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OL=w uRw Vy=m u}=Q@=v@ w OQ=Ov =Q 'OvQ=O Q=Qk |a}@] l =N x@ C@Uv |QDq=@ |xDNrpmW j@=]t [25]"OvwW|t ?Hwt =Q xv}y@ C@ w]Q V}=Ri= w xv}W}@ lWN sHLOvyO|t u=Wv Vvm =w l =N =@ u=t}U C=QP '�10 x@ u=t}U Q=Okt V}=Ri= =@ '1K]U =@ |QDxv=OCWQO C=QP w OvwW|t Qo}Om} x@ C=QP QDW}@ uO}@UJ ?@U w'p@k Cr=L x@ C@Uv xDNr ,qt=m Q=DN=U u}= QO xm OvyO|t p}mWD QDtm |xS} wp}mWD Crax@ xS} w K]U Vy=m =@ 'Qo}O CQ=@a x@ "Ov=xOW QB |QDR} Q C=QP =@?PH p}Uv=DB 'xOW O=H}= |=y=[i u}= QO R} Q C=QP |Q}oQ=Qk w QDxv=OCWQO C=QPC@Uv x@ u=t}U C=QP sHL OL=w uRw uOw@ QDW}@ u}vJty "O@=}|t Vy=m ?;V}=Ri= |=Q@ Qo}O |rt=a 'l =N C=QP |=H x@ =yv; uOW u} Ro}=H w l =N C=QPQO G}=Dv u}= x@=Wt "CU= xv}y@ C@ w]Q Vy=m w xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw

[25w6]"CU= xOW VQ=Ro R}v |Qo}O |=yVywSB|=y|oS} w QO |D=Q}}eD RwQ@ ?Hwt '|a}@] l =N x@ uU=QDv; |r; |xO=t uOwRi=l =N x@ \w@ Qt sm =QD V}=tR; G}=Dv '2 pmW "CU= xOW l =N |m}v=mt w |m} R}ij@=]t "OyO|t u=Wv u=t}U =@ =Q u; |R=Uy@ C}a[w u}vJty w uU=QDv; |w=L?}DQD x@ 'xOwr; l =N |xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw w xv}y@ C@ w]Q 'QwmPt pmW|xv}y@ C@ w]Q =@ |a}@] l =N x@ C@Uv xm OvDUy 17(kN=m3) w �19 5 Q@=Q@V}=Ri= ?}DQD x@ '17 75 (kN=m3) |xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw w �17 9

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"CU= xDi=} V}=Ri= |]N CQwYx@ 'Q[=L VywSB QO xO=iDU= OQwt'u=t}U OYQO 30 w 20 '15 Q}O=kt QO xm OwW|t xOy=Wt 3 pmW j@=]tCtw=kt �50 R= QDW}@ '|Qw;pta RwQ 28 R= TB =yxvwtv |Q=Wi Ctw=kt V}=Ri=|xRwQ 28 w 3 Ctw=kt 'u=t}U �15 =@� CU= |Qw;pta RwQ 3 R= TB =yxvwtv28 w 3 Ctw=kt 'u=t}U �20 =@ ' (kPa)2781 4 w 953 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ =yxvwtvQ}O=kt 'u=t}U �30 =@ w (kPa) 3981 4 w 2681 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ =yxvwtv |xRwQ"OvDUy (kPa)4866 w 3237 2 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ =yxvwtv |xRwQ 28 w 3 Ctw=ktR= QDW}@ �30 'RwQ 28 QO |Q=Wi Ctw=kt 'u=t}U OYQO 10 w 5 Q}O=kt |=Q@|=yOYQO |=Q@ xm Ovm|t u=}@ w[wt u}= "CU= xRwQ 3 |=yxvwtv QO x@=Wt Q}O=kt?Um =Q sRq Ctw=kt 'xvwtv =D CU= R=}v |QDW}@ |Qw;pta u=tR 'u=t}U |q=@u}}aD |=Q@ XN=W l} u=wvax@ u=t}U � l =N |=yxvwtv |Q=Wi Ctw=kt "OvmCtw=kt x@ |@=}CUO Qw_vt x@ u=t}U � l =N |x}yD QO R=}vOQwt u=t}U |xv}tmVQ=Ro =Q Q[=L VywSB x@=Wt |H}=Dv 'Qo}O |=yVywSB "OwW|t xO=iDU= ?wr]t

