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Overview of the PAMBuoy system Cormac Booth Doug Gillespie Dick Baggaley
27th September 2012
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www.pambuoy.com
Introduction to PAMBuoy™
• SMRU Ltd has an extensive marine mammal background
• SMRU Ltd identified a gap in PAM ability, based on many years experience of current PAM tools
• CPODs, static PAM systems, etc
• Most remote systems require retrieval; • Cabled systems usually not an option;
• Opted to build a system to address these issues, the main objective being
Wireless data recovery to enable real time detection
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What is PAMBuoy™
A reconfigurable software acoustic signal processing(ASP) platform,
utilising advanced detection and classification algorithms
to reduce data volumes
which enables low power, real-time data transmission
Enabling mammal detections to reach your desktop in seconds
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What does a PAMBuoy™ look like?
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PAMBuoy™ applications
Monitoring sites of industrial activities
• Long term baseline and impact monitoring
• Distribution in time and space
Mitigation during industrial activities
• Detecting animals in the vicinity of pile driving, seismic exploration, explosives
Cumulative impact & noise monitoring
• Finding animals for visual study
• Population studies
• Behavioural studies
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How can you deploy PAMBuoy™?
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Data transmission: Processed data transmitted
by 3G mobile network
Data interpretation: Detection data analysis on shore
Data acquisition: High sampling rate (500kHz)
Data processing: Detection algorithms
Remote control: Unit is set-up and
maintained wirelessly
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PAMBuoy™ detection and classification
Marine mammals
DETECTION
SPECIES ID Bottlenose
dolphin Harbour porpoise
Baleen whales
Dolphins Porpoises Beaked &
Sperm whales
Seals NOT
DETECTABLE
Available offline
Right whale
In development
Beluga whale
Beluga / Narwhal
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1. Having your data on a regular basis; • Minimising data loss
2. Wireless and remote control – saves time and money: • Upload new detectors or sampling regimes;
3. Performance information • Quick to find out if there’s a issue with the system;
Benefits of real-time PAM
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PAMBuoy™ software Doug Gillespie
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Blue Whale
Fin Whale
Sei Whale
Minke Whale
Humpback Whale
Right Whale
Killer Whale
Northern Bottlenose WhaleLong-finned Pilot Whale
False Killer Whale
Narwhal
Beluga
Risso's Dolphin
Bottlenose DolphinWhite-beaked Dolphin
Atlantic White-sided Dolphin
Striped Dolphin
Common Dolphin
188
155-186
151-175
144-190
160
178
125-173
Sperm Whale
Harbour Porpoise
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
Lo
g A
vera
ge W
eig
ht (k
g)
Log Frequency (Hz)
Tonal Calls
Impulsive Calls
160-180
180
180
206-225
120
218-228
110-150
Dolphin clicks are known to cover this range but theirfrequency limits have yet to be clearly constrained
Summary of cetacean vocalisation frequency
R. Swift, J. Gordon
Large Baleen Whale 10Hz, 15s tonal calls
Harbour porpoise 150kHz, 200s Echolocation clicks
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• 100 – 150kHz narrow band signal.
• Easily distinguished
• Requires sampling at very high sample rates (typ’ 500kHz).
• Lots of samples:
– Lots of number crunching
– Lots of storage
0 0.1 0.2 0.3-2
0
2
Pa
A) High SNR Porpoise
0 100 20050
100
dB
re 1
Pa/
Hz
0 0.1 0.2 0.3-0.5
0
0.5
Pa
B) Low SNR Porpoise
0 100 20050
100
dB
re 1
Pa/
Hz
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
-20
0
20
Pa
C) Common Dolphin
0 100 20050
100
dB
re 1
Pa/
Hz
0 0.1 0.2 0.3-0.5
0
0.5
Time (ms)
Pa
D) Vessel Noise
0 100 20050
100
Frequency (kHz)
dB
re 1
Pa/
Hz
Porpoise Echolocation
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Its all about data reduction
• Sampling for porpoise clicks at 500kHz • 1 Megabyte of data / second • 3.4 Gigabytes / hour • 80 Gigabytes / day • 29 Terrabytes / year
• By detecting online, we are reducing this to 1 or 2 Megabytes per day. • Data reduction of 40,000:1 or 0.002%
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Hydrophone system
500kHz Sound Acquisition
Porpoise and dolphin Click
Detector
Dolphin Whistle Detector
Baleen Whale Detector ?
