at t$e !o7#re&en!( and

ad8a!ent7#re&en!( inter#eren!e "eet t$e !all

&alit( re&ire"ent.

I# t$e inter#eren!e re&ire"ent i% "et' t$e

n&")er o# %&orted %&)%!ri)er% !an )e

ded&!ted )a%ed on t$e n&")er o# !arrier

#re&en!ie% and t$e n&")er o# ti"e%lot%.

3$e !overage o# t$e 2SM %(%te" deend% on

t$e tran%"it ower o# t$e tran%"itter and t$e

de"od&lation er#or"an!e o# t$e re!eiver.

3$e 2SM "ainl( o##er% voi!e %ervi!e' and t$e

2OS and de%ign o)8e!tive are relativel(%i"le.

#1

#1

#9

#9

#

#1

#1

#9

#9

#

##1

#9#1

#

#1

WCDMA &%e% t$e %read %e!tr&"

te!$nolog(' %o it !an reali-e 1:1 #re&en!(

"&ltile;ing wit$o&t #re&en!( lanning.

3$e !aa!it( o# ea!$ !arrier in WCDMA i%


8/73HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 8All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network PlanningChapter 1 Process of WCDMA Network Planning

1%1 &!er!iew of 'adio Network Planning1%1 &!er!iew of 'adio Network Planning




9/73


>&awei Con!et o# Wirele%% Network Planning

Oti"al !overage #or ro#ita)le %ervi!e%

3$e 2 network i% a "&lti7%ervi!e network' %o t$e network re%o&r!e% need )e

di%tri)&ted a"ong di##erent %ervi!e%. 3$e !ell radi&% and !overage %!$e"e

%$all )e deter"ined a#ter t$e ro#ita)le %ervi!e% and t$eir !overage &alit(

%$all )e deter"ined. At t$e earl( %tage o# t$e 2 network' i# t$e lanning

#o!&%e% on $ig$7%eed data %ervi!e' it will re%&lt in wa%te o# "an( %ervi!e%? #ore;a"le' t$e 6S% "a( go to wa%te )e!a&%e t$ere are not eno&g$ %ervi!e%.

Oti"al &alit( o# !ore %ervi!e

Core %ervi!e re#er% to t$e %ervi!e t$at $ave a long7ter" e##e!t on t$e network

develo"ent. It i% o%%i)le t$at t$e !ore %ervi!e i% not ro#ita)le in a %$ort

eriod' )&t i% t$e attra!tion o# t$e %&)%!ri)er in!rea%e and %ervi!e

develo"ent' #or e;a"le' $ig$7%eed data %ervi!e. 3$ere#ore' t$e &alit( o#

t$e !ore %ervi!e %$o&ld )e g&aranteed in order to e;$i)it t$e %ervi!e and

er#or"an!e advantage% o# t$e 2 network and ro"ote t$e oerator@% )rand.


10/73



>ig$e%t !aa!it( )a%ed on li"ited re%o&r!e%

3$e !aa!it( o# t$e 2 network i% "ainl( a##e!ted

)( inter#eren!e. Rea%ona)le ara"eter lanning

"a( $el to red&!e intra7!ell and inter7!ell

inter#eren!e' i"rove t$e !ell !aa!it(' and "ake#&ll &%e o# t$e li"ited re%o&r!e%. >&awei rovide%

relia)le and e##e!tive ower !ontrol and radio

re%o&r!e "anage"ent algorit$" )( &%ing

a)&ndant te%t data and advan!ed %i"&lation

"ean%. 3$e( are roved in "an( !&%to"er ilot%o# >&awei aro&nd t$e world. >&awei $a% drawn

ri!$ related e;erien!e.


11/73



owe%t overall !o%t o# network !on%tr&!tion

3$e !on%tr&!tion o# t$e radio network goe% t$ro&g$

t$e li#e!(!le o# t$e network. In t$e lanning' #&rt$er

develo"ent %$all )e !on%idered' in order to

red&!e t$e overall !o%t o# network !on%tr&!tion.


12/73



1%1 &!er!iew of 'adio Network Planning1%1 &!er!iew of 'adio Network Planning




13/73


Pro!e%% o# Wirele%% Network Planning

Radio Network Di"en%ion RND/

At t$e earl( %tage o# t$e ro8e!t lanning' t$e #&t&re

network i% reli"inaril( lanned' and t$e !on#ig&ration and

t$e n&")er o# RAN NE% are o&t&t #or reli"inar( ro8e!t

!o""&nion and #or !o%t di"en%ion in !ontra!t "aking.

