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HOWTOREPRESENTOBSERVATIONSINTHEFIELD?

PierreleRay

The graphical representation of your work should simplify the global organisation of the agrarianlandscape: it is not appropriate to represent each plot of land, plant or rocky outcrop. It is therefore atheoreticalmodelthatisnotanexactreplicationofreality.

Therearenorules:therepresentationmusthelpyoutoillustrateyourpoint.

Inthisdocumentyouwillfindsomeexamplesofhowtorepresentdatafromlandscapeobservations.Thesearenotexhaustiveexamplesbutwillshowyouthemostfrequentlyusedrepresentations.

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1. “I wanted to show that the diversity of the landscape is organised according to its distance from a place where people live.”

Therearemanydifferentcases, inparticular inareaswherethetopography isnotverymarked. In theseplaces,practicesoftendifferinrelationtothedistancewiththelivingplace:moredistantlocationsmeanlesssurveillanceandgreaterdifficultytotransportmanureandwater.Inthiscase,a“bird’seyeview”canbeappropriate.

InHaut-Nyong,inCameroon,BassueletSchneider(2014)adoptedthismodeofrepresentation.

A. Typicalvillageofaccessibleperi-forestsavannah

B. Typicalvillageofisolatedforestryzones

C. TypicalvillageoftheSouthoftheHaut-Nyongdepartment

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2. “I want to show that the landscape diversity is organised according to agro-ecological levels (altitude and gradient).”

The land’s toposequence, thealtitudinal tieringof cropsor asymmetric landoccupationon thedifferentslopes,areagrarian landscapesthatareverycommoninhillyandmountainousareas, fromtheAndestotheBigorrehills in France. In this case, the landscape canbeeffectivelymodelledwith a two-dimensionprofileortransect.

Source:TouzardI.,TallecM.,DreyfusF.,BarbierJ-M.,FerratonN.(2001)

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3. “I want to show that the landscape varies according to the topography but that lateral variations also exist.”

Inthiscase,eitheryoucancreatemultipletransect-profiles,oryouwillhavetouse3-dimensionswiththeblockdiagram.Thismodeofrepresentationhastheadvantageofhighlightingtheorganisationoftheplots(sizeandshape).

Source:CastanerCarrionE.,GumpingerE(2014)

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1200#m#

1500#m#

1500#m#

2000#m#

saison#sèche#saison#des#pluies#

saison#des#pluies#

Palmier à huile Bananier/plantain Fruitier : avocatier, manguier, safoutier, colatier, goyavier Arbre sauvage Eucalyptus Raphia Troupeau de zébus Vache laitière Chèvres en divagation Porc (porcherie) Poule locale/améliorée Pisciculture Ruches

Habitation/village Habitations éleveurs Mbororos Maïs Taro/macabo Igname Haricot sec Manioc Arachide Patate douce Ananas Café arabica/robusta Cacaoyer

Légende : Riz Tomate Courge Pomme de terre Poireau Betterave Laitue Chou Carotte Oignon Céleri Cheval Mouton

Parcelle cultivée Parcelle irriguée Parcelle inondée Parcelle en jachère Route en terre Route bitumée Cours d’eau Carrière gravier/blocs Exploitation de la terre pour fabrication de briques Exploitation forestière

Source: Atger J.,TorbayM.(2014)

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4. “I want to emphasise a particular practise, or the co-existence of a diversity of practices within an agro-ecological unit.”

Youshouldnothesitatetomakethemostofyourfieldobservationsastheseareafully-fledgedpartofthelandscape analysis: pasture management practices, forage conservation, combined cropping, animaltractionorirrigationwillillustrateandcompleteyourglobalrepresentation.

Source:CastanerCarrionE.,GumpingerE.(2014)

� Bibliographymentioned:CastanerCarrionE.,GumpingerE.,Del'abandonà lareconversiondescaféièresdans leHaut-Mungo:unprocessusdediversificationsansprécédent:diagnosticagrairedansledépartementduMungoRégionduLittoral,Cameroun[Mémoire];IrcMontpellierSupAgroInstitutdesrégionschaudes-SAADS(Montpellier,FRA)-2014-176p.+Pdf[188p.]AtgerJ.,TorbayM.,Diversitédesstratégiesd'intensificationagricoledansuncontextedefortedensitédepopulation : diagnostic agraire du Mezam, Nord-Ouest Cameroun [Mémoire] ; Irc Montpellier SupAgroInstitutdesrégionschaudes-SAADS(Montpellier,FRA)-2014-200p.+Pdf[226p.]Bassuel A., Schneider A., Entre cultures industrielles et vivrier marchand : stratégies et logiquesd'agriculteurs : diagnostic agraire du département du Haut Nyong, Est Cameroun [Mémoire] ; IrcMontpellierSupAgroInstitutdesrégionschaudes-SAADS(Montpellier,FRA),2014-160p.+Pdf[162p.]TouzardI.,TallecM.,DreyfusF.,BarbierJ-M.,FerratonN.,Uneexpérienced'ingénieriepédagogiquemenéeauxPhillipines,UniversityofSouthernMindanao(USM),theInternationalResearchCentreforDevelopmentintheTropics(CIRAD)andtheNationalCentreforAgronomicStudiesintheTropics(CNEARC)inMontpellier,France.SponsoredbythePhilippinesCouncilforAgriculture,NaturalResources,andForestryResearchandDevelopment(PCARRD)andtheFrenchEmbassyinManila,2001-163p.