[8w6]"Ov=xOQmuU=QDv; =@ xOW xOwr; l =N w |a}@] l =N VvQm � VvD |=y|vLvt '4 pmW|QwLtVvQm w 393(kPa) |a}@] l =N |}=yv |Q=WiCtw=kt "OyO|t u=Wv =Q�2 7 VvQm QO169 1 (kPa) uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N |}=yv Ctw=kt w �2 1 u;?Hwt 'l =N x@ uU=QDv; uOwRi= xm OwW|t xOy=Wt QwmPt pmW j@=]t "CU= xOw@��136� |a}@] Cr=L QO l =N x@ C@Uv |}=yv Ctw=kt |x_Lqt p@=k Vy=m|OvwQ x@ u=QoWywSB uwvm =D xm OyO|t u=Wv OwHwt `@=vt |UQQ@ "CU= xOW|xO=t uOwRi= =}; xm 'Ov=xDi=}v CUO l =N x@ |r; |xO=t uOwRi= OQwt QO XNWtu=QoWywSB R= |}xOa "OwW|t u; Vy=m =} Ctw=kt V}=Ri= ?Hwt l =N x@ |r;xm Ov=xDW=O u=}@ w xOW wQ@ wQ Ctw=kt V}=Ri= =@ l =N x@ |r; |xO=t uOwRi= =@

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|}=v=wD 'OwN K]U QO |ivt Q=@ Cra x@ TQ C=QP "CU= xOW xDN=OQB ha=[txi=[= TQ C=QP x@ ?; xm |t=ovy "OvQ=O =Q C@Ft Q=@ =@ |}=yuw} pO=@D w ?PHu}= x@ &OvwW|t Qw=vW TQ C=QP h=Q]= QO xOW QmP |ivt w C@Ft |=yQ=@ 'OwW|t|x}q OwHw Cra x@ "OwW|t xDio 11�DDL� |m} QDmr= ha=[t |x}q Cr=L?@U =ywQ}v u}= "OwW|t p=ta= TQ C=QP h=Q]= QO |vwo =vwo |=ywQ}v 'ha=[tl =N u=tDN=U w OvQ}o Q=Qk Qo}Om} Q=vm QO |Y=N pmW =@ TQ C=QP =D OvwW|tp=ta= s=vsy Q}e =} s=vsy |=yQ=@ u}@ xmv}= x@ xDU@ =ywQ}v "OvyO p}mWD =Q |UQ' wtHt QO "OvwW TQ C=QP u}@ x@P=H =} xai=O |wQ}v O=H}= Ea=@ Ovv=wD|t 'OvwWs_vt=vCr=L x@ TQ C=QP 'Ovvm x@re xai=O |=ywQ}v Q@ x@P=H |=ywQ}v xm |DQwY QO=@ T=tD QO 'C@Ft Q=@ =@ xQP Qy |=yxWwo xm |}xvwo x@ 'Ovvm|t ?PH =Q Qo}Om}u=tDN=U 'Cr=L u}= QO l =N C=QP "OvQ}o|t Q=Qk |ivt Q=@ =@ Qo}O C=QP K]U

[26]"OvyO|t p}mWD =Q xDNrx@ |r; O=wt uOwRi= =@ x]@=Q QO xDiQo CQwY |=yVywSB G}=Dv |xar=]t|x}q Ct=N[ Vy=m =@ 'l =N x@ =yv; uOwRi= xm OyO|t u=Wv |UQ |=yl =NQO l =N u=tDN=U uOW xOQWi u=wD|t =Q Qt= u}= Cra xm CU= x=Qty ha=[t=@ 'CU= xOW xQ=W= ,q@k xm xvwou=ty xH}Dv QO "CUv=O xai=O |=ywQ}v Vy=m QF==@ \=@DQ= QO [28w27]"Ovm|t =O}B xDNr u=tDN=U l =N 'QwmPt |xai=O |=ywQ}v Vy=m|v=w=Qi |=yVywSB uwvm =D ha=[t |x}q Ct=N[ QO l} QDmr=|O ?} Q[ Vkv?} Q[ QwPHt =@ ha=[t |x}q Ct=N[ '=yv; G}=Dv j@] xm CU= xOW s=Hv=|=y|oS} w OQwt QO 4 pwOH QO xm xvwou=ty [29]"OQ=O s}kDUt |x]@=Q l} QDmr=|Ol} QDmr=|O ?} Q[ 'uU=QDv; |xO=t xm |}=Hv; R= 'CU= xOW xQ=W= uU=QDv; |xO=th=Q]= QO xDi=} p}mWD ha=[t |x}q Ct=N[ Vy=m ?@U 'OQ=O ?; R= QDtmuU=QDv; |r; |xO=t Vkv u}=Q@=v@ "Ovm|t xDNr =Q l =N Q=DN=U w OwW|t TQ C=QP'xH}Dv QO w ha=[t |x}q Ct=N[ Vy=m x@ \w@ Qt u=wD|t =Q sm =QD G}=Dv QOl =N x@ uU=QDv; uOwRi= 'Qo}O hQ] R= "CUv=O l =N QO xDNr u=tDN=U O=H}=uwJ 'OwW|t =yv; |}=Hx@=HCrwyU xH}Dv QO w C=QP u}@ l =m]Y=Vy=m?HwtOwOLt TQ Q=OQ=@ C=QP \UwD u; ?PH w CU= |@]kQ}e |r; |xO=t l} uU=QDv;u}@ |=[i QO xO=t u}= |Q}oQ=Qk ?Hwt |UQ l =N x@ u; uOwRi= 'xH}Dv QO w CU=|}=Hx@=H CrwyU xH}Dv QO w C=QP u}@ l =m]Y= Vy=m =@ w OwW|t TQ C=QPG}=Dv "OwW|t xv}y@ C@ w]Q V}=Ri= w xv}W}@ sHL OL=w uRw Vy=m ?@U '=yv;