Pre7lanning o# radio network

At t$e "id %tage o# ro8e!t lanning' )a%ed on t$e

di"en%ion o&t&t' t$e #&t&re network i% lanned in detail'

and t$e a!!&rate network %!ale and t$eoreti!al %ite

lo!ation are deter"ined. A re7lanning reort i% o&t&t #or"id7%tage ro8e!t and !o%t di"en%ion in !ontra!t %igning.


14/73


Pro!e%% o# Wirele%% Network Planning

Cell lanning o# radio network

At t$e later %tage o# ro8e!t lanning' )a%ed on t$e

re7lanning o&t&t' ea!$ %ele!ted %ite i% %&rve(ed'

and t$e related !ell ara"eter% are deter"ined. I# t$e

re%&lt i% &ite di##erent #ro" t$e lanning' t$e !ell

ara"eter% and lanning e##e!t %$o&ld )e !$e!ked

t$ro&g$ %i"&lation' and t$e o&t&t reort %$all )e t$e

#inal radio network lanning %!$e"e t$at !an g&ide

t$e ro8e!t !on%tr&!tion.


15/73


Pro!e%% o# Radio Network Planning

Process of radio network planningProcess of radio network planning


16/73


Radio Network Di"en%ion

Radio Network Di"en%ion i% a %i"li#ied anal(%i% o# t$e

#&t&re network.

O)8e!tive*

3o o)tain t$e network %!ale Aro;i"ate 6S

&antit( and !on#ig&ration/' to o)tain t$e!on%tr&!tion eriod' and to o)tain in#or"ation %&!$

a% ele!troni!al !o%t and $&"an re%o&r!e !o%t.

Met$od*

Sele!t a roer roagation "odel' and %&)%!ri)er

"o)ilit(' di%tri)&tion' and tra##i! "odel%' and t$ene%ti"ate t$e %ite &antit(' !ell &antit(' !overage

%i-e and !aa!it(.


17/73


Re&ire"ent o# RND ara"eter%

In#or"ation o# !overage area

3$e engineer% o# RNP %$o&ld know e;a!t in#or"ation a)o&t!overage area '#or e;a"le *

BArea ' e!ono"(' o&lation

B Di%tri)&tion o# !l&tter

B 3$e in#or"ation o# "o)ile !o""&ni!ation "arket

3arget o# network

3$e target o# network %$o&ld in!l&de %everal #a!tor%*

B Servi!e

B Coverage area Coverage &alit(

B Network Caa!it(

B 3arget lording o# !ell


18/73


Re&ire"ent o# RND ara"eter%

i"it to network %!ale 6&ilding lan in di##erent $a%e

6a%e on !o""er!ial !ontra!t

6a%e on RND re%&lt i# wit$o&t !o""er!ial !ontra!t

In#or"ation o# availa)le %ite

,or a new oerator t$at $a% no 92 "o)ile !o""&ni!ation

network %$o&ld not a)&ndant %ite .So t$e engineer o# RNP%$o&ld know e;a!t in#or"ation a)o&t availa)le %ite.


19/73


Radio Network Di"en%ion

Coverage in#or"ation

Coverage area

Coverage ro)a)ilit(

Caa!it( in#or"ation3ra##i! "odel

Servi!e "odel

S&)%!ri)er den%it(

=&alit( in#or"ation

=oS re&ire"ent

2oS re&ire"ent

De"od&lation t$re%$old

S(%te" %!ale

Site &antit(

S(%te" !on#ig&ration

Se!tor %tr&!t&re

Carrier &antit(

Network !on%tr&!tion

!o%t

Site !o%t

E&i"ent !o%t

InputInput OutputOutput

Co!erage di#ension

Capacit+ di#ension


20/73


Radio Network Pre7lanning

6a%ed on radio network

di"en%ion' t$e network re7

lanning intend% to deter"ine

t$e initial la(o&t and t$eoreti!al

lo!ation o# t$e 6S% and %ele!tengineering ara"eter% 6S

lo!ation' network $ierar!$('

tran%"it ower' antenna

la(o&tt(edire!tiontilt angle'

and %o on/ and %o"e !ell

ara"eter% !o""on !$annel'

tran%"it ower o# tra##i!

!$annel' ort$ogonal #a!tor' !ell

%!ra")le' and %o on/ .


21/73



6a%e on t$e re%&lt o# RND't$eoreti!al lo!ation o# %ite'

ara"eter% o# ro8e!t' ara"eter% o#

!ell' We %$o&ld !arr( o&t !overage

%i"&lation.

We %$o&ld !arr( o&t "ore !are#&lad8&%t #or e;a"le a"o&nt o#

Node6' !on#ig&ration o# Node6'

antenna altit&de' antenna a-i"&t$/

a#ter anal(-ing t$e re%&lt% o#

!overage %i"&lation.

