overview of the 2010 carbonaceous aerosol and radiative effects study (cares) field campaign rahul...
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Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Field Campaign
Rahul Zaveri, William Shaw, Daniel CziczoPacific Northwest National Laboratory
and the Entire CARES Team
CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopDavis, CA
January 11 – 13, 2010
Participants and Collaborators
Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryAerodyne Research, Inc. Brechtel ManufacturingBrookhaven National LaboratoryDOE ARM Aerial FacilityDOE ARM Climate Research FacilityDroplet Measurements TechnologyEnvironmental Molecular Sciences LabLos Alamos National LaboratoryMichigan Technological University
2
Montana State UniversityNASAPortland State UniversityUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of California-DavisUniversity of California-San DiegoUniversity of ColoradoUniversity of Nevada-RenoUniversity of North DakotaWashington State University
Participants and Resources From:
Collaborators (CalNex)NOAA Twin OtterNOAA WP-3NOAA R/V AtlantisCalifornia Air Resources Board (CARB)
CARES Objectives and Goal
Science Objectives:Investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and the potential interactions between them.
Characterize the time scales of black carbon (BC) ageing and quantify the relative contributions of condensation and coagulation to BC mixing state evolution.
Quantify the effect of aerosol mixing state and the role of organics on the associated optical and CCN activation properties. Perform local closure studies.
Quantify the contribution of new particle formation and growth to CCN population.
Overarching Goal: Evaluate and improve aerosol modules for the above mentioned processes and properties for use in regional, global climate models
Sampling Strategy and Platforms
4
Sacramento, June 2-28, 2010
Rationale• Mid-size City• Fairly isolated and clean to the north• Regular wind pattern• Rich biogenic emissions• Previously studied area
• UC Berkeley studies• BEARPEX
Sacramento plume servesas a meso-scale flow reactor
Photo credit: Stephen Springston
T0 Site – SacramentoAmerican River College
9.5 miles northeast of downtownAltitude = 30 m MSL
Trace GasesPTR-MS & GC-MS VOCs and SVOCs WSUCO VUV fluorescence WSUSO2 research grade PNNLO3 research grade WSUNO, NO2, NOy research grade WSU
Aerosol Size/CompositionSMPS, APS, CPC particle size distribution PNNLHR-ToF-AMS + thermal denuder non-refractory aerosol comp PNNLSPLAT-II single-particle mass spec EMSLSP2 black carbon mass DMTSunset OC/EC organic/elemental carbon mass PNNLTRAC, DRUM Samplers microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNLPILS Auto-sampler WSOC, IC Brechtel, UC DavisHi-vol sampler Organic functional groups UND
Optical Properties4- Photoacoustic scattering, absorption UNR, LANL3- Nephelometer, 3- PSAP scattering, absorption PNNL3- Cavity Ring Down extinction, scattering Portland State Univ., UC DavisPhotolysis, MFRSR radiation PNNL
Hygroscopic & CCN PropertiesCCN Counter CCN activation PNNL
MeteorologySfc. Met. Station & Radiosonde wind velocity, P, T, RH profiles PNNL
Photo credit: Stephen Springston
T1 Site - Cool, CA
Foothills of Sierra NevadaAltitude = 450 m MSL
Northside School
Trace GasesPTR-MS VOCs Montana State Univ.CO VUV fluorescence LANLO3 research grade PNNLNO, NOy research grade LANL
