overview modul penyakit tropik
TRANSCRIPT
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PENYAKIT INFEKSI
INFEKSI : Parasit masuk kedalam tubuh hospes dan terjadi Parasitisme (Endoparasit)
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DIFINISI PARASIT
Jasad yang hidup dengan caramengambil kebutuhan hidupnya
dari jasad lain
Makhluk yang menggantungkan hidup padatetangganya dan berusaha sepenuhnya
untuk memanfaatkan dengan hemattanpa membahayakan dirinya
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Definisi Epidemiologi :
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of
disease frequency in man.
Berbicara tentang Penyakit Tropik,kita tidak akan lepas dari lingkup
EPIDEMIOLOGI
Epidemiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari penyebaran
penyakit dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada manusia
atau
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Epidemiologi berarti : Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang penduduk
(epi = permukaan/di atas/menimpa)(demos = orang/populasi/manusia)
(logos = ilmu tentang)
Asal kata (bahasa Yunani) :
Ilmu yang mempelajari tentangfrekuensi masalah kesehatan danpenyebaran masalah kesehatanpada sekelompok manusia serta
faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya
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Segitiga Epidemiologi :
1. Frekuensi = jumlah = besaran2. Distribusi = penyebaran3. Determinan = faktor-faktor penentu
Ada tiga komponen penting
Host
Environment Agent
InfectiousDisease
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1. Frekuensi Masalah Kesehatan : Frekuensi disini menunjukkan kepada besarnya masalah kesehatan yang terdapat pada sekelompok manusia
2. Distribusi Masalah Kesehatan : Penyebaran disini menunjukkan kepada pengelompokkan masalah kesehatan menurut suatu keadaan tertentu
3. Determinan : Menunjukkan kepada faktor penyebab dari suatu masalah kesehatan
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ENVIRONMENT
AGENT
HOST
VEKTOR
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Epidemiological Triad= Ecological
Epidemiological Triad= Ecological
AGENT HOST
ENVIRONMENT
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AgentAgent
1. Biologi 2. Nutrien3. Fisik 4. Kimia5. Mekanik
1. Biologi 2. Nutrien3. Fisik 4. Kimia5. Mekanik
HostHost
1. Usia2. Kelamin3. Ras4. Genetik5. Pekerjaan6. Nutrisi7. Kekebalan8. Adat9. Gaya
Hidup10.Psikhis
1. Usia2. Kelamin3. Ras4. Genetik5. Pekerjaan6. Nutrisi7. Kekebalan8. Adat9. Gaya
Hidup10.Psikhis
EnvironmentEnvironment
1. Fisik2. Biologi3. Sosial
1. Fisik2. Biologi3. Sosial
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AGENT HOST
ENVIRONMENT
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AGENT
HOST
ENVIRONMENT
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AGENT HOST
ENVIRONMENT
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AGENT
HOST
ENVIRONMENT
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AGENT HOST
ENVIRONMENT
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AGENT
HOST
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System -system yang seringterganggu
1. System Gastroenterologi2. System Respiratory3. System Cardiovascular4. System Haematology5. System Transfusi Darah6. System Urinarius7. System Syaraf8. System Psychiatry9. System Ophthalmology10. System Dermatology11. HIV / AIDS12. Sexual Transmitted Infections13. System Musculoskeletal
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AGENT
PARASIT
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TOPIC TREE
Toksin Bakter
iToksin Tetanu
s
Toksin Diphteri
aInfeksi Jamur Mycosis
Profundus
Mycosis Superficia
lisInfeksi Parasi
tHelminthia
sis
ProtozoonosisArachnidis
m
AcariasisMyasis
Infeksi Virus Virus
CarsinogenicVirus
Respiratoric
Virus Neurotrop
icVirus Hepatotrop
ic
Virus Enteri
cVirus Dermatoge
nic
Penyakit
Tropik
Infeksi Bakter
iGram
+Gram -
BacilliCocci Coccobacilli
Cocci Bacilli
Spirochaeta
Mycoplasma
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I. Infeksi Jamur
1. Mycosis Superfisialis
2. Mycosis Profundus = Mycosis Systemis
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II. Infeksi Virus
1. Virus Dermatogenic
2. Virus Enteric
3. Virus Hepatotropic
4. Virus Neurotropic
5. Virus Respiratoric
6. Virus Carsinogenic
Virus RNA Virus DNA
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Virus – DNA :