,inall( 'we %$o&ld get er#e!t

!overage re%&lt.


22/73



Radio Network Pre7lanning reort

We %$o&ld o&t&t Radio Network Pre7lanning reort a#ter #ini%$ing

#oregoing 8o)%. Radio Network Pre7lanning reort %$o&ld involve

%everal #a!tor%*

B Introd&!e o# ro8e!t )a!kgro&nd

B In#or"ation o# lanning area *area' o&lation' !l&%ter

B Pro8e!t o# radio network re7lanning* %ite di%tri)&tion "a' %ite li%t

in!l&de %ite na"e' latit&de 'longit&de' ara"eter%/B Per#or"an!e o# ro8e!t *)a%e on t$e re%&lt o# t$e %i"&lation

BAendi;* %tati%ti!al diagra" a)o&t er#or"an!e


23/73


Radio Network Cell Planning

Flowchart of cellFlowchart of cellplanningplanning


24/73


Radio Network Cell Planning %ite %&rve( In #a!t ' er#e!t %ite o%ition !o&ld not )e a!&ired. We "&%t %ele!t %o"e %are

%ite. 6&t $ow !an we %ele!t t$e %are %iteF

6a%e on e;erien!e ' %are %ite i% %ele!ted in SEARC> RIN2 %!oe ' SEARC>RIN2 G1HR' at t$e %a"e ti"e 'we %till !on%ider altit&dinal #a!tor

We %till a( attention to %o"e #a!tor w$en we %ele!t t$e %are %ite% *

Radio ro"&lgation

B Sare %ite o%itionB Sare %ite latit&de

B a")ient

Work i"le"ent

B Sa!e o# roo"

BAntenna in%tallB 3ran%"i%%ion #a!tor

B Power #a!tor

Co""er!ial #a!tor

B Rent


25/73


Radio Network Cell Planning S(%te" Si"&lation

S(%te" Si"&lation !la%%

Stati! %i"&lation

B Stati! %i"&lation %$o&ld gain t$e

er#or"an!e o# radio network )a%e

on %na%$otK

D(na"i! %i"&lation

B D(na"i! %i"&lation %$o&ld gain t$e

er#or"an!e o# radio network )a%e

on anal(%i% to "o)ile %&)%!ri)e.

At re%ent' Stati! %i"&lation i% in !o""on

&%e. Monto Carlo %i"&lation i% one t(e o#

%tati! %i"&lation%

$he e,a#ple of Monto Carlo

si#ulation


26/73


3$e e;a"le a)o&t Monto Carlo %i"&lation

10051005 10051005905905 L05L05

0505 4545 H05H05L05L05

Access ratio


27/73


Di%tri)&tion o# Node6%


28/73


Si"&lation diagra" ilot !overage inten%it(


29/73


Si"&lation diagra" ilot !overage &alit( E!Io/


30/73


Coverage ro)a)ilit( o# 19.9k voi!e %ervi!e


31/73


Coverage ro)a)ilit( o# LHk video $one %ervi!e


32/73


Coverage ro)a)ilit( o# 1HHk Net Meeting %ervi!e


33/73


Coverage ro)a)ilit( o# Hk >33P %ervi!e


34/73


%i"&lation re%&lt a)o&t ilot oll&tion


35/73


S&""ar( o# t$e C$ater

Categor( o# radio network lanning

>&awei !on!et o# radio network lanning

Di##eren!e )etween 2SM network lanning and WCDMA

network lanning

Pro!e%% o# radio network lanning

In&t and o&t&t re&ire"ent% o# t$e radio network re7lanning

This chapter covers the following:This chapter covers the following:


36/73







37/73


Caa!it(Coverage=&alit(

Relation a"ong !aa!it(' !overage' and &alit( o# t$e WCDMA%(%te"

3$e WCDMA %(%te" i% a %el#7inter#eren!e %(%te"' and it%

!aa!it(' !overage' and &alit( !lo%el( related to ea!$ ot$er.

Caa!it(!overage e.g. !ell )reat$/

B I# t$e load in!rea%e%' t$e !aa!it( and inter#eren!e al%ointer#eren!e' and t$e !overage %$rink%.

Caa!it(&alit( e.g. o&ter loo ower !ontrol/

B 3$e %(%te" !aa!it( "a( in!rea%e )( lowering t$e &alit( o#

%o"e !onne!tion%.

Coverage&alit( e.g. AMRC/

B 3$e !overage "a( in!rea%e )( lowering t$e &alit( o# %o"e

!onne!tion%.


