overview of ky’s cemcs program

Benefits of a Large Scale MBCx Program at the State of KY

Feb 6, 2019 BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY 1

LESSON LEARNED OPERATING A PORTFOLIO OF BUILDINGS MORE EFFICIENTLY

IDS’ Role

Technology Infrastructure Provider

BAS Automation and Energy Management Analysis Department


Agenda

Background—Stats (system size), infrastructure, and data collection

Tangible Benefits (energy baselines and tracking savings)

Technology Platform

First Step in Operating More Efficiently – Find out how the building in running

What’s been learned and how it changes the way to operate


Questions after each section

Background

2010 Commonwealth of Kentucky issued RFP

Implementation Phases ◦ Infrastructure Development (2010 - 2012)

◦ Monitoring-Based Commissioning (2013 ->

◦ Remediation Program RCx (2015 ->

Adding 20 buildings/month to CEMCS


Feb 6, 2019 5

Commonwealth Energy Management and Control System

Users

Commonwealth Energy Management & Control System

Utility Invoices

Interval Data

External Data

Enterprise SystemsExternal Systems

ENERGY STAR Interface

Meter Interval Data (agency)

Meter Interval Data (utility vendor)

Utility Bills (electronic)

Utility Bills (paper)

Invoice Data Importer

Database(SQL Server)

Database(SQL Server)

Active DirectoryFederatedServices

Interval Data Importer

EDIImporter

Intelligent Data Entry Forms

CEMCS Team

Users(agencies)

Application(SharePoint)

Application(SharePoint)

Utility Bills (EDI)

BAS Interval Data (agency)

Weather Data (NOAA)

AccountsPayable Real EstateReal EstateWork OrderWork Order

AssetManagement

GeneralLedger

AP Interface

GL Interface

Work Order Interface

Space / Asset Data Interface

Weather Data Importer

Public Dashboard

Agencies & Buildings

Users

(public)

Administrator

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BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY

CEMCS Statistics

Total Buildings Tracked: 1298

Agencies: 10

Building SF: 20,309,717

Cities: 72

Utility vendors: 171

Utility accounts: 1330 (inbound utility bills/mo.)

Utility meters: 1463

Building-level submeters: 35

BAS Buildings Tracked: 171

10,036,675 SF

Daily trends: 200,000+

7 different control system manufacturers

Variety of building uses, age and mechanical designs


Data Collection


When Utility Bills are Still Paper

Data entry forms model paper bills for ease of data entry

Smart forms verify charges

Feb 6, 2019 BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY

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User enters minimal data

System calculates everything else, verifying the invoice

Electronic Delivery of Utility Data

Utility Bills (some, not all) are delivered automatically to CEMCS


Monitoring BAS Data Streams

Keeping track of inbound interval data streams (BAS and utility meter)

Tracking 200,000+ trends/day requires a sub-system


Collecting Data from BAS EXTRACTING DATA FROM BAS

Define points required for analysis

Know what the data means ◦ What are the units being measured?

◦ Is 0 actually zero, or the minimum position?

◦ Does 100% mean fully open or fully closed?

Trended & exported, or read directly from controllers or database? ◦ Don’t mess with their traffic

Data transfer ◦ All in one network or across multiple?

LOADING DATA INTO CEMCS (EEMS)

How many different data formats received?

How do you deal with different names for the same points? ◦ Each vendor’s points means different things

◦ Each control tech has own names (temp, zone_temp, zn_t, rm_temp, ctrl_t, etc.)

How large can your trends table(s) get before performance is an issue? ◦ Is there a limit to the number of points?

◦ How long to you keep the data?


Questions INFRASTRUCTURE AND DATA COLLECTION


Tracking Energy Savings


Energy Savings (background) Utility Bill Data Collection

◦ Manual & electronic—1330 bills per month

Weather Normalized Energy Model ◦ By meter, by building, based upon 12 months of history ◦ 4th order polynomial regression model

Account for Buildings w/o Meters (allocations)

Automated Energy Savings ◦ Tracked by meter, building, agency, enterprise

Public Dashboard


Energy Tracking is a accounting problem

Do you think there’s uniformity of data delivery across utility companies?