AdrenoviridaeHepadnaviridaeHerpesviridaeParvoviridaePoxviridaePapovaviridae a patogen
Virus – RNA :
ArenaviridaeBunyaviridaeCoronaviridaeFilafovirdaeFlaviviridaeOrthomyxoviridaeParamyxoviridaeReoviridaeRetroviridaeRhabdoviridaeTogaviridaePicornaviridaeCaliciviridae a patogen
Un Classified Virus :
Atro virusVirus Hepatitis CVirus Hepatitis DeltaVirus NorvalkEtio Encephalopathi spongiformis
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Ditinjau dari cara Penularan :
1. Virus Dermatotropic :
Adeno virusHerpes virusPapova virusPox virus
2. Virus Enteric :
Adeno virusCalici virusCorona virusEntero virusReo virusRota virus
3. Virus Hepatotropic :
Hepatitis virusYellow fever virus
( 2 ) & ( 3 ) : Virus Viscerotropic
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4. Virus Neurotropic :
Encephalitis B Japanis virusPoliomyelitis virus
5. Virus Respiratooric :
Adeno virusOrthomyxo virusParamyxo virusPneumo virusRhino virus
6. Virus Carcinogenic :
Adeno virusEpstein - barr virusHepatitis B & C virusHerpes virusHuman T cell lymphotropic I & II virusPapova virus
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III. Infeksi Rickettsiaceae1. Infeksi Rickettsia
2. Infeksi Coxiella
3. Infeksi Bartonella
4. Infeksi Ehrlichia
b. Spotted fever group
c. Scrub typhus
d. Q fever
e. Trench fever
a. Typhus group
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IV. Infeksi Bakteri
1. Gram + 2. Gram -
a. Cocci
b. Bacilli
a. Cocci
b. Bacilli
c. Coccobacilli
d. Mycoplasma
e. Spirochaeta
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Pembagian menurut Gram :
Gram + :
Cocci :
Staphylococcus sppStreptococcus sppAerococcus sppEnterococcus sppGamella sppLactococcus sppLeuconostoc sppPediococcus sppPeptostreptococcus spp an aerob
Bacilli :
Arcanobacterium sppBacillaceae :• Bacillus spp• Clostridium spp spora an aerob mutlakBacteroides sppCorynebacterium sppErysipelothrix sppGardnerella sppListeria sppMycobacterium spp Ziehl Neelsen ( BTA )
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Bacilli :
Nocardia sppRhodococcus sppRhotia sppSpora an aerob : Actinomyces spp Bifidobacterium Eubacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Propionibacterium spp
Gram - :
Cocci :
Moraxella sppNeisseria sppVeillonella spp an aerob
Bacilli :
Enterobacteriaceae : Citrobacter spp Edwardsiella spp Enterobacter spp Escherichia spp Klebsiella spp Morganella spp
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Bacilli :
Proteus spp Providensia spp Salmonella spp Shigella spp Yersinia sppNon Enterobacteriaceae
( Fermentative ) : Aeromonas spp Pasteurella spp Plesiomonas spp Vibrio spp
Non Enterobacteriaceae( Non Fermentative ) : Acinetobacter spp Alcaligenes spp Brevundimonas spp Burkholderia spp Chryseobacterium spp Commonas spp Eikenella spp Moraxella spp Pseudomonas spp Roseomonas spp Shewanella spp Sphingobacterium spp Stenotrophomonas spp
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Bacilli :
An aerob Bacteroides spp Fusobacterium spp Mobiluncus spp Porphyromonas spp Prevotella spp
Coccobacilli :
Actinobacillus sppBartonella sppBordetella sppBrucella sppCalymmatobacterium sppCampylobacter spp
Capnocytophaga sppCardiobacterium sppChlamydia spp LV= Myagawanella spp= Bedsonia sppCoxiella sppEhrlichia sppFrancisella sppHaemophilus sppHelicobacter sppKingella sppLegionella sppRickettsia sppStreptobacillus spp
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Mycoplasmas :
Mycoplasma sppUreaplasma spp
Spirochaetales :
Borellia sppCristispira sppLeptospira sppTreponema sppSpirochaeta spp
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V. Toksin Bakteri
1. Toxin Diphtheria
2. Toxin Tetanus
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VI. Infeksi Protozoa
1. Infeksi Amoeba
2. Infeksi Sporozoa
3. Infeksi Sarcocystis
4. Infeksi Toxoplasma
5. Infeksi Pneumocystis
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Rhizopoda :
Entamoeba histolytica
A patogen :
Dientamoeba fragilisEndolimax nanaEntamoeba coliEntamoeba gingivalisEntamoeba hartmanniJodamoeba butschlii
Ciliata :
Balantidium coli
Mastigophora :
Flagellata Darah :
Leishmania sp : Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania donovani Leishmania tropicaTrypanosoma sp : Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma gambiense Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Flagellata Usus :