38/73


Pro!e%% o# Coverage 6&dget

Environ"ent #eat&re% o# t$elanned area

Site !aa!it(

Indoor !overage

Coverage ro)a)ilit(

Proagation "odel

E&i"ent er#or"an!e

Create link -udgetCreate link -udget

&-tain cell radius&-tain cell radius

Calculate site areaCalculate site area

.pecif+ site /uantit+

of the area

.pecif+ site /uantit+

of the area

Ma;i"&" at$ lo%%

Mini"&" !ell radi&%

Ma;i"&" %ite

!overage area

Site quantity=planned area/site coverage areaSite quantity=planned area/site coverage area


39/73


,&nda"ental Prin!ile

ink 6&dget* ink6&dget intend% to

e%ti"ate t$e

%(%te" !overage

)( anal(-ing t$e

#a!tor% o# t$e

roagation o# t$e#orward %ignal

and rever%e

%ignal' in order to

o)tain t$e

"a;i"&"

roagation lo%%a#ter !ertain

!o""&ni!ation%

&alit( i% en%&red.

$0

Co#-iner

Duple,er)eeder

'0

PoutB.

cB.fB.

aB.NodeB

$0

'0

PoutU"

aU"

U"

Co#-inerDuple,er

P21D2P2

1U2

Bod+ oss

)ading

Margin

Penetration

oss


40/73


Algorit$" Introd&!tion

PUGPo&tUE 2a6S2aUE #6S2aS>O M! M#

MI ) S6S

B PU* Ma;i"&" roagation lo%% o# t$e Ulink

B Po&tUE* Ma;i"&" tran%"it ower o# t$e tra##i! !$annel o# t$e UE

B #6S* Ca)le lo%%B 2a6S* Antenna gain o# t$e 6S? 2aUE* Antenna gain o# t$e MS

B 2aS>O* 2ain o# %o#t $andover

B M!* Margin #or #a%t ower !ontrol

B M#* Slow #ading "argin related to t$e roagation environ"ent/

B MI* Inter#eren!e "argin related to t$e de%igned %(%te" !aa!it(/B * Penetration lo%% o# a )&ilding &%ed i# indoor !overage i% re&ired/

B )* 6od( lo%%

B S6S* Sen%itivit( o# 6S re!eiver related to #a!tor% %&!$ a% %ervi!e and"&lti7at$ !ondition/

Uplink (reverse)Uplink (reverse)


41/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget

Ma; Power o# 3C>

6od( o%%

2ain o# UE 3; Antenna

EIRP

2ain o# 6S R; AntennaCa)le o%%

Noi%e ,ig&re 6S/

E)v%No Re&ired 6S/

Sen%itivit( o# 6S Re!eiverU Cell oading

Inter#eren!e Margin

6a!kgro&nd Noi%e evel

Margin #or 6a!kgro&nd Noi%e

S>O 2ain over ,a%t ,ading

,a%t ,ading Margin

Mini"&" Signal Strengt$Re&ired

Penetration o%%

Std. dev. o# Slow ,ading

Edge !overage Pro)a)ilit(

Slow ,ading Margin

S>O 2ain over Slow ,ading


42/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget 1.Ma; Power o# 3C> d6"/

,or a UE' t$e "a;i"&" ower o# ea!$ tra##i! !$annel i% &%&all( t$e

no"inal total tran%"it ower. 3$ere are "an( t(e% o# UE in a

!o""er!ial network' %o t$i% ara"eter% %$o&ld )e rea%ona)l( %et in

t$e link )&dget a!!ording to t$e %e!i#i!ation% o# a "ain%trea"

!o""er!ial !ell $one and t$e re&ire"ent o# t$e oerator.

2rade o# UE ower 3S 9.101 v.4.0 900170L L.9.1

Power Cla%% No"inal "a;i"&" o&t&t ower 3oleran!e

1 d6" 17d6

9 94d6" 17d6

9Hd6" 17d6

H 91d6" 979d6


43/73



9. 6od( o%% d6/

,or voi!e %ervi!e' t$e )od( lo%% i% d6.

6e!a&%e t$e data %ervi!e "ainl( involve% read and video' %o

t$e UE i% relativel( #ar #ro" )od(' and t$e )od( lo%% i% 0 d6.

. 2ain o# UE 3; Antenna d6i/

In general' a%%&"e t$at t$e re!eiver gain and tran%"itter gain

o# t$e UE antenna are )ot$ 0 d6i.

