overview of tokyo’s economy tokyo is the hub of japan’s ... · overview of tokyo’s economy...

Overview of Tokyo’s Economy

Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic Activity

[Sources] ・ Toyo Keizai, Inc. “Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory”

・ CAO “Annual Report on National Accounts”・ CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”・ BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market”・ JNTO materials

・ MIC / METI “Economic Census for Business Activity: Tabulation of individual industries (Manufacturing Industry)”

・ MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan”・ METI “Census of Commerce”・ MEXT “School Basic Survey”・ MIC “Employment Status Survey”

・ MIC “Population Census”・ Geographical Survey Institute, MLIT “Land Survey of Prefectures, Shi, Ku,

Machi and Mura”・ MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”・ MIC / METI “Economic Census for Business Activity”・ Small and Medium Enterprise Agency “White Paper on Small and Medium

Enterprises in Japan”

１27,094,745Population

2015377,974㎢

Land Area

201758,919,306Number of Employed Persons

2015

5,359,975Number of Establishments

2016(preliminary)

356,752　Number of Factories

2015

1,407,235Number of Establishments

(Wholesale, Retail)

2014

314.8 trillion yenValue of Manufactured Goods Shipments

2015

478.8 trillion yenAnnual Product Sales (Wholesale, Retail)

2014

78.3 trillion yenValue of Exports

2017

780Number of Students　2,890,880

Number of Universities

FY2017

75.3 trillion yenValue of Imports

2017(preliminary)

5,641

Number of ResearchInstitutes for National Sciences

2014

3,175Number of Foreign-Affiliated Companies

2017

539.3 trillion yenGross Domestic Product (Nominal)

FY2016

5,852Number of Enterprises Capitalized at 1 Billion Yen or More

2016(preliminary)

3,057 thousand yenPrefectural income per capita (all prefectures total)

FY2014

486,113 billion yenLoans Outstanding of Banks (Domestically Licensed)

end of December2017

70.6％2012

100.6 trillion yenGross Prefectural Product

FY201464,527

Number of Establishments(Information and Communications)

2016(preliminary)

28.7 millionNumber of Foreign Visitors

2017(preliminary)

1,633,861Number of Enterprises

2016(preliminary) 99.7％

Ratio of Small andMedium Enterprises

2014

Ratio of Tertiary IndustryPersons Engaged in Work

*including establishments owned by national and local governments

(Service Activities) (all prefectures total)

*2011 average

2 Industry and Employment in Tokyo − A Graphic Overview 2018

Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic Activity

[Sources] ・ Toyo Keizai, Inc. “Foreign Affil iated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory”

・ TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts, preliminary and estimated”・ CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”・ BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market”・ TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs materials

・ MIC / METI “Economic Census for Business Activity: Tabulation of individual industries (Manufacturing Industry)”

・ Tokyo Customs materials・ METI “Census of Commerce”・ MEXT “School Basic Survey”・ MIC “Employment Status Survey”

・ MIC “Population Census”・ Geographical Survey Institute, MLIT “Land Survey of Prefectures, Shi, Ku, Machi

and Mura”・ MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”・ MIC / METI “Economic Census for Business Activity”・ TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research

13,515,271（10.6％）Population

20152,194㎢（0.6％）

Land Area

2017 8,006,399（13.6％）

Number of EmployedPersons (based on workplace)

201515,920,405

Daytime Population

2015

623,656（11.6％）Number of Establishments

2016(preliminary)

27,142（7.6％）Number of Factories

2015

157,968（11.2％）

Number of Establishments(Wholesale, Retail)

2014

8.5trillion yen（2.7％）

Value of ManufacturedGoods Shipments

2015

167.9 trillion yen（35.1％）Annual Product Sales (Wholesale, Retail)

2014

17.5 trillion yen（22.3％）

Value of Exports (Port of Tokyo, Haneda Airport, and Narita Airport)

2017(preliminary)24.8 trillion yen（32.9％）

Value of Imports (Port of Tokyo, Haneda Airport, and Narita Airport)

2017(preliminary)

889（15.8％）

Number of ResearchInstitutes for National Sciences

2,422（76.3％）

Number of Foreign-Affiliated Companies

2017

104.3 trillion yenGross Prefectural Domestic Product (Nominal)

FY2015

2,973（50.8％）

Number of EnterprisesCapitalized at 1 Billion Yen or More

2016(preliminary)

4,512 thousand yen（147.6％）Prefectural income per capita

FY2014

206.5 trillion yen（42.5％）

Loans Outstanding of Banks (Domestically Licensed)

end of December 2017

81.5％Ratio of Tertiary IndustryPersons Engaged in Work

2012 20.0 trillion yen（19.9％）

Gross Prefectural Product (Service Activities)

FY2014 22,062（34.2％）

Number of Establishments(Information and Communications)

2016(preliminary)

13.1 millionNumber of Foreign Travelers to Tokyo

2016

248,990（15.2％）Number of Enterprises

2016(preliminary) 98.9％Ratio of Small andMedium Enterprises

2014

138（17.7％）Number of Students 754,388（26.1％）

Number of Universities

FY2017

Percentage in parentheses represents the proportion to the national total. Number of factories means the number of establishments in manufacturing industry where manufacturing activities are actually conducted.

