overview of the drug evaluation and classification program · decp / dre process step one...
TRANSCRIPT
Sergeant Paul Batcheller – Iowa City Police Department
Senior Police Officer Mike Dixson – Des Moines Police Department
Maurice Curry – Assistant Polk County Attorney
Overview of the Drug Evaluation
and Classification ProgramApril 28, 2015
Why do we need to identify
drug impaired drivers???
DECP – Two Levels of Drug
Impaired Driving Training
Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving
Enforcement (ARIDE)
Drug Recognition Expert (DRE)
DECP – Two Levels of Drug
Impaired Driving Training
Both programs developed and coordinated
through the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) in
conjunction with the International
Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
What is ARIDE???
Developed to bridge the gap between the
SFSTs and the Drug Evaluation and
Classification Program (DECP).
Provides officers with the foundation to
recognize the signs and symptoms related to
drug impairment.
What is ARIDE???
Enhances officers’ field sobriety testing
by teaching them additional tests which
often indicate drug impairment.
Officers obtain advanced awareness on
when to call a DRE.
Two-Day ARIDE Course
DAY ONE:
Consists of refreshing the officer’s SFST skills followed by a
proficiency exam.
Officers learn two new sobriety tests that often indicate
impairment by alcohol, other drugs, or a combination of drugs
and alcohol followed by a proficiency exam.
Officers are subjected to an alcohol workshop where they test
actual alcohol-impaired people and have to demonstrate
proficiency.
Two-Day ARIDE Course
DAY TWO:
Officers are given information on the drugs
contained in the seven different drug categories.
Officers are given basic knowledge of the signs and
symptoms of each drug category.
Officers learn about drug combinations.
Two-Day ARIDE Course
IMPORTANT REMINDER:
ARIDE is NOT a substitute for the DRE
Certification!
Drug Recognition Expert
DECP / DREProgram Goals
To make our community’s streets and highways
safer by removing drug-impaired drivers from
the road.
The DECP uses specially trained officers
utilizing a court-recognized and laboratory
and field-validated systematic and
standardized process.
DECP / DREProcess
Step One
– Establish that the person is impaired
Step Two
– Rule out medical impairment
Step Three
– Determine the category of drugs involved
DECP / DREMedical Rule-Out
DECP / DREBrief History
Developed by the Los Angeles Police Department in
the early 1970’s
Reluctance from physicians to get involved due to
their traditional low level of training in signs and
symptoms of drug impairment at street levels
1980’s NHTSA validated the DRE Program
– 1984 - Laboratory validation conducted by John Hopkins
University
– 1985 – Field validation by LAPD
DECP / DREBrief History
DRE officers correctly identified 95% of drug free subjects as
“unimpaired”
DRE officers classified 98.7% of high-dose subjects as
“impaired”
DRE officers correctly identified the category of drugs for
91.7% of high-dose subjects
Only 17.5% of low-dose (above therapeutic range) of
amphetamines were classified as “impaired”
Only 32.5% of low-dose marijuana subjects were classified as
“impaired
These procedures used only rarely indicated that unimpaired
subjects were under the influence of drugs
72% of all tested had two or more drugs other than alcohol
DECP / DREBrief History
Johnson County, Iowa 1996
– Test case for State of Iowa with the DRE Program
– Court ruled favorably on the DECP employing the
Frye Standard for determining the admissibility of
scientific evidence.
– The Frye Standard is the traditional test for
admissibility of “new” scientific evidence
DECP / DREBrief History
November 19, 2012
– The California Office of Traffic Safety conducted a
study featuring a roadside survey of alcohol and
drug use by drivers. More drivers tested positive
for drugs that may impair driving (14%) than did
for alcohol (7.3%).