H. EIRPd6"/

UE EIRP d6"/G UE 3; Power d6"/ 7 6od( o%% d6/

2ain o# UE 3; Antenna d6i/


44/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget . 2ain o# 6S R; Antenna d6i/

+at$rein 4H14QH

,re&en!( range

14109140M>- d&al

)and #or DCS and

UM3S/

Polari-ation H' 7H

2ain 1.d6i

>P6W 1Q909140M>-/>ori-ontal* L

erti!al*L.

Ele!tri!al tilt ,i;ed' 9

Side lo)e %&re%%ion #or 1%t%ide

lo)e a)ove $ori-onT1Hd6

,ront7to7)a!k ratio' !o7olar T0d6

Di"en%ion >eig$t Widt$

Det$/

109 "" 1 "" LQ

""

Weig$t L.Lkg

+at$rein 4H14Q0

,re&en!( range 1Q909140M>-

Polari-ation erti!al

2ain 11d6i

>P6W erti!al* 4

Ele!tri!al tilt ,i;ed' 0

Di"en%ion >eig$t/ 14 ""

Weig$t kg


45/73



L. Ca)le o%% d6/

It in!l&de% t$e lo%% o# t$e #eeder%and !onne!tor% )etween t$e !a)inetto and t$e antenna !onne!tor.

B ower 8&"er

B Conne!tor

B ,eeder

B Uer 8&"er

B Et!.

E;!et #or t$e #eeder' t$e lo%% i%

relativel( !on%tant. A%%&"e t$at t$e#eeder lo%% i% 0. d6 92>-.

B 47in!$ #eeder* L.1 d6 100"

B H7in!$ #eeder* H. d6 100"


46/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget 4. Noi%e ,ig&re d6/

Noi%e #ig&re N,/* It i% &%ed to "ea%&re t$e noi%e

er#or"an!e o# an a"li#ier. It re#er% to t$e ratio o# t$e in&t

SNR to t$e o&t&t SNR o# t$e antenna.

3$er"al noi%e o# re!eiver &nit )andwidt$/*

B PN G +:3:6W:N,

G 714H d6">-/ 10lg.HM>- 1>-/ N,d6/

G 710 d6".HM>-/ N, d6/

NFNF = SNR= SNRii/ SNR/ SNRoo

= (S= (Sii/ N/ Nii) / (S) / (Soo/ N/ Noo))


47/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget . E)v%No Re&ired d6/

It i% o)tained t$ro&g$ link %i"&lation. It i% related to t$e #ollowing*

B Con#ig&ration o# re!eive diver%it(

B M&lti7at$ !$annel !ondition

B 6earer t(e

Q. Sen%itivit( o# 6S Re!eiver d6"/

Sen%itivit( o# Re!eiver d6"/

G 714H d6">-/ N, d6/ 10lg.HM>-1>-/

E)v%No re&ired d6/ 7 10lgV.HM>-R)k>-/

G 714H d6">-/ N, d6/ 10lgV1000 R) k>-/ E)No d6/


48/73



10. 6a!kgro&nd Noi%e evel d6"/

E;ternal ele!tro"agneti! inter#eren!e %o&r!e%*

B Wirele%% tran%"itter% 2SM' "i!rowave' radar'

televi%ion %tation' and %o/

BA&to"o)ile ignition

B ig$ting

B X

,or t$e lanning #or a %e!i#i! area' it i%re!o""ended to e%ti"ate t$e lo!al inter#eren!e

t$ro&g$ noi%e te%t.


49/73



11. Margin #or 6a!kgro&nd Noi%e d6/

A%%&"e t$at t$e noi%e o# a devi!e Node6 or UE/ i% Y

d6"' and t$e e;ternal inter#eren!e ower i% Z d6"' t$e

"argin #or t$e e;ternal inter#eren!e !an )e !al!&lated*

B Margin #or 6a!kgro&nd Noi%e G

B 10log 10[Y 10 / 10[Z 10 // d6"7 Y d6"


50/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget 19. Penetration o%% d6/

Indoor enetration lo%% re#er% to t$e di##eren!e )etween t$e average

%ignal %trengt$ o&t%ide t$e )&ilding and t$e average %ignal %trengt$

o# one la(er o# t$e )&ilding.

3$e enetration lo%% i% related to )&ilding t(e' entran!e angle o#

t$e ele!tri! wave' and %o on. In t$e link )&dget' a%%&"e t$at t$e

enetration lo%% i% %&)8e!t to t$e lognor"al di%tri)&tion. 3$e

enetration lo%% i% indi!ated )( average enetration lo%% and

%tandard deviation.

It i% &ne!ono"i!al to rovide )etter indoor !overage t$ro&g$ an

o&tdoor 6S. 3$e indoor !overage %$all )e rovided t$ro&g$ a

ertinent indoor !overage %ol&tion.