[30w20'19]"OQ=O |v=wNsy u=QoWywSB Qo}O |xOW x�=Q= G}=Dv =@ xOt; CUOx@C}a[w Ow@y@ ?Hwt uU=QDv; |w=L l =N x@ u=t}U uOwRi= '2 pmW j@=]t|xv}y@ C@ w]Q w xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw xm |}xvwo x@ &CU= xOW u; |tm =QD18(kN=m3) w �15 6 x@ 17(kN=m3) w �19 5 R= uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =NOL=w uRw |rm Qw]x@ w CU= xO}UQ u=t}U �30 =@ xOW |R=Uy@ |xvwtv |=Q@C@Uv u=t}U =@ xOW |R=Uy@ |xOwr; l =N |xv}y@ C@ w]Q w xv}W}@ lWN sHLs=Hv= R= p@k xmv}= x@ xHwD =@ "Ov=xDi=} Vy=m w V}=Ri= ?}DQD x@ 'xOwr; l =N x@'CU= xOW |Q=Oyov |m}DUqB |xU}m QO xDiyl} COt x@ xOwr; l =N '=yV}=tR;l =N =@ u; R= |WN@ "1 %O=O KQW Cr=L xU QO u=wD|t =Q u; QO uU=QDv; C}a[wCU= xOv=WwB =Q l =N C=QP K]U |Qo}O VN@ "2 'CU= xO=O |}=}t}W Vvm =w'xOwr; l =N x@ u=t}U uOwRi= =@ "Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk l =N |=yxQiL u}@ QO |k@=t "3 wVvm =w 'OvOw@ xOWv xOv=WwB uU=QDv; =@ xm l =N R=VN@ u; =@ u=t}U C=QP R= |WN@sHL OL=w uRw xm u=t}U C=QP |k@=t w Ovm|t O}rwD u=t}U � l =N w OyO|tOvyO|tVy=m =Q xS} w K]U w OvQ}o|t Q=Qk l =N C=QP u}@ |=[i QO 'OvQ=O |O=} R"OvwW|t xv}y@ C@ w]Q Vy=m w xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw V}=Ri= ?@U w

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Cw=iDt |Qw;pta |=yu=tR =@ xOwr; l =N |Q=Wi Ctw=kt C=Q}}eD Q=Owtv "6 pmW"u=t}U uwo =vwo Q}O=kt QO

Q@=Q@ xRwQ 3 |Qw;pta u=tR QO uU=QDv; |w=L u=t}U �10 =@ u=t}U � l =N |xvwtv20 w 15 =@ u=t}U l =N |xvwtv Ctw=kt u=R}t xm |r=L QO 'CU= 487(kPa)

w 950 7 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ xRwQ 3 |Qw;pta u=tR QO uU=QDv; |w=L u=t}U OYQOx@ C@Uv u=t}U �20 =@ xOW x}yD |xvwtv xm |}xvwo x@ &OvDUy (kPa) 2665 6u}vJty "OyO|t u=Wv =Q �183 Ctw=kt V}=Ri= 'u=t}U �10 =@ xOW x}yD |xvwtv� l =N |=yxvwtv QO |Qw;pta u=tR V}=Ri= =@ xm OwW|t xOy=Wt 6 pmW QOx}yD |=yxvwtv Ctw=kt u=R}t Q@ 'u=t}U C@=F |=yOYQO QO uU=QDv; |w=L u=t}Uu=t}U �10=@ u=t}U l =N |xvwtv Ctw=kt u=R}t ,qFt "CU= xOW xOwRi= xOW|r=L QO 'CU= 569 6 (kPa) Q@=Q@ xRwQ 3 |Qw;pta u=tR QO uU=QDv; |w=L790 1 w 724 '672 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ xRwQ 28 w 14 '7 |xvwtv |=Q@ Q=Okt u}= xmx@ C@Uv xRwQ 28 |xvwtv Ctw=kt V}=Ri= u=R}t xm |}xvwo x@ "CU= xOw@ (kPa)