2014

※ 2011 average

*including establishments owned by national and local governments

3Industry and Employment in Tokyo − A Graphic Overview 2018

While Forming Huge Economic Base, Tokyo Faces 　　　Acceleration of Demographic AgingOverview of Tokyo’s Economy

1

4 5

Tokyo’s Economy is Comparable to a Country’s Economy

Establishments of Information and Communications are Concentrated in Tokyo

Number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Accounts for 98.9% of All Enterprises

Gross domestic product (nominal) by country(worldwide, 2015)

(100 billion dollars)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120(1,000 yen)(Trillion yen)

Prefectural income per capita (right axis)

Gross prefectural domestic product (nominal)

94.9

37.9 36.030.3

20.9 20.0

4,512

3,013

3,527

2,929

2,903 2,970

Gross prefectural domestic product(nominal), prefectural income per capita by prefecture

(nationwide, FY 2014)

180.4

110.6

43.833.6

28.6 24.2 21.018.2 17.7 15.5 13.8 13.3 12.4 11.9 11.5 8.7 8.6

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

USA

China

Japan

Germany

UK

France

India

Italy

Brazil

Canada

South Korea

Russia

Australia

Spain

Mexico

Tokyo

Turkey

Tokyo

Osaka

Aichi

Kanagawa

Saitama

Chiba

Note: Theabovecomparisonismadefor2015(calendaryear),exceptTokyo(fromApril1st,2015toMarch31st,2016)andAustralia(fromJuly1st,2015toJune30th,2016).ThegrossprefecturalproductinTokyoisconvertedtoUSdollarsbyusingtheexchangerate(1USdollar=120.13yen)calculatedfromtheAnnualReportonNationalAccountsforFY2015(CAOESRI).

Source:TMG“AnnualReportonPrefecturalAccountsofTokyo”

Note: Industrialdivisionswithsmallandmediumenterprisesof1,000ormorearelisted.SMEsandsmallenterprisesaredefinedinaccordancewiththedefinitionsin theSmallandMedium-sizeEnterpriseBasicAct.Establishmentsunable toclassify towhether thebusinessestablishmentsofSMEsor largeenterprisesbecauseeitherindustrialclassifications,numberofregularemployeesorcapitalsizeisunknownareexcluded.ThenumberofmediumenterprisesisthenumberobtainedbydeductingthenumberofsmallenterprisesfromthenumberofSMEs.ThepercentageofSMEs=numberofSMEs/numberofallenterprises × 100.

Source:MIC “EconomicCensus forBusinessFrame” reorganizedbyTMGBureauofIndustrialandLaborAffairs

Note: Top6prefecturesbygrossprefecturaldomesticproductSource:CAO“AnnualReportonPrefecturalAccounts”

Numbers of enterprises by industry and enterprise size,and percentage of SMEs (Tokyo, 2014)

All industries total

Construction

Manufacturing

Information and communications

Transport and postal services

Wholesale and retail trade

Finance and insurance

Education, learning support

Medical, health care and welfare

Services, n.e.c.

Real estate and goods rental

and leasing

Scientific research, professional

and technical services

Accommodations, eating

and drinking services

Living-related and personal services

and amusement services

0

90

92

94

96

98

100

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Large enterprise Medium enterprise(10,000 enterprises) （％）

Percentage of SMEs(right axis)

Small enterprise

3.74.6

1.8 1.1

9.9

0.5

5.03.7

6.2

3.6

1.02.6 1.6

98.9

99.698.4

96.1

99.0 98.6

96.9

99.7 99.099.5

99.599.4

99.7

96.7Percentage in the whole country(right axis)

Others

Company

Individualproprietorships

4.2 4.9

2.3 1.6

15.8

1.1

6.2 4.3

9.3 4.8

1.8

4.8 4.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

30(10,000 establishments) （％）

11.8 8.2 10.1

34.1

12.2 11.2

13.0

16.1 18.8

12.8

9.9 10.8 11.4 11.0

Number of establishments and percentagein the whole country by industry (Tokyo, 2014)

All industries total

Construction

Manufacturing

Information and communications

Transport and postal services

Wholesale and retail trade

Finance and insurance

Education, learning support

Medical, health care and welfare

Services, n.e.c.