Aerosol Size/CompositionSMPS, APS, CPC particle size distribution UC Davis, PNNLHR-ToF-AMS + thermal denuder non-refractory aerosol comp. UC Davis/Aerodyne, PNNLPALMS single-particle mass spec PNNLSP2 black carbon mass DMTSunset OC/EC organic/elemental carbon mass PNNLTRAC, DRUM Samplers microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNLPILS Auto-sampler WSOC, IC Brechtel, UC DavisHi-vol Samplers 13C and 14C, functional groups Univ. of Arkansas, UND
Optical Properties3- Photoacoustic scattering, absorption UNR, LANL3- Nephelometer, 3- PSAP scattering, absorption PNNL3- Cavity Ring Down extinction, scattering Portland State Univ.Photolysis, MFRSR radiation PNNLUV-MFRSR radiation Univ. of Arkansas
Hygroscopic & CCN Propertiesf(RH) aerosol hygroscopic properties PNNLCCNc, SCCN CCN activation PNNL, BNL
MeteorologySodar, Wind Profiler wind velocity vertical profile PNNLSfc. Met. Station & Radiosonde wind velocity, P, T, RH profiles PNNL
DOE G-1
Trace GasesPTR-MS VOCs PNNLCO VUV fluorescence BNLO3 research grade BNLSO2 research grade BNLNOx, NO2, total NOy research grade BNL
Aerosol Size/CompositionCPC (>3nm and >10 nm) particle number concentration PNNLFIMS (30 – 80 nm) particle size distribution BNLUHSAS (55 – 1000 nm) particle size distribution PNNLCAPS (500 – 20000 nm) particle size distribution PNNLHR-ToF-AMS non-refractory aerosol comp. EMSLSP2 black carbon mass BNLATOFMS aerosol mixing state UCSDTRAC Sampler microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNLPILS Auto-sampler Bulk inorganic composition Brechtel, UC Davis
Optical PropertiesPASS-3 absorption LANL3- Nephelometer scattering PNNLPSAP absorption PNNL
NASA B-200
ObjectivesCharacterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and optical properties
Provide the vertical context for G-1 and ground in situ measurements
Infer aerosol type and apportion optical depth by typeInvestigation of new active + passive (lidar + radiometer) aerosol retrieval techniquesCharacterize the PBL height and distribution of aerosols within and above PBL
Help assess aerosol model transport simulations
CALIPSO/CALIOP & GLORY/APS Validation
High Spectral Resolution Lidar NASA Langley (Ferrare, Hostetler)
Digital Camera NASA Langley (Ferrare, Hostetler)
Research Scanning Polarimeter NASA/GISS (Cairns)
T0
T1
NW Flow 9 out of 27 days
Two Predominant Sacramento Plume Patterns Observed
T0
T1
SW Flow ~15 out of 27 days
SO2 from refineries along Carquinez Strait
DOE G-1 Flight Tracks
DOE G-1 (June 2 – 28)• Research Flights: 22• Flight Time: 67.5 hours• Flight Distance: ~24,000 km
NASA B-200 (June 3 – 28)• Research Flights: 23• Flight Time: ~68 hours
Coordination with CalNex
In Sacramento Area
• R/V Atlantis (June 3 – 4)
• NOAA Twin Otter (June 15 – 28)
Intercomparison Flight From Fresno to Bakersfield, June 18
• DOE G-1
• NASA B-200
• NOAA P-3
• NOAA Twin Otter
AMS: Aerosol Composition at T0
11
67.55%0.37%
17.91%
7.23%6.94%
orgchlso4nh4no3
Average Aerosol Composition at T0
Average aerosol concentration: 2.84 g/m3
10
8
6
4
2
0
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
g/m
3 )
6/3/2010 6/5/2010 6/7/2010 6/9/2010 6/11/2010 6/13/2010 6/15/2010 6/17/2010 6/19/2010 6/21/2010 6/23/2010 6/25/2010
Date and Time (PDT)
Chen Song
1 g m-3
4 g m-3
org dominant PM1 comp.
AMS: Aerosol Composition at T1
12
org dominant PM1 comp.