"CU= xOw@ �39 Q@=Q@ xRwQ 3 |xvwtv'u=t}U � l =N '|a}@] l =N |}=yv |Q=Wi Ctw=kt |}xr}t Q=Owtv '7 pmWQ}O=kt |=Q@ =Q u=t}U =@ xOW |R=Uy@ uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N w uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =Nu=Wv xRwQ 28 |Qw;pta u=tR QO �OYQO 30 w 20 '15 '10 '5� u=t}U uwo =vwo|}=yv VvD Q}O=kt 'QDy@ xJ Qy |xU}=kt Qw_vt x@ QwmPt pmW j@=]t "OyO|txOy=Wt 7 pmW QO xm Qw]u=ty "CU= xOW sUQ V}=tR; OQwt |=yxvwtv s=tD'OwW|t wQ@ wQ Ctw=kt Vy=m =@ 'OwW|t xOwr; uU=QDv; =@ xm |v=tR l =N 'OwW|t

"uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N w |a}@] l =N VvQm � VvD Q=Owtv "4 pmW

Vy=m ?Hwt 'CU= ?; R= QDtm =yv; l} QDmr=|O ?} Q[ xm |r; O=wt uOwRi=QO w OwW|t l =N QO |R=U xDNr |xHQO V}=Ri= w ha=[t |x}q Ct=N[VywSB QO xOt; CUOx@ G}=Dv w [32w31]'O@=}|t V}=Ri= xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt 'xH}DvCU= xOw@ |H}=Dv |=DU=Q QO TmaQ@ w xOw@ =yv; |xOW ?Um G}=Dv hqNQ@ Q[=L=@ u=QoWywSB R= |}xOa ,qFt &CU= xOW VQ=Ro [30w29'2]'|Qo}O |=yVywSB QO xmxOv@UJ l =N x@ �pwv=B wQB w pwQU}ro 'uwDU=� |r; O=wt uwo =vwo |=yOYQO uOwRi=

[33w8'3]"Ov=xOW wQ@ wQ Ctw=kt Vy=m =@|oS} w w OvDUy |m} QDmr= Q=@ |w=L |UQ |=yl =N |xOvyO p}mWD |=y|v=m\@DQt =yu; |xS} w K]U w |m} QDmr= Q=@ u=R}t x@ =yu; |xr}Uw x@ ?; ?PHMg++ w Ca++'K+ 'Na+Ovv=t |}=yuw}D=m |xr}Uw x@ |UQ |=yl =N "CU=|=y|v=m OwHw sOa Cra x@ |r; O=wt R= |WN@ "Ovvm ?PH =Q |r; O=wt Ovv=wD|tQO w OvwW|tv TQ C=QP ?PH '?U=vt |xS} w K]U R}v w uOw@ |@]k sOa 'sRqQF-wt xOQ=w Q=@ QF= QO C=QP |}=Hx@=H CrwyU QO w Ovv=t|t |k=@ C=QP u}@ |=[i|r; O=wt Vkv =@ \=@DQ= QO u=QoWywSB C=ar=]t G}=Dv x@ xHwD =@ u}=Q@=v@ [34]"OvDUyxOwr; |=yl =N Ctw=kt Vy=m 'Qo}O hQ] R= w l =N QO xDNr Q=DN=U O=H}= QOC@Uv uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt Vy=m QO QF-wt pt=a u=wD|t '|r; O=wt x@l =N QO =yv; |}=Hx@=H V}=Ri= w C=QP |}=Hx@=H CrwyU x@ =Q |a}@] l =N x@|@]kQ}e |r; |xO=t l} uU=QDv; xm |}=Hv; R= 'Qo}O CQ=@ax@ "CUv=O \@DQt xOwr;x@ u; uOwRi= |xH}Dv QO w CU= OwOLt TQ Q=OQ=@ C=QP \UwD u; ?PH 'CU==@ w OwW|t TQ C=QP u}@ |=[i QO QwmPt |xO=t |Q}oQ=Qk ?Hwt '|UQ l =N=Q Ctw=kt Vy=m '=yv; |}=Hx@=H CrwyU xH}Dv QO w C=QP u}@ l =m]Y= Vy=m

"CW=O Oy=wN |B QOx@ xOwr; l =N |xOW |R=Uy@ |=yxvwtv |=Q@ =Q VvQm � VvD |vLvt '5 pmWpmW j@=]t "OyO|t u=Wv uwo =vwo |Qw;pta |=yu=tR QO u=t}U �5 =@ 'uU=QDv;w xOW =yxvwtv Ctw=kt V}=Ri= ?Hwt 'xOwr; l =N x@ u=t}U �5 uOwRi= 'QwmPt|=Q@ |}=yv Ctw=kt u=R}t "CU= xOw@ =yxvwtv |Qw;pta u=tR R= |a@=D V}=Ri= u}=u}= xm |r=L QO 'CU= xOw@ �1 89 VvQm QO 486 7(kPa) Q@=Q@ xRwQ 3 |xvwtv