Real estate and goods rental

and leasing

Scientific research, professional

and technical services

Accommodations, eating

and drinking services

Living-related and personal services

and amusement services

Note: Industrialdivisionswithestablishmentsof10,000ormorearelisted.Source:MIC“EconomicCensusforBusinessFrame”


While Forming Huge Economic Base, Tokyo Faces 　　　Acceleration of Demographic AgingTokyo’s Economic Base and Characteristics

2 3

6 7

Growth of Gross Prefectural Domestic Product in Tokyois Expected to be Negative for Three Consecutive Years

Tertiary Industry Accounts for About 90% ofGross Prefectural Domestic Product in Tokyo

Acceleration of Declining Birth Rate/Aging Population Advances and Demographic Structure Drastically Changes

Compared with Other Countries in the World,Population Aging Rate is High

Note: Figuresin2015andbeforeareactualbasedon“PopulationCensus”.Figuresfornationwidein2020orafterareestimatesbytheNationalInstituteofPopulationandSocialSecurityResearch.FigureforTokyoin2020andafterareestimatesbyTMGOfficeoftheGovernorforPolicyPlanning.

Source:MIC“PopulationCensus”,TMG“ActionPlan for2020”,National InstituteofPopulationandSocialSecurityResearch“EstimatedFuturePopulationinJapan”

Note: Populationagingrate is thepercentageof thepopulationaged65andover inthetotalpopulation.FiguresforJapanandTokyoin2015andbeforeareactualvaluesbasedonthe“PopulationCensus”.FiguresforTokyo in2020andafterareestimatesby theTMGOfficeof theGovernor forPolicyPlanning.FiguresforJapan in2020andafterareestimatesbyusing the resultsof “PopulationCensus2010”asthestandardpopulationanddonotlinktothefiguresin2015.Allfiguresoftheothercountriesareestimates.

Source:MIC“PopulationCensus”,National InstituteofPopulationandSocialSecurityResearch“EstimatedFuturePopulationinJapan”,TMG“ActionPlanfor2020”,UN“WorldPopulationProspects”

Note: FiguresforFY2015arepreliminaryandfiguresforFY2016areestimates.Source:TMG“AnnualReportonPrefecturalAccountsofTokyo”, “AnnualReporton

PrefecturalAccountsofTokyo,preliminaryandestimated”

Note: Taxesanddutieson imports,anddeductionofconsumption taxes forgrosscapitalformationareexcluded.

Source:TMG“AnnualReportonPrefecturalAccountsofTokyo”

Gross prefectural domestic product in Tokyoyear-on-year growth rate

(Real, Chain-linked method) (Tokyo)

Gross prefectural domestic product (nominal) by economic activity and percentage of the tertiary industry (Tokyo)

0.5

- 2.7

- 3.8

1.2

2.1

0.4

2.0

- 0.7 - 0.3

- 1.1

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16(FY)

（％）

10.510.5 8.98.9 9.09.0

24.0 20.4 21.1

11.58.9 9.0

10.411.5 11.7

11.110.92.5

11.2

2.5

11.1

ManufacturingManufacturingConstructionConstruction

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale and retail trade

Finance and insuranceFinance and insurance

Real estateReal estateTransport and postal servicesTransport and postal services

Information and communicationsInformation and communications

Professional and scientific/technical,business support services

Professional and scientific/technical,business support services 12.0 12.3

106.9102.1 104.3

85.9Percentage oftertiary industry (right axis) 86.3 86.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15(FY)

（％）(Trillion yen)

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries MiningManufacturing ConstructionElectricity, gas, water and waste disposal business Wholesale and retail tradeFinance and insurance Real estateTransport and postal services Information and communicationsAccommodations, eating and drinking servicesProfessional and scientific/technical, business support servicesPublic services EducationPublic health/hygiene and social work Other services

Tertiary industry

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

180

160

(100,000 persons)

Estimated values

Unknown

1,300

1,200

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

(100,000 persons)

83.1

23.9

116.2

85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

12.612.6

13.4

14.414.4 16.916.9 19.119.1

15.715.7 15.315.3 13.4

87.387.3 90.490.4

91.391.3

15.215.216.016.0 15.915.9

135.2135.2 138.5138.5 139.8139.8

24.124.1

17.817.8

72.972.9

127.4127.4

1,171 Nationwide(right axis)

