Overview of Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Emir Dogdibegovic, Ruofan Wang, Grace Lau, Michael Tucker

Robust Thermal and Redox Cycling

Contact: mctucker@lbl.gov

Thermal Cycling 15 min startup

Metal-Supported Cell Symmetric backbone of stainless steel and ScSZ electrolyte/electrodes

Pr6O11 and SDC-Ni infiltrated into electrodes

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Current

OCV

Te

mp

era

ture

(°C

)

OC

V (

mV

)

Cu

rre

nt D

en

sity a

t 0

.45

V (

mA

/cm

2)

Time (s)

T

Funding for this work was provided by LBNL and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy through a Technology Commercialization Fund grant number LBNL-17-TCF-16-12141. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231The information, data, or work presented herein was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy under work authorization number 13/CJ000/04/03. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Nissan Motor Company Ltd. and Nissan Technical Center North America for providing cost share and helpful discussion.. The authors thank Adam Schwartzberg for helpful discussion. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO) under contract no. DE-EE0008080. .

High performance for steam to hydrogen

Electrolysis

Improving durability Power in 10 seconds

BZCY (Ba,Zr,Ce,Y-oxide)

Direct-Flame Camping/Emergency Product

Fuel Cell Performance

5-Cell MS-SOFC Stack Steel mesh electrical connections spot-welded to cells

Nighttime outdoor operation LED lighting and mobile phone charging on demand

Stack performance Maximum power 2.7W

Dynamic Temperature Operation at 0.7V

Full Redox Cycling 0 50 100 150 200

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Improved

Time (hours)

Cu

rren

t D

ensity (

A/c

m2)

700 C, 0.7 V

Baseline

0 1 2 30.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2800 C

750 C

Current Density (A cm-2)

Vo

lta

ge

(V

) 700 C

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

Po

we

r D

en

sity (

W/c

m2)

600 650 700 750 8000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Catalyst

Processing

Catalyst Processing

Pr, SDC60-Ni40

ScSZ

Peak P

ow

er

(W/c

m2)

Temperature (°C)

2015 Baseline

Hydrogen

Ethanol

Improved Durability Cr blocking coating and stabilized catalyst

External and Internal Reforming Internal reforming on Ni-SDC anode

High Performance Nano-catalysts provide high TPB

Performance Improvements Catalyst processing and composition

Literature Comparison Record performance for internal reforming

Range Extender In collaboration with Nissan

In reducing atmosphere sintering: - Ba evaporation - Si and Cr migrate from metal to BZCY - Sintering at <1450C is challenging

LCN co-sinters easily with stainless steel BUT: low proton conductivity

LCN (La,Ca,Nb-oxide)

Metal-Supported

Proton Conductor

-4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

H2 - 3% H

2O

H2 - 25% H

2O

H2 - 50% H

2O

H2 - 75% H

2O

Current Density (A/cm2)

Volta

ge

(V

)

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

-1.62 A/cm2

SC 29%

-2.64 A/cm2

SC 48%

-4.09 A/cm2

SC 74%

650 C

700 C

750 C

800 C

Current Density (A/cm2)

Volta

ge

(V

)

50 vol.% H2O

-5.31 A/cm2

SC 96%

0 2 4 6 8 100

200

400

600

800

P

OC

V (

mV

) o

r

Pe

ak P

ow

er

De

nsity (

mW

/cm

2)

Rapid Thermal Cycle number

OCV

0 50 100 1500.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Time (min)

Cu

rren

t D

ensity (

A c

m-2)

650

700

750

800

850

Tem

pe

ratu

re (

°C)

0 1 2 3 40.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Simulated

Reformate

Current Density (A cm-2)

Vo

lta

ge

(V

)

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

Reforming

effects Improved Internal

Reforming

Po

we

r D

en

sity (

W c

m-2) 700 C

hydrogen

Baseline Internal

Reforming

Dilution

effects

600 650 700 750 8000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5EtOH

Pe

ak P

ow

er

De

nsity (

W/c

m2)

Temperature (C)

EtOH/water

Metal-supported

SOFCs

All-ceramic

SOFCs

Shao et al.

Liu et al.

Virkar et al.

Arico et al.

Wen et al.

Diethelm et al.

Zhu et al.

Hill et al.

Huang et al.