"CU= xOw@ �1 49 VvQm QO 654(kPa) Q@=Q@ xRwQ 28 |xvwtv QO Q}O=kt=@ xOwr; l =N |xOW |R=Uy@ |xvwtv |Q=Wi Ctw=kt C=Q}}eD '6 pmW QOu=t}U uwo =vwo Q}O=kt |=Q@ �RwQ 28 w 14 '7 '3� Cw=iDt |Qw;pta |=yu=tRu=t}U uOwRi= =@ '6 pmW j@=]t "CU= xOW sUQ �OYQO 30 w 20'15 '10 '5�Ctw=kt u=R}t ,qFt "CU= xOW QDW}@ =yxvwtv |}=yv Ctw=kt u=R}t 'xOwr; l =N x@

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C=QP ?PH |r; |xO=t R= |OwOLt Q=Okt 'Qo}O hQ] R= "OwW|t p}mWD CNUx@ l =N C=QP w u=t}U ?}mQD R= xm 'CNU |xO=t p}mWD QO w OwW|t l =N|xO=t |k@=t =t= &OwW|t Ctw=kt V}=Ri= ?@U w Ovm|t CmQ=Wt 'O};|t OwHww x]=L= =Q u=t}U C=QP h=Q]= w Ov=t|t |k=@ l =N C=QP u}@ |=[i QO |r;Q=_Dv= u=wD|t Q}U=iD u}= =@ &Ovm|t |Q}owrH l =N =@ u=t}U |}=}t}W Vvm =w R=xD@r= 'OyO V}=Ri= =Q u; Ctw=kt 'uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N x@ u=t}U uOwRi= xm CW=Ou=t}U =@ OvDUv=wD|t u=t}U � l =N ?}mQD QO xm l =N R= |D=QP Q=Okt R= uwJ|xO=t \UwD u=t}U C=QP R= |Q=Okt u}vJty w CU= xOW xDU=m 'OvyO Vvm =wl =N x@ C@Uv u=t}U =@ xOW |R=Uy@ |xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt 'Ov=xOW xOv=WwB |r;"CU= XNWt 7 pmW QO |@ wN x@ w[wt u}= xm Ow@ Oy=wN QDtm u=t}U �uU=QDv; |r; |xO=t uOwRi= 'CU= xOW xQ=W= xm u=vJty 'xOW QmP OQ=wt Q@ xwqaxm CW=O Oy=wN |B QO =Q xOwr; l =N C=QP |}=Hx@=H V}=Ri= w CrwyU 'l =N x@=@ xOW |R=Uy@ |xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt Vy=m ?@U OwN |x@ wv x@ R}v w[wt u}=

[5]"CU= u=t}U � l =N x@ C@Uv u=t}UxOW s=Hv= C=ar=]t j@] xm CU= u}= 'CW=O xHwD u; x@ O}=@ xm |tyt |xDmvwv 'u=t}U |xr}Uwx@ u; |R=Uy@ C}r@=k w |r; O=wt x@ l =N |oOwr; XwYN QOCU= umtt |DL w CU= Q=PoQ}F-=D Q=}U@ u; =@ l =N |oOwr; u=R}t w |r; |xO=tu=t}U xm CiQo xH}Dv u=wD|t u}=Q@=v@ [2]"OwW u=t}U =@ |R=Uy@ C}r@=k sOa ?@UuU=QDv; |r; |xO=t x@ xOwr; l =N |R=Uy@ C}r@=k 'Q[=L VywSB QO xO=iDU= OQwtxDW=O =Q �|vRw �0 12 |DQ=@a x@ =} l =N sQowr}m 1 QO sQo|r}t 1200 u=R}t x@�

"CU=

l =N Q=DN=UR} Q x@ \w@ Qt G}=Dv "3"3QO l =N C=QP V}=Q; |xOy=Wt w =yxvwtv |Q=DN=UR} Q p}rLD w |UQQ@ Qw_vt x@|xr}Uw x@ xvwtv R= 'u=t}U =@ xOwr; l =N |R=Uy@ w uU=QDv; |r; |xO=t uOwRi= QF="CU= xOW |Q=OQ@Tma 'Q@=Q@ 6000|}=tvnQR@ =@ �SEM�|vwQDmr= AwmUwQm}t\wrNt w uU=QDv; =@ xOwr; l =N 'u=t}U � l =N '|a}@] l =N h=QowQm}t '8 pmW