1,271

1,019

6.019806.0

83.1

23.9

3.03.0

15 years old and under15 years old and under

15 to 64 years old15 to 64 years old

65 to 74 years old65 to 74 years old

75 years oldand over75 years oldand over

Population and estimated future population by age(Tokyo / nationwide)

3.8

22.7

Tokyo

29.3

5.7

26.6 Japan

35.3

SouthKorea

China

Sweden

UK

France

GermanyGermany

USA

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1960 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

（％）

Estimated values

Population aging rate by country and area(worldwide)


Both People and Products Come and Go, and　　　　 Globalization is Expanding in TokyoOverview of Tokyo’s Economy

1 At Haneda Airport, Number of International Flight Passengers and Volume of Air Cargo Handled are Increasing Every Year

2 3Total Exports and Imports Value at Port of Tokyo is the Second Largest in Japan

Exports and Imports Value at Port of Tokyo Turns to Increase

Note: Top10portsbyexportsandimportsvaluearelisted.Source:MOF“TradeStatisticsofJapan”

Note: Asforcompositionratio,top6airportsarelisted.Source:MLIT“AirportmanagementReport”

Note: Figures for2017arepreliminary.HongKongandMacaoarenot included inChina.

Source:MOF“TradeStatisticsofJapan”

(Million persons) (10,000 tons)Number of passengers and volume of cargo handled (Haneda Airport)

Number of passengers Volume of cargo handled

1.8

12.8

65.0 Domestic flights

62.5

66.8

75.3

15.2

64.9

80.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 160.6

33.2

71.4

75.6 72.0

108.8

42.0

73.1

115.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Domestic flights

International flights International flightsInternational flights International flights

024681012

2007

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

(Trillion yen)

USA EU China Asia(except China) Middle East Others

Export

5.9

5.6

5.4

3.6

4.6

4.7

4.7

5.5

6.1

6.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12(Trillion yen)

Import

11.7

7.7

8.0

6.6

7.5

8.1

8.5

10.0

11.0

11.4

5.8 10.6

Exports and imports values by countryand region (Port of Tokyo)

Export Import

9.0

5.8

10.7

6.9

5.1 5.1

3.1

0.8

2.4

1.3

11.3

10.6

4.53.8 3.6

2.9

4.3

2.7

0.6

1.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12(Trillion yen)

Exports and imports value by port(nationwide, 2016)

Narita Airport

Port of Tokyo

Port of Nagoya

Port of Yokohama

Kansai Airport

Port of Kobe

Port of Osaka

Port of Chiba

Port of Mikawa

Port of Kawasaki

Number of passengers

Volume of cargo handled

International flights3.65 million tons

Domestic flights1.77 million tons

（％）

（％）

International flights82 million persons

Domestic flights210 million persons

Composition ratio of number of passengers andvolume of cargo handled by airport (nationwide, 2016)

Narita International

36.1

KansaiInternational

22.818.5 6.3 6.1 6.7

Haneda

31.08.9 8.1

Naha

8.07.1

Other airports

33.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

Osaka InternationalShinchitose

Chubu International

Narita International50.7

KansaiInternational19.4

11.55.14.54.5

Haneda 41.2Naha

12.4 11.2Fukuoka

11.2 7.6 13.8

0 20 40 60 80 100


Both People and Products Come and Go, and　　　　 Globalization is Expanding in TokyoTokyo’s Economic Base and Characteristics

4

7

5

6

In Recent Years, Number of Foreign Visitors to Japan is Drastically Increasing

Tokyo Hosted 6th Highest Number of International Meetings in the World

Tokyo Attracts Many Foreign-Affiliated Companies

Companies in Tokyo are Actively Expanding Overseas

Note: FiguresasofMarch. Incaseacompanyhasmultipleparentcompanies, theyarecounted induplicate.As fornumberof foreign-affiliatedcompanies, top5prefecturesarelisted.

Source:ToyoKeizai Inc. “Foreign affiliated companies in Japan, a comprehensivedirectory”

Note: Top7countriesandregionsin2017arelisted.Figuresfor2017areestimates.Source:JNTOmaterials

Note: Top10citiesbynumberofinternationalmeetingsheldin2016arelisted.Source:JNTOmaterials

Note: Figures as of the end of each fiscal year.ASEAN4:Malaysia, Thailand,Indonesia,Philippines.NIEs3:Singapore,Taiwan,SouthKorea. “Overseasaffiliate” is thecollective termofanoverseassubsidiary (a foreigncompanywithat least10% investment from theJapanese investors)andanoverseassub-subsidiary (a foreigncompanywithover50% investment fromoverseassubsidiarieswithover50%investmentfromtheJapaneseinvestors).