In t$e a!t&al !on%tr&!tion o# a !o""er!ial network' t$e enetration

lo%% "argin i% &%&all( %e!i#ied )( t$e oerator in order to !o"are

t$e lanning re%&lt% o# di##erent "ana!t&rer%.


51/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget 1. ,a%t ,ading Margin d6/

In t$e link )&dget' t$e de"od&lation er#or"an!e o# t$e &%ed re!eiver i%

t$e %i"&lation re%&lt )a%ed on t$e a%%&"ed ideal ower !ontrol. In an

a!t&al %(%te"' )e!a&%e o# t$e li"ited tran%"it ower o# t$e tran%"itter'

non7ideal #a!tor% are introd&!ed in t$e !lo%ed loo ower !ontrol.

E##e!t o# ower !ontrol "argin on t$e &link de"od&lation er#or"an!e*

B 3$e %i"&lation %$ow% t$e #ollowing* W$en t$e >eadRoo" i% large'

t$e target E)v%No %et in t$e o&ter loo ower !ontrol i% aroriate

to t$e %i"&lation re%&lt &nder t$e ideal ower !ontrol. A% t$e ower

"argin de!rea%e%' t$e E)v%No grad&all( in!rea%e% i# t$e ower"argin de!rea%e% )( 1 d6' t$e re&ired E)v%No in!rea%e% )( a)o&t

1 d6/. I# ower !ontrol er#or"an!e i% al"o%t not availa)le' t$e

6ER6ER !annot )e en%&red.


52/73



1H. Edge !overage Pro)a)ilit( W$en t$e tran%"it ower o# a UE $it% t$e t$re%$old' )&t t$e at$ lo%% doe%

not "eet t$e re&ire"ent #or t$e lowe%t re!eive level' t$e link will )e

di%!onne!ted.

,or a UE at a di%tan!e o# d' t$e link di%!onne!tion ro)a)ilit( i% a% #ollow%*

\d/ G P"a;UE S"in 10]lgd/ It re#er% to t$e di##eren!e )etweent$e average lo%% o# t$e at$% at a di%tan!e o# d and t$e allowed "a;i"&"

at$ lo%% #or en%&ring t$e !onne!tion.

3$e average #ading !o"onent i% 0' and t$e %tandard variation i% ^

})(Pr{

})lg(10_Pr{

})lg(10_Pr{

})(_Pr{)(Pr_

minmax

minmax

minmax


53/73


SF x ,( ) dnorm x 0, ,( ):=

30 20 10 0 10 20 30

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

SF x 8,( )

SF x 10,( )

SF x 12,( )

x

SF_ x ,( ) !norm x 0, ,( ):=

20 16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16 200

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

SF_ x 8,( )

SF_ x 10,( )

SF_ x 12,( )

x

Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Ulink 6&dget14% .low )ading Margin 5dB6

+e( oint* Proert( o# nor"al di%tri)&tion.

Slow ,ading Margin d6/ G re&ired Edge !overage Pro)a)ilit(:Std.

dev. o# Slow ,ading d6/


54/73



1L. Ulink Cell oading

Ulink !ell loading i% &%ed to "ea%&re t$e &link load o# a !ell.

3$e $ig$er t$e &link !ell loading' t$e $ig$er t$e &link inter#eren!e.

I# t$e &link load i% a)o&t 1005 ' t$e &link inter#eren!e )e!o"e% in#inite'

and t$e !orre%onding !aa!it( i% t$e &t"o%t !aa!it(.

( ) ( ) ( ) +=+=N

jjjN

jUL

W

vREbvsNoiLi

11

11


55/73



14. Ulink Inter#eren!e Margin d6/UL

N

jN

TOT

LP

INoiseRise

=

==

1

1

1

1

1

50% Load d!50% Load d!

"0%"0% LoadLoad #d! #d!

$5%$5% LoadLoad "d! "d!


56/73



1. S>O 2ain over ,a%t ,ading d6/

3$e %o#t $andover gain in!l&de% two art%*

B M&ltile related %o#t $andover )ran!$e% low t$e

re&ired "argin #or #ading' w$i!$ re%&lt% in "&lti7!ell

gain.

B 2ain #or t$e link de"od&lation o# t$e %o#t $andover

"ar!o diver%it( !o")ining gain.

3$e S>O 2ain over ,a%t ,ading re#er to t$e "a!ro

diver%it( !o")ining gain.

3$i% val&e i% o)tained t$ro&g$ %i"&lation. 3$e t(i!al

val&e i% 1. d6.