"OyO|t u=Wv =Q u=t}U =@ xDi=} \qDN= |xOwr; l =Nu=tDN=U 'u; j@=]t xm OyO|t u=Wv =Q |a}@] l =N h=QowQm}t 'hr=8 pmWuU=QDv; =@ =Q xDi=} \qDN= l =N Q=DN=U '?8 pmW "CU= xDNr wv R= l =N'CU= xDNr R}v uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N Q=DN=U 'QwmPt pmW j@=]t "OyO|t u=Wv"CU= C=QP u}@ |=[i Vy=m |xOvyO u=Wv 'hr=8 pmW =@ u; |xU}=kt um}rx@ uU=QDv; uOwRi= 'CU= xOW xO=O K}[wD sm =QD x@ \w@ Qt VN@ QO xm Qw]u=tyVy=m ?@U '?; x@ C@Uv u; l} QDmr=|O ?} Q[ uOw@ QDtm x@ xHwD =@ l =Nl =N Q=DN=U w OwW|t TQ C=QP h=Q]= QO xDi=} p}mWDha=[t |x}qCt=N[l =N x@ C@Uv xOwr; l =N u=tDN=U xm CiQ|t Q=_Dv= u}=Q@=v@ "Ovm|t xDNr =QxDi=} V}=Ri= C=QP u}@ |=[i w OW=@ xDW=O |QDW}@ |R=UxDNr |xHQO '|a}@]p}rO x@ =v@ l =N |r=N |=[i Vy=m p}rO '?8 pmW x@ xHwD =@ u}=Q@=v@ "OW=@xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt Vy=m x@ \w@ Qt G}=Dv VN@ QO xm Qw]u=ty "CU= |Qo}O'|UQ l =N x@ uU=QDv; uOwRi= 'CU= xOW QmP |a}@] l =N x@ C@Uv uU=QDv; x@OwW|t xH}Dv ?8 pmW j@=]t w OwW|t u; C=QP |}=Hx@=H CrwyU x@ QHvtw OQ=O |QDW}@ Q=}U@ Q}F-=D 'xDNr Q=DN=U O=H}= C@Uv x@ |}=Hx@=H V}=Ri= u}= xm?Hwt |a}@] l =N x@ C@Uv =Q uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N |r=N |=[i Vy=m ,=D}=yv'CU= u=t}U OYQO 20 w 10 |w=L xm u=t}U l =N \wrNt h=QowQm}t "OwW|t

xOwr; l =N w uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N '|a}@] l =N |}=yv Ctw=kt Q=Owtv "7 pmWw 20 '15 '10 '5� u=t}U uwo =vwo Q}O=kt |=Q@ u=t}U =@ xOW |R=Uy@ uU=QDv; x@

"xRwQ 28 |Qw;pta u=tR QO �OYQO 30

xOwr; l =N QO 'CU= 393(kPa) Q@=Q@ xm |a}@] l =N |}=yv Ctw=kt xm |}xvwo x@u=R}t u} QDtm Q=Okt u}= xm CU= xOQm =O}B Vy=m 169 1(kPa) x@ uU=QDv; x@u=t}U � l =N |}=yv Ctw=kt "CU= V}=tR; OQwt |=yxvwtv u}@ QO |}=yv Ctw=kt=@ 'CU= xOW xQ=W= R}v 3 pmW QO xm Qw]u=ty 'QwmPt pmW QO xOW xO=O u=WvQ=mx@ u=t}U Q=Okt `@=D V}=Ri= u}= xm |}=Hv; R= w xDi=} V}=Ri= u=t}U Q=Okt V}=Ri=x@ \w@ Qt Ctw=kt u} QDW}@ u}=Q@=v@ 'CU= u=t}U � l =N |=yxvwtv |x}yD QO xDiQ

"CU= (kPa) 4866 Q@=Q@ xm CU= u=t}U �30 =@ u=t}U � l =N |xvwtvx@ xOwr; l =N |=yxvwtv |}=yv Ctw=kt |xU}=kt OQwt QO '7 pmW j@=]txOwr; |=yxvwtv QO u=t}U Q=Okt V}=Ri= 'u=t}U � l =N |=yxvwtv Q@=Q@ QO uU=QDv;xO=iDU= OQwt u=t}U xm CU= |vat u=O@ u}= w xOW =yv; Ctw=kt V}=Ri= ?Hwt',qFt "CU= xDW=O =Q uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N |R=Uy@ C}r@=k 'Q[=L VywSB QOQO u=t}U =@ xOW |R=Uy@ uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; |=yxvwtv |=Q@ |}=yv |Q=Wi Ctw=ktw 791 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ 'xRwQ 28 |Qw;pta u=tR QO u=t}U OYQO 20 w 10 Q}O=kt|=Q@ |OYQO 200 Ctw=kt V}=Ri= |xOvyOu=Wv xm CU= xOw@ (kPa)2354Ctw=kt 'OYQO 20 w 10 |va} 'u=t}U Q}O=kt u=ty |=Q@ w &CU= QwmPt |=yxvwtvQO xm CU= xOw@ (kPa)3981 w 1318 Q@=Q@ ?}DQD x@ u=t}U � l =N |=yxvwtv&CU= �200 OwOL 'u=t}U uOwRi= R= xOW pY=L Ctw=kt V}=Ri= R}v Cr=L u}=x@ 'Q[=L VywSB QO xOWxO=iDU= u=t}U ?wN Q}F-=D |xOvyOu=Wv w[wt u}= xm