Source:METI“BasicSurveyonOverseasBusinessActivities”,PreparedbyTMGBureauofIndustrialandLaborAffairsbasedonRESAS(Originaldata:ReorganizingandprocessingMETI“BasicSurveyonOverseasBusinessActivities”)

Tokyo76.3

Kanagawa8.8

Osaka 4.0 Hyogo 2.5

Saitama1.4 Others

7.1

（％）

Total in Japan3,175

companies

0 20 40 60 80 100

North America Europe Asia

4.55.75.3 7.7Germany

11.7

France

6.6UK6.5

OtherEuropeancountries7.3

Canada Switzerland Netherland ItalyChina South Korea Other Asian countries Others

USAUSA 37.0

（％）

Number of foreign-affiliated companies by nationality ofits parent company (nationwide, 2017)

Composition ratio of numbers of

foreign-affiliated companies by prefecture (2017)

Number of foreign visitors to Japan by country and region(nationwide)

94.2 ChinaChina

637.4260.1 South Korea

509.0

138.5 Taiwan

416.8Hong Kong

183.9

81.6

USA

137.5

124.3

178.1 Others

398.0

834.7

2,404.0

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

(10,000 persons)

Australia

Thailand

735.6

714.0

456.4

223.2

454.2

2,869.1

(Meetings)

888906

304

225

526

342

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

465

Singapore

Brussels

Vienna

Tokyo Seoul

Paris

BerlinGeneva

Bangkok

Barcelona

126

Number of international meetings by city(worldwide)

Osaka12.7

Aichi9.1

Kanagawa4.9

Shizuoka

Others20.8

（％）

(1,000 companies)

3.0

7.6 7.9

4.2 4.52.7 2.81.4 1.63.2 3.32.8 2.9

China

ASEAN４NIEs３

North AmericaEurope

China

ASEAN４NIEs３

North AmericaEuropeOthersOthers

2.1

7.6

4.2

2.71.43.22.82.1 2.224.0

7.9

4.5

2.81.63.32.92.225.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15(FY)

Other Asian countries

4.1

2.72.02.82.41.515.9

4.1

2.72.02.82.41.515.9

Tokyo49.5

Total in Japan25,232companies

Number of overseas affiliates by located region(nationwide)

Composition ratio of number of overseas affiliates by prefecture

(FY2015)

Asia


1

3

2

4

Deposits and Loans are Accumulated in Tokyo

Universities and Research Institutes are Accumulated in Tokyo

Tokyo is Ranked No. 5 in theWorld as Global Finance Centre

Number of Joint Researches between Universities and Private Companies is Increasing Every Year

Tokyo 35.8

42.4

Osaka

8.4

7.9

5.2

3.9

4.8

3.8

3.8 Others 42.0

38.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Deposits779.1 trillion yen

Loans478.5 trillion yen

（％）

Kanagawa

Aichi

Saitama

Fukuoka

3.7

Composition ratio of deposit and loanby prefecture (nationwide, 2017)

806London

780787 New York

756

697

Singapore 744

673

Hong Kong 742

625

Tokyo

725

527

Shanghai

711

613

Toronto

710

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Global Finance Centres Index (worldwide)

Note: Figures fordepositsand loansareasofendofMarch (indomesticbankingbooks). Resolution andCollectionCorporation and JapanPostBank areexcluded.Offshoreaccountsarenot included.Deposits includenegotiablecertificatesofdeposit.Top5prefecturesarelisted.

Source:BOJ“DepositsandLoansMarket”

Note: Numberofuniversitiesandgraduateschools isasofMay1,2017.Numberof scientific anddevelopment research institutes is asof2014 (includingestablishmentsownedbynationaland localgovernments).Numberofpatentattorneysisasofendof2016.

Source:MEXT “SchoolBasicSurvey”,MIC “EconomicCensus forBusinessFrame”,JapanPatentOffice“AnnualReport”

Note: FiguresasofSeptember ineachyear.Top7citiesasofSeptember2017are listed.This isan index taking the relateddataand the resultsofhearinginvestigation to financialmarketparticipants intoaccount,with regard to thefive fields: “Businessenvironment”, “Development levelof financial industry”,“Infrastructure”,“Humancapital”and“Reputation”.

Source:Z/YenGroup“GlobalFinancialCentresIndex”

Note: “Organizationother thanprivatecompanies” includesgovernment, independentadministrativeagencies,localgovernments,foreigngovernmentagencies,foreigncompaniesandothers(universities,etc.).Amountofresearchfundsreceivedisthetotalofjointresearchesandfundedresearches.

