overpopulation is the world overpopulated?
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Overpopulation Is the World Overpopulated?. Introduction:. Overpopulation: “the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or a population crash.” (Merriam, 2009). Introduction cont. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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OverpopulationIs the World Overpopulated?
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Overpopulation:“the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or
a population crash.” (Merriam, 2009)
Introduction:
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• In biology, the concept of a carrying capacity is important when discussing populations of species in an ecosystem. • Carrying capacity is the maximum amount of individuals an ecosystem
can support.
T= Time, and the y-axis is the population.K= the carrying capacity
The rate at a population grows is known as the growth rate.
Growth rate= Crude birth rate- Crude death rate + net immigration rate (# of immigrants- # of emigrants)
Introduction cont.
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• The 2009 world population growth rate is estimated to be 1.188%
• The current world population is over 6.7 billion people in April 2009, with an average density of 45 people/ square kilometer.
• This density figure is comparable to the density numbers for the country of Montenegro.
Introduction cont.
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Population
The Demographic Transition Model highlights 4 stages of population growth for a group of people.
Stage 1- Low Growth• Most of human history has been within this stage; high birth rates and high death rates
Stage 2- High Growth• Birth rates are still very high during this stage, while death rates fall dramatically. • Advances in medicine and technology lead to a sudden population explosion in the 1800s• As of now, all countries have gone through or currently are in at least Stage 2.Examples: Nigeria, Egypt, Senegal, Bolivia
Stage 3- Moderate Growth• Death rates continue to fall at a slower pace. • Birth rates fall quickly as the population growth slows. • A change in social customs causes the birth rates to decline, as women gain rights and
begin to make the choice of whether or not to have children.Examples: USA, Mexico, South Korea
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Stage 4- Low Growth• Birth rates below or equal to the death rate. • Zero population growth characterizes developed countries such as France or
Japan. • Urbanization is high, and families are small for economic reasons
Examples: Italy, Germany, Japan, France
Population cont.
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Population cont.
• Most of the world’s growth in population comes from less developed countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. • The countries within these regions are all in
Stage Two or beginning Stage Three. • The developing countries of the world are
projected to make up most of the 9 billion population expected in 2050 (World 2012).
• In many countries, agricultural land will be put under more pressure • Providing jobs and education will be difficult.
• In the developed world, especially Europe and Japan, population decline is expected• High levels of immigration has been a policy in
maintaining the populations in Europe. The Maldives has the world’s fastest growth rate, at 5.570% (CIA Factbook), most of the
population lives on 250 islets.
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Natural Resources• As a population of an organism grows, so does the resources needed for survival.
As people, food and water is most needed for survival in all parts of the world.
• Desertification, the process of arid and semi-humid land becomes a desert, is occurring at a fast pace in many areas of the globe. • Africa may be able to feed only 25% of it’s population by 2025, leading to a
decline in food security in savanna and drought-prone areas.
• Over drawing water from underground sources constrains the high production needed in agriculture to feed an ever-larger population. • China is a net importer of wheat because of the low water tables in the north,
while American famers have trouble maintaining a crop surplus without irrigation.
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Overpopulation of Developed Regions?
BosWash Corridor
Northwest Metropolis
Taiheiyo Urban area
• In the developed world, there are three large and noticeable concentrations of people.
• Northwest Metropolis, the BosWash Corridor, and the Taiheiyo Urban Area.
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Northwest Metropolis• During the Industrial Revolution in the
1800s, the population in Europe grew at a fast rate, with many also urbanizing in the process.
• England, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Denmark make up the Northwest Metropolis, with a combined population of 394 million as of 2002.
• Due to the population pressures from higher birth rates, overexploited and highly polluted environment, and lower quality of life, Industrial Europe could have been considered to be overpopulated.
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Northwest Metropolis cont.
• As technology advanced throughout the world, Europe’s health improved. • Personal sanitation, sewage
systems, and medical advances such as penicillin lead to a cleaner environment for those in the Metropolis.
• Due to the scientific breakthroughs, the quality of life is improved greatly, the population has leveled off • Now the governments worry
over declining numbers of individuals
London in the 1800s, and now
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BosWash Corridor• The BosWash Corridor contains 5 major
cities- New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington D.C.
• Approximately 55 million people live in the corridor, on only 2% of the U.S. land area.
• The dense population is mainly due to economic development in New York City, and historic settlement around capitals.
• Within modern times, high-tech jobs and a service sector economy has led to the population increase, especially of New York City. • On Manhattan island, over half of it is
covered in pavement and buildings, but overall environment and people have a good quality of life
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Taiheiyo Urban area
• Japan has long had an extremely high physiological population density• Most of the country is unsuitable
for agriculture. • The Taiheiyo area composes the
cities of Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Hiroshima, and the Mt. Fuji area. • Many other smaller cities are a part
of this belt of 82.9 million people. • Due to the higher levels of pollution
from the burning of garbage, smog is more potent. Housing in Japan is extremely limited
• The overall quality of life is better though than those of less developed regions
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Overpopulation of Less Developed Regions?
Ganges RiverSichuan BasinNile River
• Less Developed regions of the world experience a high urban migration rate when compared to those in the developed world.
• Many of the people within these high density places are subsistence farmers.
• Overall development in these regions are low, with low control over various factors such as pollution, regulation of industries and waste.
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Nile River• The Nile River has a long history of
people depending upon it’s floods. • The Nile today is still depended upon by
nearly 99% of Egypt’s 79 million people. • Many are concentrated around Alexandria
and Cairo, the economic hub of Egypt.• Due to floods malaria and other water-borne
diseases are prevalent• During the 1980s, the Nile was dammed
to help control the floods• Many desert environments were destroyed
with some populations of people having to relocate.
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Sichuan Basin, China
• The Sichuan Basin is a relatively flat piece of land surrounded by high mountains on all sides.
• The total area is around 88,500 square miles, with close to 110 million people living within the basin. • Vast majority are farmers,
cultivating rice. • Other industries include oil and
gas, coal, small amounts of iron mining.
• Due to the Chinese government’s
emphasis on economic development, pollution is high as plants have no filters for toxins in the air.
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Ganges River
• The Ganges River is considered by many in the Hindu faith a holy river.
• 400 million people live along the Ganges river, with 150 million of them making up the country Bangladesh. • The fertile soil allows a diversified
farming, with a plentiful supply of water (Mountain fed-river).
• However, India’s economic development (2nd fastest in the world) is leading to parts of the Ganges river heavily polluted from factories. • Water-borne diseases also impair
the quality of life for those who depend on the Ganges.
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Conclusion
• The world at large is still empty in many places, mostly desert and other inhospitable terrain.
• The fertile lands of the world have some of the highest density of people ever encountered.
• While those areas in developing countries can be considered overpopulated due to the pressures on the
land and the low quality of life • One must remember that similar situations were once
common throughout the now developed world of Europe, America and Japan.
• It appears that economic factors such as poverty and high dependence on farming, leads to a Local amount of
overpopulation, not the world at large.