"CU= uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N |R=Uy@ Qw_vtC}r@=k '|r; O=wt x@ xOwr; |=yl =N xm OvDUy Qw=@ u}= Q@ u=QoWywSB R= |}xOaw u=t}U C=QP uOv=WwB x@ p}=tDt |r; O=wt xm =QJ 'OvQ=Ov =Q u=t}U =@ |R=Uy@CUOx@ G}=Dv [36w35]"OwW|t uw}U=QO}y pta s=Hv= `v=t pta u}= w OvDUy l =NG}=Dv |=DU=Q QO w xOw@ =yv; Q_v hqNQ@ '�7 pmW j@=]t� Q[=L VywSB QO xOt;x@ xOwr; |=yl =N |wQ Q@ V}=tR; s=Hv= =@ xm CU= xOw@ [8w3'2]'|Qo}O u=QoWywSBu=vJty "CU= umtt u=t}U =@ =yl =N u}= |R=Uy@ xm Ov=xOQm |Q}oxH}Dv |r; O=wtQO uU=QDv; |r; |xO=t |Q}oQ=Qk C}a[w 'CU= xOW xQ=W= R}v sm =QD VN@ QO xmu=t}U uOW xi=[= =@ u}=Q@=v@ "CiQo Q_v QO u=wD|t VN@ 3 QO =Q l =N |xOwD|WN@ "OQm Q}UiD VN@ 3 QO u=wD|t R}v =Q |r; |xO=t Vvm =w 'xOwr; l =N x@x@ xm |v=tR &OvwW|tv xOv=WwB u; =@ w Ov=xOWv xDWe; uU=QDv; x@ l =N C=QP R=VN@ =@ xOwr; l =N 'OwW|t xi=[= u; x@ u=t}U 'xOwr; l =N |R=Uy@ Qw_vt

45

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QO "OvyO|t u=Wv =Q xRwQ 28 |Qw;pta u=tR QO u=t}U OYQO 20 w 10 =@Vvm =w l =N =@ u=t}U R= |WN@ 'xOwr; l =N x@ u=t}U uOwRi= =@ w Cr=L u}=&CU= xOQw; QO |}xkQw CQwYx@ =Q C=QP C}a[w 'u=t}U � l =N O}rwD =@ w xO=Ol =N =@ =yv; Vvm =w u=mt= w xOv=WwB uU=QDv; \UwD xm sy u=t}U C=QP |k@=tx@ u=t}U Q=Okt V}=Ri= =@ "Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk C=QP u}@ |=[i QO 'CU= xOW QDtmu=vJu; w OyO|t s=Hv= l =N C=QP =@ |QDW}@ Vvm =w u=t}U '�w8 pmW� �20w CU= xOQm x]=L= =Q l =N C=QP h=Q]= 'OwW|t xOy=Wt QwmPt pmW QO xmQO Ovv=tQ@= pmW u}vJty &Ov=xOW xOv=WwB R}v xOwr; l =N Pi=vt |t=tD ,=@} QkDCtw=kt O=H}= ?@U xm 'CU= xOW O=H}= xOW |R=Uy@ |xOwr; l =N |xOwDQ[=L VywSB G}=Dv p=LQy x@ "OwW|t �7 pmW j@=]t� ?}mQD u}= QO |}q=@uOwRi= =@ |Div |=yu@ QmwQO}y x@ xOwr; |=yl =N |R=Uy@ xm CU= xO=O u=Wv|=yV}=tR; s=Hv= =@ '|R=Uy@ G}=Dv R= QDy@ |@=} RQ= um}r 'CU= Q}PBu=mt= u=t}UuDiQo Q_vQO =@ w ?wr]t G}=Dv x@ pwYL CQwY QO w CU= Q}PBu=mt= |}=QLY|krD |OQ@ Q=m VwQ l} CQwYx@ =Q u; u=wD|t |O=YDk= w |]}LtCU} R \}=QW

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|Q}oxH}Dv "4l =N l} |m}v=mt w |m} R}i |=y|oS} w QO u=t}U uOwRi= QF= 'Q[=L VywSB QOw |y=oW}=tR; C=ar=]t j} Q] R= 'u; |R=Uy@ u=mt= w uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; |UQR= pY=L G}=Dv "CU= xOW |UQQ@ �SEM� =@ |Q=OQ@Tma ltm x@ |Q=DN=UR} Q