Source:MEXTmaterials

17.2

Tokyo 54.6 Osaka15.1

Kanagawa7.4

7.1

Aichi6.5

5.1 15.4

4.7 Others 59.1

5.9 59.8

0 20 40 60 80 100（％）

Hokkaido 4.8

2.6

4.94.9

Ibaraki

4.9

Ibaraki

4.9

17.7 7.1 Hyogo

Composition ratio of number of institutes related to researchand intellectual property by prefecture (nationwide)

Number of universitiesand graduate schools780 schools

Number of scientificand developmentresearch institutes

6,633 institutes

Number ofpatent attorneys

11,089 persons

12.512.5

20.8 23.020.8 23.02.3

3.84.0

6.2

7.17.3

11.9

18.619.5

32.8

50.453.8

403403

641641

1,386

2,294

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Amount of research funds receivedfrom organizations otherthan private companies(right axis)

Number of joint researches(with private companies)

Number of funded researches (from organizations other than private companies)

Number of funded researches(from private companies)Number of joint researches

(with organizations other than private companies)

Number of joint researches(with private companies)

Number of funded researches (from organizations other than private companies)

Number of funded researches(from private companies)Number of joint researches

(with organizations other than private companies)

Amount of research fundsreceived from privatecompanies(right axis)

2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16(FY)

(100 million yen)(1,000 cases)

Number of joint researches with private companiesand research funds received by universities (nationwide)

As Finance and R&D Functions are Accumulated, Tokyo　　can be Expected to Collaborate with Growing SectorsOverview of Tokyo’s Economy


7

5

8

6

Small and Medium-sized Manufacturers (SMM) are Expected to Expand Their Businesses to Fields of Medical Care, Welfare and Nursing Care, Environment and Energy

Japan is Ranked No.2 in the World in Terms of Number of International Patent Applications by Residents

Market Size of Robot Industry Continues to Expand

R&D Expenditures of Japan is No.3 in the World

Note: Top5countriesin2016arelisted.Figuresfor2016areestimates.Source:WIPO“PatentCooperationTreatyYearlyReview”

Note: Multiple answers allowed.Only answers fromcompanieswho intended toenhance theirbusinessesorextend those tonewbusinessfields in the futurewereaggregated.

Source:TMG“CurrentStatusofSMEsinTokyo(ManufacturingIndustryEdition)”

Note: EstimatesofthemarketpredictioninApril2010.Rob-techproductsmeanstheproductsutilizingrobottechnology.

Source:METImaterials

Note: Top10countriesbygrossdomesticspendingonR&Darelisted.Source:OECD“GrossdomesticspendingonR&D”

072006 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 160

10

20

30

40

50

60

70(1,000 applications)

51.3 USA

56.6

27.0

Japan

45.2

3.9

China

43.2

16.7 Germany 18.3

5.9

South Korea 15.6

Number of PCT international patent applicationsby applicants’ country of residence (worldwide)

462.8

376.9

154.7

101.7

73.754.5 42.1 36.7 30.9 26.8

2.8

2.1

3.3

2.9

4.2

2.2

1.7

1.1

3.0

1.3

0

1

2

3

4

5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500(Billion dollars) （％）

Ratio to GDP (right axis)

USA

China

Japan

Germany

South Korea

France UK

Russia

Taiwan

Italy

Gross domestic spending on R&D and ratio to GDP(worldwide, 2015)

28.2

27.4

18.0

13.8

13.2

11.6

11.3

7.7

5.3

20.3

0 10 20 30（％）

Business fields where SMMs desire toenhance or expand their businesses

(Tokyo, 2015)

Medical care, welfare and nursing care related

Environment and energy related

Agriculture, food and biotechnology related

Health and sports related

Robot related

Infrastructure development and

maintenance related

Aerospace related

Risk management and disaster prevention

related

Nanotechnology related

Others0.7

1.0 1.3 1.62.7

0.8

1.6

0.5

1.0

2.6

5.0

0.9

1.6

2.9

5.3

9.7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2012 15 20 25 35

(Trillion yen)Prediction of the market size of robot industry by field

(nationwide)

Service field

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries field

Robo-tech (RT) products

Manufacturing field

As Finance and R&D Functions are Accumulated, Tokyo　　can be Expected to Collaborate with Growing SectorsTokyo’s Economic Base and Characteristics


1

3

2

Indexes of Business Conditions Has Been Improving Since October 2016

Closing Price of Nikkei Stock Average at End of Year Reached the Highest in the Last 26 Years

Real GDP Growth Rate Has been Showing Positive

Note: CI:Coincidentindex.Theshadowareasindicaterecessions.December2017revisedrelease.Source:CAO“IndexesofBusinessConditions”

Note: FiguresfromJan.2007toDec.2017arelisted.Dailyclosingpricebasis.Source:©NikkeiInc.