Baseline Energy Model (by meter)

Gas meter example

12 months of history is curve fit


Monthly Energy and Cost Tracking

Every month energy and cost is compared against building baseline


Saves $$$$ during Winter

Spends more $$$$ during Summer

Savings From Baseline

Overall energy reduction from baseline: 8.2%

Total energy saved from program: 910M kBtu

Annual cost savings: $4.9M

Total cost savings from program: $21.0M

Weather Normalized Baseline


Cumulative Savings From Baseline


Questions BASELINE AND ENERGY TRACKING


CEMCS Technology SAMPLE DISPLAY SCREENS


Building Homepage

Building homepage centralizes operational data


Comfort Fault Detection Report AHU 02


Building homepage centralizes operational data for user

Each space is evaluated against temperature policy obligations on weekly basis and scored (1 – low, 10 – High)

Heating Valve Fault Detection

About a dozen heating valves that aren’t performing as they should

Six running at maximum position excessively

Easily spot issues


23

Identify Maintenance Needs

Low Score Report identifies equipment in greatest need of attention


24

Metering Analytics

Provides insights on electrical energy usage


Operational Diagnostics

Evaluating Space Temperature vs Set Point for a selected area of the building


Summary Utility Data

Easily understand building energy use, number of meters and utility rate.


Comparing Building EUIs

Some buildings within the CHFS portfolio

Electric and Natural Gas


Live System Demonstration


First Step to Improve Operations—Find Out How it’s Working via Building Operational Analysis ONCE DATA IS FLOWING AND ANALYTICS CONFIGURED BUILDINGS ARE “OPERATIONALLY EVALUATED” TO IDENTIFY AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT AND SUCCESS


Operational Analysis (Deliverable) Top to bottom comprehensive review of building operation, using available data, in order to recommend a course of action for operational improvement. Process: ◦ Evaluate most import functions (comfort, H&S, conformance to DI) ◦ Identify energy savings and operational improvements ◦ Generate recommendations and quantify savings ◦ Present to owner via videotaped presentation

About the Analysis ◦ ASHRAE Standards foundation of analysis ◦ SOO reviewed for clarity and efficiency ◦ Systems review ◦ Equipment review ◦ Other insights

Over 100 buildings have been operationally evaluated


You can’t take the analyst out of the analysis process

Sample Operational Analysis ANALYSIS CONFIRMS COMFORT AND HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ARE MET THEN ENERGY SAVINGS IS EVALUATED


Postsecondary Education Center OPERATIONS ANALYSIS



Metering ◦ Main Electric

◦ Gas Meter

◦ Domestic Water

HVAC Systems

Primary Systems ◦ Air-Cooled Chilled Water System

w/Lead-Lag VFD pumps

◦ 3 HW Boiler w/Lead-Lag VFD pumps

Secondary Air Systems ◦ 1 VAV exhaust

◦ 1 VAV AHU w/heating, cooling, and economizer

Terminal Systems ◦ 84 VAV w/reheat

◦ 8 VRF units

Air Handling


VAV Air Handling Unit

AHU: M Tu Th 6:30-21:00 W 6:30-21:30 F 6:30-16:30

1. Static Pressure is reset

2. Return air volume is controlled by implied offset

3. Supply Air Temperature is controlled by reset

4. Dry Bulb Economizer

5. Preheat control has implied set point

6. Night setback by worst case zone

7. Implied fresh air reset control


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5

6

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3

3

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5

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Supply Air Temperature Control


Economizer set point (52°F) demands cooling

Significant heating

SAT set point (50°F) too low

VAV AHU

Operating States – Actuator Sequencing

1. OS#1 – Heating Coil used to raise Mixed Air (Minimum Outside Air) to Supply Air Temperature

2. OS#2 – Outside Air used to reduce Return Air to Supply Air Temperature

3. OS#3 Cooling Coil used to lower Outside Air to Supply Air Temperature

4. Cooling Coil used to lower Mixed Air (Minimum Outside Air) to Supply Air Temperature (Economizer)


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Static Pressure Control


Reset dominated by one zone

Trim & Respond Optimization Air Handler Static Pressure Optimization


Coordinated behavior between AHU and VAVs

Set point is lowered when # requests below threshold

Increases based on # requests above threshold

Limited by set point min/max

VAVs can be prioritized by sending request multiplier

Expected (desired) operation is to smoothly cycle up/down

Not thrashing

AHU Recommendations 1. Examine control sequences and rewrite so

that mixed air dampers, preheat coil and cooling coil all operate off a single setpoint

2. Convert existing supply air temperature reset and static pressure reset algorithms to operate according to ASHRAE G36 Trim and Respond

3. Economizer should be rewritten to operate according to ASHRAE G36 Differential Enthalpy with High Limit

4. Optimal start sequence should be added

5. Night setback sequence for heating needs to be implemented; heating should not start the AHU

6. Control minimum OA CFM based on ASHRAE 62.1

a. Provide MAT low limit automatic override


Terminal Systems


VAV Box

1. VAV Box without perimeter radiation

2. Boxes with radiation are not identified in BAS graphics

3. DAT SOO says it’s for monitoring only

4. Occupancy control has deadband ; heating CFM and cooling minimum CFM are the same

5. Fan should start only for cooling unoccupied cycle; heating control only uses perimeter radiation

Feb 6, 2019

BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY 43

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Terminal System Temperature Control