%R= Ov=CQ=@a Q=m u}='OwW|t l =N |tm =QD C=YNWt QO Q}}eD?@U |a}@] l =N x@ u=t}U uOwRi= ��sHL OL=w uRw Vy=m ?Hwt �OYQO 10 w 5� sm |=yOYQO QO xm |}xvwo x@|=yOYQO QO w |a}@] l =N x@ C@Uv xv}y@ C@ w]Q V}=Ri= w xv}W}@ lWNw xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw V}=Ri= ?@U �OYQO 30 w 20 '15� QDq=@

"OwW|t |a}@] l =N |=yxvwtv x@ C@Uv xv}y@ C@ w]Q Vy=m?@U 'xOwr; l =N QO xDNr Q=DN=U O=H}= OwHw =@ 'uU=QDv; |r; |xO=t uOwRi= ��l =N x@ C@Uv xv}y@ C@ w]Q V}=Ri= w xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw Vy=mCrwyU w l =N C=QP l =m]Y=Vy=m QO w[wt u}=Cra xm 'OwW|t |a}@]'uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N |R=Uy@ Qw_vt x@ u=t}U uOwRi= &CU=yv; |}=Hx@=Hw OwW|t xv}y@ C@ w]Q Vy=m w xv}W}@ lWN sHL OL=w uRw V}=Ri= ?@U

"OWN@|t Ow@y@ =Q xOwr; l =N |tm =QD C}a[w|a}@] l =N |xvwtv x@ C@Uv Ctw=kt Vy=m ?@U l =N x@ uU=QDv; uOwRi= ��V}=Ri= =Q xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt '|R=Uy@ Qw_vt x@ u; x@ u=t}U uOwRi= w OwW|tu=t}U OYQO V}=Ri= =@ QwmPt l =N Ctw=kt V}=Ri= 'Qo}O u=}@ x@ &OyO|t

"O@=}|t V}=Ri=xOv=WwB Cra x@ 'u=t}U =@ xOW |R=Uy@ uU=QDv; x@ xOwr; l =N Ctw=kt V}=Ri= ��w l =N C=QP =@ =yv; Vvm =w sOa w uU=QDv; \UwD u=t}U C=QP R= |WN@ uOWl =N C@Uv x@ '=yv; QDW}@ |}=Hx@=H w l =N C=QP l =m]Y= Vy=m u}vJty|R=Uy@ QO =Q u; C}r@=k w u=t}U C@Ft Q}F-=D pm QO |rw &CU= QDtm u=t}U �

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[9w8]"OvDUy|W=v |=yVvm =w |xH}Dv QO xm CU= |D=@}mQD xrtH R= s}Urm C=m}r}UwQO}yC-S-� |Q=YDN= Ctqa =@ ?}mQD u}= "OwW|t p}mWD u=t}U uw}U=QO}y R=C@Uv u; QO xm '�C : CaO 'S : SiO2 ' H : H2O� OwW|t xO=O u=Wv �HK]U 's}Urm C=m}r}UwQO}y |rY= |xYNWt "CU= Q=QkQ@ C=S = 1 5� 2CQwYx@?}mQD u}= "CU= O=} RCtw=kt w �100�700 (m2=g) OwOL� q=@ |xS} wQ}tN Ctw=kt ?Um QO |rY= pt=a 'pmW|@ w xDUw}B |xOvv=@UJ Q}tN l}s}Urm C=m}r}UwQO}y ?}mQD xmv}= x@ xHwD =@ u}=Q@=v@ &OwW|t ?wULt u=t}U�O8 pmW� u=t}U �10 Cr=L x@ C@Uv '�G8 pmW� u=t}U �20 Cr=L QO|=y|oS} w XwYNQO xOW xO=O C=L}[wD x@ xHwD =@ w OwW|t xOy=Wt QDW}@x@ �u=t}U �20� u=t}U � l =N QO Ctw=kt xm CW=O Q=_Dv= u=wD|t ?}mQD u}=,q@k G}=Dv u}= xD@r= &OW=@ QDW}@ �u=t}U �10� u=t}U � l =N QO Ctw=kt C@UvR}v u=t}U � l =N |QwLtlD Ctw=kt x@ \w@ Qt EL@ QO 7 w 3 |=ypmW QO

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=yCWwv=B1. stabilization/solidi�cation2. micro-structure3. macro-structure4. scanning electron microscope (SEM)5. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)6. uni�ed soil classi�cation system (USCS)7. environmental protection agency (EPA)8. very high concern list (VHCL)9. european chemicals agency (ECHC)10. uncon�ned compaction11. di�use double layer (DDL)

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47

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