57/73



1Q.S>O 2ain over Slow ,ading d6/

A% "entioned a)ove' t$e %o#t $andover gain

in!l&de% two art%*

B M&ltile irrelated %o#t $andover )ran!$e% low t$e

re&ired "argin #or #ading' w$i!$ re%&lt% in "&lti7

!ell gain.

B 2ain #or t$e link de"od&lation o# t$e %o#t

$andover "ar!o diver%it( !o")ining gain.

3$e S>O 2ain over ,a%t ,ading re#er% to t$e "a!ro

diver%it( !o")ining gain.

3$i% val&e i% o)tained t$ro&g$ %i"&lation.


58/73



90. Mini"&" Signal Strengt$ Re&ired d6"/

A#ter t$e inter#eren!e #a!tor% and t$e #a!tor%

degrading t$e er#or"an!e are !on%idered' t$e %ignal

%trengt$ re&ired )( t$e !orre!t de"od&lation i%

re!eiver %en%itivit( in t$e network.

Mini"&" Signal Strengt$ Re&ired

G Sen%itivit( o# Re!eiver d6"/ 7 2ain o# Antenna

d6i/

6od( o%% d6/ Inter#eren!e Margin d6/

Margin #or 6a!kgro&nd Noi%e d6/ 7 S>O 2ain over

#a%t #ading d6/ ,a%t ,ading Margin d6/


59/73



S&""ar(* Cell edge at$ lo%%

6a%ed on t$e "a;i"&" at$ lo%% allowed )( t$e link'

t$e at$ lo%% "edian at t$e !ell edge !an )e

!al!&lated i# t$e #ading "argin and %o#t $andover gain

#or roviding t$e re&ired edgearea !overage

ro)a)ilit( and t$e enetration lo%% o# indoor !overage

are !on%idered.

Pat$ o%% d6/ G V EiRP d6"/ 7 Mini"&" Signal

Strengt$ Re&ired d6"/ 7 Penetration o%% d6/ 7

Slow ,ading Margin d6/ S>O 2ain over Slow,ading d6/


60/73







61/73


,&nda"ental Prin!ile

ink 6&dget* ink

6&dget intend% to

e%ti"ate t$e %(%te"

!overage )(

anal(-ing t$e #a!tor%

o# t$e roagation

o# t$e #orward %ignal

and rever%e %ignal' in

order to o)tain t$e

"a;i"&"

roagation lo%% a#ter

!ertain

!o""&ni!ation%

&alit( i% en%&red.

$0

Co#-iner

Duple,er)eeder

'0

PoutB.

cB.fB.

aB.NodeB

$0

'0

PoutU"

aU"

U"

Co#-inerDuple,er

P21D2P2

1U2

Bod+ oss

)ading

Margin

Penetration

oss


62/73


Algorit$"

PDGPo&t6S #6S2a6S2aUE 2aS>O M! M# MI ) SUE

B PD* Ma;i"&" roagation lo%% o# t$e downlink

B Po&tUE* Ma;i"&" tran%"it ower o# t$e tra##i! !$annel o# t$e 6S

B #6S* Ca)le lo%%

B 2a6S* Antenna gain o# t$e 6S? 2aUE* Antenna gain o# t$e MS

B 2aS>O* 2ain o# %o#t $andover

B M!* Margin #or #a%t ower !ontrol

B M#* Slow #ading "argin related to t$e roagation environ"ent/

B MI* Inter#eren!e "argin related to t$e de%igned %(%te" !aa!it(/

B * Penetration lo%% o# a )&ilding &%ed i# indoor !overage i% re&ired/

B )* 6od( lo%%

B SUE* Sen%itivit( o# UE re!eiver related to #a!tor% %&!$ a% %ervi!e and

"&lti7at$ !ondition/

Downlink (forward)Downlink (forward)


63/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Downlink 6&dget

Ma; Power o# 3C>

Ca)le o%%

2ain o# 6S 3; Antenna

EIRP

2ain o# UE R; Antenna

6od( o%%

Noi%e ,ig&re UE/

E)v%No Re&ired UE/

Sen%itivit( o# UE Re!eiverD Cell oading

Inter#eren!e Margin

6a!kgro&nd Noi%e evel

Margin #or 6a!kgro&nd Noi%e

S>O 2ain over ,a%t ,ading

,a%t ,ading Margin

Mini"&" Signal Strengt$

Re&ired

Penetration o%%

Std. dev. o# Slow ,ading

Edge !overage Pro)a)ilit(

Slow ,ading Margin

S>O 2ain over Slow ,ading


64/73


Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Downlink 6&dget 1%Downlink Cell oading

Downlink !ell loading #a!tor i% de#ined in two wa(%* Downlink !ell loading load at t$e re!eiver*

3$i% de#inition i% %i"ilar to t$at o# t$e &link !ell loading*

B 3$e $ig$er t$e downlink !ell loading' t$e $ig$er t$e !ell tran%"itower' and t$e $ig$er t$e re!eiver inter#eren!e.