Terminal System Heating Valve


Excessive heating driven by low supply air temperature

G36 VAV Sequences

1. Current operation uses a single minimum CFM and no limit on DAT

2. G36 uses a dual maximum CFM with an overall lower minimum CFM

3. DAT is the first stage of heating until 20°F greater than room setpoint

a. DAT Limit does not apply to zones with perimeter radiation

4. Heating CFM ramps up when MAX DAT is reached

Feb 6, 2019 46

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BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY

Occupancy Control


Occupancy sensor is not used to

control VAV box

Recommendations Implement Dual Maximum CFM

Sequence of Operation of ASHRAE G36 Reengineer minimum CFM limits according

to ASHRAE G36: Box minimum capability with respect to ventilation (ASHRAE 62.1 requirements)

Calculate Trim & Respond cooling and static pressure requests on zone basis

Calculate OA ventilation requirement for Zone and AHU sequence

Limit DAT to 90°F in zone with no radiation control

Add OA Temperature reset of heating night setback limit


Metering


Electric Meter


50

Main Electric Meter


Gas Meter

Gas meter is not included in CEMCS trend points

Recommendation

Add gas meter trend points


52

Energy Savings


Energy Savings Energy savings will result from reduced operating hours achieved from • Improved scheduling

• Corrected AHU sequencing

• Reduced cooling and reheat

• Improved night setback operation

• Minimizing/eliminating airflow of parasitic terminal boxes during their unoccupied cycle

18% Energy Cost Reduction

Months Days Hours Cost

Before 7 6 20 86,715$

After 7 6 15 65,036$

Savings 21,679$

Months Days Hours Cost

Before 5 6 20 71,113$

After 5 6 16 56,890$

Savings 14,223$

Total Savings 35,901$

Chilled Water System

Steam System


Hot Water System

End Sample Building Operational Analysis


What’s Been Learned What’s Been Learned that has Changed the Way KY Operates DATA WILL ENABLE YOU TO DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY AND CHANGE LONG STANDING INEFFICIENT PROCESSES


Common Findings after Hundreds of Analyses

Age of building correlated to amount of equipment repair

Infrequently found flawed designs

Automation was most common deficiency whether new or existing building: ◦ Engineer’s Sequences of Operation not effective in communicating design intent

Control Contractor did not implement to engineer's intent

◦ Commissioning agent did not fully vet automation (mostly they never had time or not in their contract)

◦ Understanding of Design Intent amongst maintenance staff


Analysis Stats 300-400 Air Handlers

4000+ VAVs

SOO review, mechanicals, control drawings, floor plans, from a dozen engineering firms

Building Types: Labs, Museum, Convention Center, Mixed Use, Very Large Office, Medium Size Office, Office Complex, Community College Campuses, Mental Health Hospitals

Control System Age: New to 20 Years

700 ECMs identified

100+ hours on video of analysis presentations (15-30 slides each)

Written report for each building (12-20 pages each)


Sample Findings


Evaluating SAT

Supply Air Temperature often exceeds 100°F (should not be greater than space set point plus 20°F)

January 2019

VAV Supply Temperature

60 ASHRAE WINTER CONFERENCE - SESSION 44, PRESENTATION 2

VAV heating valve (orange area) modulates in response to a drop in zone temperature (green)

ASHRAE Requirement

ASHRAE 90.1 Specified Sequence

3. When the air valve is at the minimum position and

heating is required, the reheat coil valve shall be

modulated open to maintain the heating set point.

61 January 2019 ASHRAE WINTER CONFERENCE - SESSION 44, PRESENTATION 2

Programming

This button restricts discharge temperature

This button doesn’t

Configuration Tool to Program Controller

Programmer implemented what was specified despite capability available in controller

January 2019 ASHRAE WINTER CONFERENCE - SESSION 44, PRESENTATION 2 62

Higher-Ed. Classroom/Lab Built 1971, renovated 2017

AHUs

1. Return fan tracking does not account for exhaust fan schedules or laboratory exhaust operation

2. Tracking does not account for startup or unoccupied operation when return equals supply cfm

April 2018 OPERATIONS ANALYSIS

63

Return Fan:

The return fan shall run whenever the supply fan runs.