Ari Setyan / Qi Zhang
2 g m-3
3.5 g m-3
Regional New Particle Formation & Growth Events
10
8
6
4
2
0Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
g/m
3 )
12:00 PM6/5/2010
12:00 AM6/6/2010
12:00 PM 12:00 AM6/7/2010
12:00 PM 12:00 AM6/8/2010
12:00 PM 12:00 AM6/9/2010
Date and Time (PDT)
25x103
20
15
10
5
0
SM
PS
Nu
mb
er
10
8
6
4
2
0S
MP
S M
ass (
g/m
3 )
2
4
68
100
2
Siz
e (
nm
)
SMPS Number Concentration SMPS Mass Concentration
Org SO4 Chl NH4 NO3
T0
T1
Chen Song / Ari Setyan / Qi Zhang
SPLAT II: Single Particle Composition at T0
14
%
Alla Zelenyuk, Josef Beranek
Complex Aerosol Mixing State Changing with Time
Evidence for T0-T1 Transport
15
LANL and UNR Photoacoustic Instruments
Brad Flowers, M. Dubey, Pat Arnott
Likely T0-T1 Transport
Day of June
Enhanced biogenic emissionscoupled with intense photochemistry
Comparison of Light Absorption at T0 and T1
16
LANL and UNR Photoacoustic Instruments
T0 only episodes
Brad Flowers, M. Dubey, Pat Arnott
Day of June
Evidence for Aged Air Mass Recirculated from the Previous Day
17
UTC (h)
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0
NO
y (p
pb
v)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Alti
tud
e M
SL
(m
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400NOyAltitude
UTC (h)
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0
NO
x/N
Oy
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Alti
tud
e M
SL
(m
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400NOx/NOyAltitude
UTC (h)
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0
Org
anic
Aer
osol
Mas
s (
g m
-3)
0
2
4
6
8
Alti
tude
MS
L (m
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Organic Aerosol MassAltitude
UTC (h)
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0
NO
3 (
g m
-3)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Alti
tude
MS
L (m
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400NO3Altitude
T1
T0T0
T0 T0 T0 T0
T0
T1 T1
June 15 AM Flight
Longitude
-122.0 -121.8 -121.6 -121.4 -121.2 -121.0 -120.8
La
titu
de
38.2
38.4
38.6
38.8
39.0
39.2
T0
T1
8:00 am – 11:00 am PST
John Shilling
Large Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles
18
UTC (h)
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0
Con
c of
Par
ticle
s (3
to 1
0 nm
) (
cm-3
)
0
2e+4
4e+4
6e+4
8e+4
1e+5A
ltitu
de M
SL
(m)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Particle Conc (3 to 10 nm)Altitude
UTC (h)
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0
SO
2 (p
pbv)
0
1
2
3
4
Alti
tude
MS
L (m
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400SO2Altitude
John Shilling
Intense Photochemical Evolution on June 28
Aerosol Volume (m3 cm-3)
T0
T1
WRF Tracer Forecast 16 PST
SacramentoSource
2.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.0
CO (ppb)
T0
T1
peak6080
100120140160180200220
ozone = 124 ppb
T0
T1
All Sources
T0
T1
consistent
G-1 Data, 1341 – 1641 PST
peak
gray = CO emission rate
WRF forecast: W.Gustafson and J. Fast
Summary
Rich data set that will shed light on a number important problems related to carbonaceous aerosols
Useful for evaluating and improving understanding of several aerosol processes and properties such as:
SOA formation from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and interactions between them over a period of one or more days.
BC ageing and aerosol mixing state evolution
Effect of aerosol mixing state on optical and CCN activation properties
New particle formation and growth – role of organics
Compare and contrast CARES results with CalNex platforms / sites
20
CARES Team (many faces are missing)
At McClellan Jet Services Hangar, Sacramento, CA
At Homewood Suites, Roseville, CA
Acknowledgements
Funding and Personnel Support• ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF)• ARM Aerial Facility (AAF)• Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program• Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)
Entire CARES Team• Scientists, post-docs, students, collaborators• Support staff
Our Hosts• CARB (staff and forecasting team)• McClellan Jet Services, Sacramento• American River College, Sacramento• Northside School, Cool