Note: QuarterlyEstimatesofGDPforOct.-Dec.2017(The2ndpreliminary).Figuresareseasonallyadjustedannualrates.Changesfromthepreviousquarter.Source:CAO“SNA(NationalAccountsofJapan)”

Nikkei stock average (nationwide)

22.76

68

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

(1,000 yen)

Closing price

（2010＝100） 120.2

7580

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Indexes of business conditions (nationwide)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

（％）

Nominal

1.11.1

Real

1.6

GDP growth rate by quarter (nationwide)

ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ ⅠⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ

Economy of Japan and Tokyo During 2017 as Seen　　　 Through DataOverview of Tokyo’s Economy


Economic Trends of Tokyo in 2017

54

76

Trade Balance Recorded Surplus for Two Consecutive Years

Production Indices Turned Upward for the First Time in Three Years

Sales of Departmentstores Turned to Upward TrendNumber of Visitor Arrivals Exceeded 28 Million

Note: Valuesofimportsfor2017andDecemberarepreliminary.Source:MOF“TradeStatisticsofJapan”

Note: Monthly figuresareseasonallyadjusted.Figures forTokyo inDecemberand2017arepreliminary.

Source:TMG“IndicesofIndustrialProduction”,METI“IndicesofIndustrialProduction”

Note: Figures for departmentstoresand supermarketsare sales valueof existingestablishments,figures forconveniencestoresareofallestablishments.ThegreaterKantoareaconsistsofTokyoandsuchprefecturesas Ibaraki,Tochigi,Gunma,Saitama,Chiba,Kanagawa,Niigata,Yamanashi,NaganoandShizuoka.Numberofnewvehiclessold is the totalnumberofpassengercars,compactcars,medium-duty trucks, small trucksandbusessold, anddonot includespecialvehicles,trailersandothersunabletoclassify.

Source:METI“MonthlyReportontheCurrentSurveyofCommerce”,JapanAutomobileDealersAssociationmaterials

Note: Figuresofvisitorarrivalsfor2017andDecemberareestimates.Source:JNTO“VisitorArrivals&JapaneseOverseasTravelers”

(2010 average = 100)

2017

85

90

95

100

105

110

2013 14 15 16 17

97.0

102.1

98.5

Nationwide

106.5

102.2

94.9

91.8Tokyo

97.9

Production indicesJan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

(Percentage change from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)

14.9 14.0 8.4

Values of imports

14.9 9.5 9.5 11.8 11.8

1.3 Values of exports

9.3

-20

-10

0

10

20（％）

69.8 69.8 78.3 81.2

75.3 75.3 5.4 5.4

7.3 6.5

6.9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0102030405060708090100

2013 14 15 16 17

(Trillion yen)(Trillion yen) Values of exportsValues of imports

2017

Monthly values (right axis)Monthly values (right axis)Annual totalsAnnual totals

Trade values (nationwide)

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

2017

1,0361,036

2,869

1,747 1,7891,789

230252

130130147147

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

201314 15 16 17

(10,000 persons)(10,000 persons)Visitor arrivalsJapanese overseas travelers

24.019.3

24.0 Visitor arrivals23.0

-5.5

4.5 1.5

Japanese overseas travelers0.9

-15

0

15

30

45

60（％）

Annual totalsAnnual totals Monthly values (right axis)Monthly values (right axis)

Numbers of visitor arrivals and Japanese overseas travelers(nationwide)

(Percentage change from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May JunJul

Aug

Sep

OctNovDec

2017

3.3

Departmentstores

0.6

-1.2

1.3

-1.1

2.0

-0.8

Supermarkets

4.13.8

2.3 2.6

Convenience stores

1.9

-0.6

3.3

6.8

Number ofnew vehicles sold

1.7

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

2013 14 15 16 17

（％）

Sales of departmentstores and supermarkets (Tokyo wards area)and convenience stores (greater Kanto area),

number of new vehicles sold (Tokyo)(Percentage change from the previous year /from the same month of the previous year)

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Economy of Japan and Tokyo During 2017 as Seen　　　 Through Data


3 4Business Conditions Among SMEs Have BeenAlternating between Growth and Decline

Number of Corporate Bankruptcies Exceeded Previous Year for the First Time in 8 Years

Note: DI= (Percentageofcompanieswhoanswered “favorable”) – (Percentageofcompanieswhoanswered“unfavorable”).