Disp
lays and
Data Sto
rage
Noise Monitoring,
Etc …
UK PAM system requirement
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Noise level
measurements
Dolphin whistle
detections
Porpoise click
detections
PAMGuard www.pamguard.org
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PAMBuoy™
• PAMGUARD is
Free, open source
PC Based
High Power
Need operator
• We have something
Small
Low Power
Fully autonomous
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The PAMBuoy™ ASP Software
Custom ground up C++ codebase
Designed to share processing between a DSP and an ARM
Flexible modular structure for fast detector/classifier development
Algorithms match that of PAMGuard
Data output formats are compatible with PAMGuard/Matlab
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What's in the electronics box?
Current function
In development
Sound Acquisition
DAQ
GPS
Power Management
Acquisition
Processor board
Processing
3G
Iridium
GPRS
Transmission
Acoustic signal processing Software
(ASP)
LR Wi-Fi
Data Storage Ethernet
Optical fibre
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PAMGuard Operation
Detection Data
Data Storage
Data Displays
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
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Operating modes: baseline
Detection Data
Data Storage
Data Displays
• Processing takes place on remote buoy
• PAMGAURD compatible data transferred for display / analysis
Detection Data
Data Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing Data Link
PAMGUARD
PAMBuoy
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Operating modes: mitigation
Detection Data
Data Storage
Data Displays
• Processing takes place on remote buoy
• Data transfer is immediate
Detection Data
Data Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
Real Time Data Link
PAMGUARD
PAMBuoy
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Operating modes: mitigate
Detection Data
Data Storage
Data Displays
Detection Data Data
Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
Detection Data Data
Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
Detection Data Data
Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
Detection Data Data
Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
Detection Data Data
Storage
Raw Audio Data
Real-time processing
• PAMGUARD can handle up to 32 channels of data.
• CPU load not a problem since work is done on individual buoys.
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PAMGuard used as real time mitigate viewer
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Noise monitor output, in mitigation mode
Live received noise levels with calibrated hydrophones
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Marine mammals have wide vocalisation range, 0 to 200kHz
Covering the complete range requires sampling at 500kHz
At 16-bits, 1 hydrophone generates 80GB of data a day
Rule of thumb, 1Channel/1Day/1GB ~ 6.2kHz sampling rate!
PAMGuard viewer used for offline analysis
Detector output density vs time
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Online real-time detection/status graphs
Select region and zoom
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• Sound Processing – Sound Acquisition
– FFT / Spectrogram
– Decimator
– FIR Filters
• Detectors – Click Detector / Classifier
– Tonal Detector
• Other – Sound Recorder
– Noise Measurement
– Long Term Spectral Average
PAMGuard Offline • Data Display
• Whistle Classification
• Reporting
Available PAMBuoy™ software modules
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Time Frequency contour for every call
Whistle data
Run classifier offline to assign to species
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Click Data - porpoise
Only waveform data sent back
Spectra, inter-click interval, amplitude calculated offline
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PAMBuoy™ deployment and communications
Dick Baggaley
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• Bespoke IP65 boxed option for OEMs
• Adaption to Datawell Waverider System
• Peli/Storm Case system and for various deployment and locations
• Integrated into Liquid Robotics Wave Glider Payload Bay
• Bespoke Solutions and applications for Acoustic Detection
PAMBuoy™ deployment options
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IP 68/65 boxed versions
Core electronics lunch box size
Hydrophone
PAMBuoy™ core electronics
Fit the device to your needs
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Datawell Waverider Option
Ideal as an easily deployable mitigation platform
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Peli/Storm case system
Suitable for large buoy, ship or land based deployment
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Liquid Robotics payload option
Configurable in mitigation or baseline modes
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Bespoke solutions
If it makes a sound, we can help YOU
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• Majority of PAMBuoy™ communications are IP based
– Allows a flexible comms architecture
Current communications options
• Ethernet and optical fibre
• Long range wireless, 2.4GHz, 900Mhz
• 3G/GPRS
• Satellite Data Links, – Iridium, under development
– Inmarsat, a future option
• Bespoke Solutions
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• Please ask one of the presenters for more information on
– Technical Details
– Case Studies
– Bespoke Solutions for You
Thank you
Please view the examples
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PAMBuoy®: A revolution in marine mammal monitoring