Return Fan Tracking:

The return fan VFD shall modulate in unison with the supply fan VFD. The return fan VFD shall track the supply fan VFD at 80% (adj.) of the supply fan VFD speed. The return fan VFD speed shall not drop below 20% (adj.).

Supply Air Temperature Setpoint – Outside Air Reset:

The controller shall monitor the supply air temperature and shall maintain a supply air temperature setpoint reset based on outside air temperature.

The supply air temperature setpoint shall be reset for as follows:

• As the outside air temperature rises from 50°F (adj.) to 85°F (adj.), the supply air temperature setpoint shall be reset downward from 62°F (adj.) to 55°F (adj.).

Overview

HVAC Design

4 VAV air handlers

2 general exhaust fans

Primary systems ◦ 3 hot water boilers

◦ 3 water cooled chillers

Terminal units ◦ 114 parallel fan VAVs with hot water reheat

◦ 150 VAVs with hot water reheat

◦ 2 fan coil units

◦ 1 Liebert unit

Huntair fan wall (8 fans/AHU)

317,500 ft2 Office Space

1,450 occupants

New (2016)

Theory Of Operations – Open Floor Plan

• Layout • Open offices • Individual offices • Core Conference rooms

Terminal System Assessment

Set points out of policy limits

◦ Inconsistent set points

Significant reheat in mild weather and high discharge temperature

◦ Simultaneous heating and cooling in spaces

Evaluation Period: November 11th to November 16th 2016

Space Temp - Set Point Control Quantity Heating Control Quantity Airflow Control Quantity Occupancy Control Quantity

Ok - Space temperature between heating

and cooling set points191 Ok - Maintains temperature 238 Ok - Air flow and set point control properly 252 Ok - Schedule in place and functional 169

Space temperature exceeds cooling set

point, set point within policy0 Significant reheat during mild weather 30 Not Applicable 0 Space temperature does not set back at night 0

No change in space temperature during

assessment period5 High discharge air temp 15 No change in set point 29

Occupancy doesn't change during the

assessment period.116

Little or no set point deadband 0No discharge temp during time of

assessment2 Airflow does not meet set point 1

Space temperature stable, no change in set

points for the week.0

Damper or set point doesn't change during

assessment 2

Space temperature is below heating set

point, set point not within policy8 Damper at 100 percent during unocc periods 1

Set points out of policy limits 79

No space temp point available at time of

assessment.2

Occupancy does not change

None of the FVAV boxes report schedules

VAV12-3512 has 24/7 occupancy schedule

Control Configuration Inconsistent with Open Floor Plan

H

One interior zone provides heat to

group

Fan powered boxes get no air

Space Temperature not

consistent

Engineers Specification

Fan powered VAV w/reheat units serve the exterior of the building

The zone served by these units often has T-stat in a closed office which may not be representative of the space

There is no central air (ventilation) delivered unless the unit is cooling

◦ ASHRAE does not allow 0 CFM in occupied hours

Engineer’s airflow max and min did not include consideration of occupied an unoccupied times

Control System Configuration

Display does not reflect the physical relations between space and HVAC equipment. If organized by floor and zone report becomes effective. No one told control engineer how this data should be organized. Technology quite useful as long as its set up that way

Kentucky Facilities Ecosystem

KY CEMCS ENERGY EFFICIENCY TEAM (6)

FACILITIES DEPARTMENT IN EACH AGENCY (10)

KY DECA (DESIGN, ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION

AND ADMINISTRATION)

DESIGN/CONSULTING ENGINEERS (POOL OF 6-10)

CONTROL CONTRACTORS

(10-15)

COMMISSIONING PROVIDERS

Having both internal staff and external vendors work smarter using information is required to operate portfolio more efficiently


71

Changes to Design Engineering Elevate importance of SOO

◦ Higher quality sequences—ASHRAE Guideline 36

◦ Improved communications to controls contractor—detailed instructions, operating state diagrams

Demonstrate understanding of how building should operate during design phase

Establish more consistent SOO and automation standards, independent of BAS manufacturer

High Performance Building Standard ◦ Specificity of data required (analysis system ready)

◦ Point naming convention

3rd party review of SOO


AHU Operating State Diagram


Operating States – VAV AHU System During Occupied Hours


Heating Valve

Minimum Outside Damper Position

Cooling Valve

Outside Damper Position

Heating Valve Cooling Valve

Outside Damper Position

Cooling Valve

Heating Valve

0%

100%

Heating Valve

Minimum Outside Damper Position

Cooling Valve

Heating Mode Economizer Mode Economizer and Mechanical Cooling Mode Cooling Mode

Heating Valve

Cooling Valve

Outside Air

Damper

Modulating

Closed

Minimum

Closed

Closed

Modulating

Closed

Modulating

Open

Closed

Modulating

Minimum

Changes for Control Contractors Bid package raises the expectation bar for automation code (SOO) delivery ◦ Details of what is required eliminates “but it meets spec” inadequate delivery