B W$en t$e downlink !ell loading i% 1005 ' t$e !orre%onding !aa!it(

i% t$e &t"o%t !aa!it( o# t$e downlink.

Downlink !ell loading at t$e re!eiver* 3$e ratio o# t$e !&rrent !ell tran%"it

ower to t$e "a;i"&" 6S tran%"it ower. C$ara!teri%ti!%*

B 3$e $ig$er t$e downlink !ell loading' t$e $ig$er t$e !ell tran%"it

ower. 3$e downlink !ell loading i% related to %ervi!e t(e' UE

re!eiver er#or"an!e' !ell %i-e' and 6S !aa)ilit(.

( ) ( )

+=

N

j

j

jjjDL vW

REbvsNoi

1

1

urrently& t'e later deinition is used in t'e lin *udget tool+urrently& t'e later deinition is used in t'e lin *udget tool+


65/73


* 1%78

Ele"ent% o# WCDMA Downlink 6&dget

9.Downlink Inter#eren!e Margin d6/

Downlink inter#eren!e at UE re!eiver*

3$e downlink load #a!tor i%*

3$e link )&dget tool &%e% t$e #ollowing t(i!al val&e%*

B ort$ogonal #a!tor * It i% o)tained t$ro&g$ %i"&lation. It i% related toenviron"ent t(e and !ell radi&%.

B Cell edge ad8a!ent7!ell inter#eren!e #a!tor

N

N

N

nnj

T

j

T

j

N

total

P

PPL

PPL

P

P

IjNoiseRise

++

==

=1

"

1)1(

)(

jDLf " =

N

n nj

ownj

PL

PL

1 "

"

j

( )( )

=

+=

J

jjDLj

jjjob

DL f

W

RVNE

1"

)1(#

9where :9where :


66/73







67/73


3ower Mo&nted A"li#ier 3MA/

3MA

A 3MA lo!ate t$e o%ition

&nder t$e antenna

A 3MA i% ow noi%e a"li#ier

A 3MA $el% to i"rove t$e

&link re!eive %en%itivit( and

en$an!e% t$e &link !overage

A 3MA &%&all( $a% 0.4d6 lo%%in t$e downlink.


68/73


A!ade"i! !al!&lation a)o&t 3MA

Acade#ic calculation a-out $MA i#pro!e the uplink recei!e sensiti!it+Acade#ic calculation a-out $MA i#pro!e the uplink recei!e sensiti!it+


69/73


3$e e;a"le o# a!ade"i! !al!&lation a)o&t 3MA

i"rove t$e &link re!eive %en%itivit(

Re!eiver C$ain Noi%e ,ig&re

Wit$o&t 3MA* 9.H9.9 d6

Wit$ 3MA 1.4 d6

3$e e;a"le o# a!ade"i! !al!&lation a)o&t 3MA

Noi%e ,ig&re 2ain

3MA 1.H 19

4


70/73


H7antenna% Re!eive Diver%it(

HAntenna re!eive diver%it(

HAntenna re!eive diver%it( $a%two t(e%

3wo Cro%%7olar antenna%

,o&r antenna% HAntenna re!eive diver%it(

$el% to i"rove t$e &link re!eiveer#or"an!e

i"rove t$e &link !overage and!aa!it( er#or"an!e

HAntenna re!eive diver%it( neede&i"ent %&ort


71/73



HR;Div rin!ile diver%it( gain

Re%i%t #a%t #ading

Correlation !o")ination

2ain relate% to "&lti7at$

'%ervi!e '%eed' antenna

er#or"an!e

9R;Div T HR;Div Red&!e t$e re&ire"ent a)o&t

E)No


72/73



Co"ared wit$ a do&)le7antenna re!eive diver%it(' H7antenna

re!eive diver%it( re&ire% lower E)No.

2ain o# H7antenna re!eive diver%it( !o"ared wit$ do&)le7

antenna re!eive diver%it(/

Area C$annel E)No i"rove"entCaa!it(7)a%ed

gain

Coverage7)a%ed

gain

>ig$7den%it(

&r)an area3U 9.H 1.4 1.4

Co""on &r)anarea

3U 9.H 1.4 1.4

S&)&r) RA190 9. 1.44 1.Q

R&ral area RA190 9. 1.44 1.Q


73/73

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