Giardia lambliaTrichomonas vaginalis
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Flagellata Usus :
A patogen :
Cheilomastix mesniliEmbadomonas intestinalisEnteromonas hominisTrichomonas hominisTrichomonas tenax
Sporozoa :
Coccidia : Eimeria a patogen Isospora a patogen
Haemosphoridia : Palsmodium falciparum Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium Knowlechi
( Pneumocystis carinii )Sarcocystis lindemanniToxoplasma gondii
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VI. Infeksi Helminthes
1. Nematoda Usus
2. Nematoda Jaringan
3. Cestoda
4. Trematoda
5. Anelida
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Nematoda Usus :
Ascaris lumbricoidesTrichuris trichiuraAncylostoma duodenaleNecator americanumStrongyloides stercoralisOxyuris vermicularisToxocara sppTrichostrongylus sppTrichinella spiralis
Nematoda Jaringan :
Wuchereria bancroftiBrugia malayiLoa - loaAcantocheilonema perstanAcantocheilonema streptocercaMansonella ozzardiOnchocerca volvulusDracunculus medinensisAngyostrongylus sppAnisakis
NEMATODA
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CESTODA
Ordo Pseudophyllidea :
Diphyllobothrium latumSparganum
Ordo Cyclophyllidea :
Dipylidium caninumHymenolepis spp Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminutaTaenia spp Taenia saginata Taenia soliumEchinococcus spp Echinococcus granulosus Echinococcus alveolarisMulticepsBertiella spp
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TREMATODA
Trematoda Darah :
Schistosoma spp Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma yaponicum Cercaria schistosomatium spp
Trematoda Hati :
Clonorchis sinensisDicrocoelium dendriticumOpistorchis spp Opistorchis felineus Opistorchis viverriniFasciola spp Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica
Trematoda Usus :
Fasciolopsis buskiEchinostoma sppHeterophydae family Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Haplorchis taichui
Trematoda Paru - Paru :
Paragonimus westermani
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VII. Arachnidism
VIII. Acariasis
IX. Myasis
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ARTHROPODA
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MEROSTOMATA
CRUSTACEA
Copepoda :
CyclopsDiaptomus
Decapoda :
UdangKepiting
MYRIAPODA
Chilopoda :
Kelabang
Diplopoda :
Luwing
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ARACHNIDA
Pentastomida :
ArmiliferLinguatula
Scorpionida :
Kalajengking
Aranea ( Laba - Laba ) :
TarantulaLoxoscellesLatrodectus mactans
Acarina :
Ixodoidea :
Sarcoptoidea :
Ixodidae :
Amblyoma sppBoophilus sppDermacentor sppRhipicephalus spp
Argasidae :
Argas sppOrnithadoros spp
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SarcoptidaeDemodicidaeDermanyssidaeTrombididae
Sarcoptoidea :
INSECTA = HEXAPODA
Diptera :
Culicidae :
Anophelinae : Anopheles spp
Culicinae :
Aedes sppCulex sppMansonia spp
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Diptera :
Calliphoridae :
Callitroga sppChrysomya sp
Ceratopagonidae :
Culicoides spp
Muscidae :
Glossina spp = Tse tse sppStomoxy spp Musca spp
Psychodidae :
Plebotomus spp
Sarcophaga sppWohlfahrtia spp
Sarcophagidae :
Simulidae :
Simulium spp
Tabanidae :
Chrysop sppTabanus spp
Piophilidae :
Piophila spp
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Chloropidae = Oscinidae :
Hippelates sppSiphunculina spp
Oestridae :
Oestrus spp
Gasterophilidae :
Gasterophilus spp
Hypodermatidae :
Hypoderma spp
Cuterebridae :
Dermatobia spp
Siphonaptera :
Ctenocephalides canisCtenocephalides felisDiamanus montanusHoplopsyllus anomalusLeptopsyllus segnisNosopsyllus fasciatusPulex irritanTunga penetranXenopsylla cheopis
Anoplura ( Kutu ) :
Pediculus humanus capitisPediculus humanus corporisPhthirus pubis
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Hemiptera :
Cimicidae :
Rheduvidae :
Cimex lectulariusCimex hemipterus
Triatoma infestanPanstrongylus megistusRhodnius prolixus
Orthoptera :
Blattidae :
Hymenoptera :
TawonLebahSemut
Lepidoptera :
UlatKupu - kupu
Coleoptera ( Kumbang ) :
MeloidaeStaphylinidae
BlattaBlattelaPeriplanetaSupellaParcoblatta
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Diagnosis
Keluhan-keluhan dari penderita
Gejala-gejala dari penyakitnya
Penting untuk diketahui adalah :
Penatalaksanaan
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
Prognosis
Komplikasi
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