◦ Delivered automation code subject to third-party review

Standardize point naming for all BAS (new and renovation) per KY standard

Obligation for the collection of historical trend data and for delivery into CEMCS (per spec) ◦ If they can’t deliver data, they don’t get the job


Owner Contract Changes for Control Contractor – before bid package is released

Interview of Control Contractor Programmer ◦ Face to face interview

◦ Submittal of sample code with explanation by programmer (need to get best tech you can)

Require the control contractor present how the building is supposed to run by operating state, and how does it compare to the engineer’s

Data collection begins as systems begins to operate

Line item pricing for automation

Larger hold back against MEP budget (not controls budget)

76 Interval Data Systems. Inc. - Why Does it Take V5

Commissioning Providers Use analytics as part of the process

Data enables more equipment evaluation

System evaluation now possible in the commissioning phase of construction


Training of Internal Staff Analysis revealed areas of improvement/training topics

◦ Typically across multiple buildings

Training Session Structure ◦ Design Intent/ASHRAE Concepts (very important part of session)

◦ System versus Component evaluation

◦ Findings in their buildings

◦ Review Operational Recommendations

Training Sessions ◦ Economizer Operations

◦ Night Setback and Optimal Start

◦ Event Scheduling in Tridium

◦ Best approach to select top 7-8 buildings for EE measure from portfolio of 33


Warranty Period WITH STRONGER CONTRACTUAL LANGUAGE, THE WARRANTY PERIOD PROVIDES THE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY TO INSURE A HIGHER QUALITY AUTOMATION SYSTEM DELIVERY


Warranty – Maximize Accountability during this period . . Its your last chance for leverage

Design phase (and contract changes) established the requirements that the vendors must meet so the owner has the leverage in the warranty period

Warranty period deliverable designed to eliminate The Problem

Warranty period establishes “operational acceptance”

If you want to know your building operates as designed, then you need a process to evaluate and data record of how it operated

BBBD Conference - Benefits of Large Scale MBCx Program at State of KY 80 Feb 6, 2019

Swing Season Review and final remediation plan

Top to bottom Operational Analysis including automation code review

Monitors remediation via data and/or code review. Supports control contractor or owner technician.

Warranty Period Deliverables

BBBD Conference - Benefits of Large Scale MBCx Program at State of KY 81

Warranty End

Warranty Period (12 Months)

Occupancy Permit

Validation of operational data and analytic model and preliminary monitoring

Top to bottom Operational Analysis including automation code review

Operational Analytic Platform Available to Engineers, Control Contractor and Owners, On-going Monitoring functioning

Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4

Plan to remediate deficiencies

Remediation Final Remediation &

Operating Training

Operational Acceptance

Operational data collection begins during end phase of construction (Data Record)

Feb 6, 2019

Kentucky Legislative Changes

Analyses produced enough supporting information to make abundantly evident that process and contractual changes were needed

KY Energy Efficiency Division and DECA (Design, Engineering, Construction, and Administration) recommendations were brought to legislature

◦ KRS 56.770 – 56.784


Summary Operational analysis deliverable has impacted all members of the ecosystem

◦ They know someone is looking ◦ They receive operational insights never available before

KY learned which vendors perform best, put in the most amount of effort, care about their work, and constantly improve

Firms that wanted to do better welcomed review sessions

Decision makers found having operational analysis beneficial even if no savings ◦ See what they really received ◦ Comfort, health, functionally/environmentally meeting needs of occupants

Making the entire eco-system more effective greatly improves $ invested


Operational Data Collection and Automation Commissioning

Impact Across Building Lifecycle


Occupancy Permit

Operation Phase

Warranty End

Control System

EOL

Warranty Period (12 Months) Controls Life Expectancy (20+ Years)

Occupancy Permit

Construction Phase

Controls Installation

Planning Construction Architect

Design Engineering

Bid Pkgs.

Construction 18-24months

Controls Cx

Commissioning Phase

Award Control

Drawings

Control Dwgs Sign-Off

2-4 Months

Monitoring Based Commissioning MBCx Program Operational Acceptance Period

Preliminary SOO Review

Deliver High Performance SOO and

Data Requirements

SOO Bid Package Review

Preliminary Automation Code Review

End


overview of ky’s cemcs program

Documents