– Marijuana alone was more prevalent than alcohol
DECP / DREProcess
Systematic and Standardized
– Ensures no mistakes are made
– No examinations are left out
– No extraneous or unreliable “indicators” are
included
– Promotes professionalism
– Ensures acceptance in court
DECP / DRE12 Step Process
Breath Alcohol Test
Interview of Arresting Officer
Preliminary Examination and
First Pulse
Eye Examinations
Divided Attention Tests
Vital Signs and Second Pulse
DECP / DRE12 Step Process
Dark Room Examinations and Ingestion
Examination
Muscle Tone
Injections Sites and Third Pulse
Interrogation, Statements, and Other
Observations
Opinion of Evaluator
Toxicological Examination
DECP / DREDrug Categories
Seven major categories of drugs
– CNS Depressants
– CNS Stimulants
– Hallucinogens
– Dissociative Anesthetics
– Narcotic Analgesics
– Inhalants
– Cannabis
DECP / DREDrug Categories
CNS Depressants
– Commonly and widely prescribed for treatment of depression
– Also commonly and widely abused
– Person taking a therapeutic dosage will not normally exhibit
any side effects or appear “under the influence”
– Person abusing this type of drug will often exhibit indicators
consistent with alcohol intoxication (slurred speech, droopy
eyes, clumsy coordination, and sometimes dilated pupils)
– Person may exhibit a decreased pulse rate and blood pressure
and appear very tired
DECP / DRE
Drug Categories
CNS Stimulants– Several CNS Stimulants that are prescribed (ADHD medication
such as Adderall and Ritalin)
– Illicit drugs such as Cocaine, Amphetamines, and
Methamphetamine
– Person taking a therapeutic dosage will not normally exhibit
any side effects or appear “under the influence”
– Person under the influence of a CNS Stimulant may exhibit
restlessness, abrupt movement, dilated pupils, irritability, rigid
muscles, bruxism, and body tremors
DECP / DRE
Drug CategoriesBruxism associated with Stimulants & Hallucinogens
DECP / DRE
Drug CategoriesPerson under the influence of Stimulants,
Hallucinogens, or Cannabis
DECP / DRE
Drug Categories
Hallucinogens
– No modern day medical use for this drug category
– Most common types of Hallucinogens are Ecstasy
(Molly), Psilocybin Mushrooms and LSD
– Person under the influence of a Hallucinogen often
exhibits a dazed appearance, difficulty with speech,
hallucinations, paranoia, dilated pupils, and rigid
muscles
DECP / DRE
Drug Categories
Dissociative Anesthetics
– Most common drugs in this category are PCP and
DXM
– DXM is the active ingredient in many cough syrups
– Person under the influence of a DA can be
dangerous – USE CAUTION!!!
– Person often exhibits a blank stare, rigid muscles,
hallucinations, non-communicative, slow delayed
speech
DECP / DRE
Drug Categories
Narcotic Analgesics– Several Narcotic Analgesics are prescribed for pain
(morphine, suboxen, hydrocodone, codeine)
– Illicit drugs such as Heroin
– Person taking a therapeutic dosage will not normally exhibit
any side effects or appear “under the influence”
– Person under the influence of a Narcotic Analgesic may exhibit
a very tired appearance, droopy eyelids, CONSTRICTED
PUPILS, fresh injection sites, decreased pulse and blood
pressure, and very soft muscle tone
DECP / DRE
Drug CategoriesPerson under the influence of a
Narcotic Analgesic
DECP / DRE
Drug Categories
Inhalants– Every day gases, solvents, and aerosols
– Person taking these items will inhale or “huff” the vapors into
their noses
– Most common inhalants are: whipped cream (whip its), Dust-
Off, gold spray paint, toluene, gasoline
– Person under the influence of an inhalant often have bloodshot
eyes, they appear confused, they’re non-communicative, and
slow and slurred speech.
DECP / DRE
Drug Categories
Cannabis– Aside from alcohol, this is the most common drug you will see
people under the influence of
– Person under the influence of Cannabis often has dilated pupils,
bloodshot and glossy eyes, they smell strongly of burnt
Marijuana, flushed appearance, impaired perception of time
and distance, and an elevated pulse and blood pressure
– Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 & Spice):
exhibit many of the same indicators of regular Cannabis
Harder to detect than Cannabis
Unpredictable results due to poor manufacturing
Won’t test on normal urine tests
DECP / DRE
Heat Blisters
DECP / DREPolydrug Use
Using more than one drug category
Unpredictable results
DRE trained to observe and identify drug
combinations and affects resulting from that
combination
DECP / DRE
Iowa DRE Program In Iowa we currently have 124 DREs
Fort the past three years, Iowa’s DREs have
conducted an average of 1033 Drug Influence
Evaluations per year
In 2014, Iowa’s DREs had 27 Rule-Outs
Iowa’s DREs averaged seven evaluations per DRE
The Iowa Program was ranked third in the United
States for DRE evaluations per DRE and honored
by NHTSA and IACP at the DRE National
Conference
DECP / DRE
Iowa DRE Program
Interested in becoming a DRE???
Not a “cop class”
2 ½ weeks of intensive classroom training
In-State Field Certifications in Des Moines Metro
Out-of-State Field Certifications in Phoenix, AZ
Cost paid entirely by the NHTSA and administered
by the GTSB
Still interested???
DECP / DRE
Questions???