Source:TMG“BusinessConditionsofSmallandMediumEnterprisesinTokyo”

Note: Bankruptcompanieswithliabilitiesof10millionyenormore.Source:TMG“EnterpriseBankruptciesinTokyo” (researchedbyTokyoShokoResearch,Ltd.)

-22

-16

-24

-37-38-38-38-38

-42-42-43-43

-29-29

-15

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

2013 14 15 16 17

Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail tradeServices Total

Business conditions DI for SMEs by industry(Tokyo)

Annual total 2017 (right axis)

-10.4

-0.4 -10.3-1.9

-8.8

3.5

-14.0

Tokyo

-10.3

-25

-15

-505

15

25

35（％） (Percentage changes from the previous year /

from the same month of the previous year)

10,855

8,405

2,253 1,712

605696

123 130

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

201314 15 16 17

(Cases) (Cases)

Number of corporate bankruptcies

Tokyo

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May JunJul

Aug

Sep

OctNovDec

Nationwide

Nationwide

1 Both Cooperate Goods Price Index andServices Producer Price Index are on the Rise

Source:BOJ“CooperategoodsPriceIndex”,“ServicesProducerPriceIndex”

(2010 average = 100)

→2016 →2017

102.5

104.3

102

103

104

105 Services Producer Price Index

97.2

100.0

95

96

97

98

99

100

101Cooperate goods price index

(2015 average = 100)

Cooperate goods price index and services producer price index(nationwide)

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May JunJul

Aug

Sep

OctNovDec Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May JunJul

Aug

Sep

OctNovDec

2 Consumer Price Index Turned to Increase Compared with the Same Month of the Previous Year

Note: Allitems,lessfreshfood.Source:MIC“ConsumerPriceIndex”

99.4　

100.3

99.5

100.7

99.0

99.5

100.0

100.5

101.0

Tokyo wards area

Consumer price index

-0.1

0.9

-0.1

0.8

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0（％）

Tokyo wards area

(Percentage changes from the same month of the previous year)

(2015 average = 100)

→2016 →2017

Consumer Price Index

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May JunJul

Aug

Sep

OctNovDec Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May JunJul

Aug

Sep

OctNovDec

Nationwide

Nationwide

Business Environment of Enterprises in Japan and Tokyo During 2017 as Seen Through DataOverview of Tokyo’s Economy


1 2

3 4

Unemployment Rate Continues to Improve Active Job Openings-to-Applicants Ratio Continues to Rise

Total Cash Earnings Tend to Move Mostly Positive from Previous Year

Total of Non-scheduled Hours Worked are ChangingMostly within Negative Scale from Previous Year

Source:MIC,TMG“LabourForceSurvey”Note: Monthlyfiguresareseasonallyadjusted.Source:TokyoLabourBureau,MHLW“ReportonEmploymentService”

Note: Establishmentswith5employeesormore.Source:MHLW,TMG“MonthlyLabourSurvey”

Note: Establishmentswith5employeesormore.Source:MHLW,TMG“MonthlyLabourSurvey”

（％）

4.2

3.5

Tokyo

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.9

4.0

3.2

2

3

4

5

Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ2013 14 15 16 17 2016 17

Unemployment rate

Nationwide

2017

Annual average

1.33

2.08 2.04 Tokyo 2.15

0.93

1.50 1.431.59

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5(Times) Active job openings-to-applicants ratio

29.4

37.2 37.1 37.8

22.0

17.9 18.2 17.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

201314 15 16 17

(10,000 persons)

Number of active job openingsNumber of active job applicants

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nationwide

Numbers of active job openings and job applicants,active job opening-to-applicants ratio

2017Annual average

40.6 40.934.231.4 31.627.0

71.2

55.255.2

0

20

40

60

80

2012 13 14 15 16

(10,000 yen)

-0.9

0.5 0.30.9

-0.6 0.4-0.5

0.50.5

Tokyo

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4（％）

Tokyo

Monthly total cash earnings

Jan

Feb

Mar Ap

r

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nationwide

Nationwide

(Percentage changes from the previous year /from the same month of the previous year)

2017Annual average

11.9

11.411.1

11.411.4 11.4

10.4

10.810.6

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

12.5

2012 13 14 15 16

（Hours）

0.7-1.5

0.72.3

-4.9

-1.0

1.50.7

-12

-9

-6

-3

0

3

6（％）

Tokyo

Tokyo

Monthly non-scheduled hours worked

Jan

Feb

Mar Ap

r

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nationwide

Nationwide

(Percentage changes from the previous year /from the same month of the previous year)

Economic Trends of Tokyo in 2017

Business Environment of Enterprises in Japan and Tokyo During 2017 as Seen Through Data Employment Environment of Japan and Tokyo During 2017 as Seen Through Data


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