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Overview of First Essay The shortest account which one typically hears of the Haitian Revolution is that the slaves rose up In 1791 and by 1803 had driven the whites out of Saint-Domingue, (the colonial name of Haiti) declaring the independent Republic of Haiti. It's certainly true that this happened. But, the Revolution was much more complex. Actually there were several revolutions going on simultaneously, all deeply influenced by the French Revolution which commenced In Paris in 1789. In this first of four essays on The Haitian Revolution, I will do two things: 1. Analy ze the an tecede nts of t he revol ution a nd clar ify some of the compl ex and shifting positions of the various interest groups which participated in it. 2. Foll ow the earli est da ys of three revol utiona ry mov ement s: A. The planters' move toward indepe ndence. B. The peopl e of col or's r evolut ion for full citi zenshi p. C. The sla ve upri sin g of 1791. Prelude to the Revolution: 1760 to 1789 The colony of Saint-Domingue, geographically roughly the same land mass that is today Haiti, was the richest colony in the West Indies and probably the richest colony in the history of the world. Driven by slave labor and enabled by fertile soil and ideal climate, Saint-Domingue produced sugar, coffee, cocoa, indigo, tobacco, cotton, sisal as well as some fruits and vegetables for the motherland, France. When the French Revolution broke out in 1789, there were four distinct sets of interest groups in Saint-Domingue, with distinct sets of interests and even some important distinctions within these many categories: • The whites • The free people of color • The black slaves • The maroons The Whites There were approximately 20,000 whites, mainly French, in Saint-Domingue. They were divided into two main groups: The Planters These were wealthy whites who owned plantations and many slaves. Since their wealth and position rested entirely on the slave economy they were united in support of slavery. They were, by 1770, extremely disenchanted with France. Their complaint was almost identical with the complaints that led the North American British to rebel against King George in 1776 and declare their independence. That is, the metropole (France), imposed

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