Over-the-Counter Products -What’s in the Bottle?

David J. Shetlar, Ph.D.The “BugDoc”

The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension

Columbus, OH

© October, 2002, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

Is There Life After Dursban and Diazinon Cancellation?

• Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) continues to review insecticides and miticides.

• Organophosphates and Carbamates are major targets for restriction.

• Dursban and diazinon NOT canceled, just restricted from residential use, still available for golf courses and nurseries.

• Orthene also “voluntarily” withdrawn – Cygon (=dimethoate), Sevin (=carbaryl) and others not being “supported.”

What are the alternatives?• Pyrethroids – broad spectrum

insecticides; some with mite suppression; considerable range of activity within group (i.e., they are not all the same!).

• Neonicotinoids – broad spectrum; some systemic action; often slow action – best used as preventives; not all are the same!

• Spinosyn – moderately broad spectrum, good on caterpillars, spider mites, some leafminers.

• Neem (azadirachtin) – moderate spectrum; IGR action.

• Oils & Soaps – still there!

Pyrethroids

• Sumithrin [Ortho]• Tetramethrin [Ortho]• Resmethrin• Cyfluthrin (=Tempo)[Bayer Advanced

Lawn & Garden products]• Permethrin (=Astro, Pounce)[Spectracide]• Bifenthrin (=Talstar) [Ortho & Scotts

products]• Deltamethrin [Bonide]• Esfenvalerate (=Asana) [Ortho]• Lambda-cyhalothrin (=Scimitar)

Pyrethroid LD-50s

• Sumithrin = 10,000 • Tetramethrin = 5000• Resmethrin = 2500• Cyfluthrin = 500• Permethrin = 430• Bifenthrin = 375• Deltamethrin = 135• Esfenvalerate = 75• Lambda-cyhalothrin = 56

Bonide Delta Eight – with deltamethrin (=DeltaGard)

OVERALL LAWN TREATMENT FOR GRASS AND DICHONDRA LAWNS TO CONTROL

Ants, Armyworms (inc. Fall , Yellow-Striped etc.), Bermudagrass Mites, Billbugs (adult), Boxelder Bugs, Centipedes, Chiggers, Chinch Bugs, Clover Mites, Cockroaches, Crickets, Cutworms, Darkling Ground Beetles, Digger Wasps, Essex Skipper, European Crane Fly Larvae, Field Crickets, Fiery Skipper, Fire Ants, Flea Beetle (in dichondra), Grasshopper, Hyperodes (Turfgrass Weevil), Japanese Beetle (adult), Lawn Moths, Leafhoppers, Adult Mealybugs, Scorpions, Silverfish & Firebrats, Sod Webworms, Sowbugs, Spiders, Spittlebugs, Springtails, Vegetable Weevils (in dichondra)

Bonide Eight Insect Control – with permethrin

Ornamentals Pests:

Aphids, Armyworms, Bagworms, Cabbage Worms, Cicadas, Cornworms, Cutworms, Exposed Thrips, Fall Cankerworms, Fall Webworms, Fungus Gnat, Inchworms, Japanese Beetles, Leafminers, Leafrollers, Mealybugs, Scale Crawlers, Spring Cankerworms, Spider Mites, Whiteflies, Rose Chafer, Psyllids, Scale Insects

Bayer Advanced Garden Power-Force Multi-Insect Killer – with cyfluthrin (=Tempo)

Ornamentals-

Aphids, Bagworms, Boxelder Bugs, Clover Mites, Elm Leaf Beetles, Grasshoppers, Gypsy Moth Larvae, Japanese Beetles (adults), Lacebugs, Leaf-feeding Caterpillars, Leaf-feeding Beetles, Leafhoppers, Mealybugs, Pillbugs, Scales (crawlers only), Spittlebugs, Thrips, Whiteflies

Turf –

Ants, Armyworms, Bluegrass Billbugs (adults), Chiggers, Chinchbugs, Crickets, Cutworms, Earwigs, Fire Ants, Fleas, Grasshoppers, Hyperodes Weevils (adults), Japanese Beetles (adults), Mole Crickets, Sod Webworms (lawn moths), Ticks (including deer ticks)

Ortho Houseplant & Garden Insect Killer - bifenthrin

Ornamentals

Aphids, caterpillars, beetles (including Japanese beetles), fungus gnats, lacebugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, leafrollers, mealybugs, spider mites, rose midges, scales (crawlers), spittlebugs, tent caterpillars, thrips, weevils, whiteflies

Ortho Rose & Flower Insect Killer - bifenthrin

Ornamentals-

Aphids, caterpillars, beetles (including Japanese beetles), fungus gnats, lacebugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, leafrollers, mealybugs, spider mites, rose midges, scales (crawlers), spittlebugs, tent caterpillars, thrips, weevils, whiteflies and other garden insects

Ortho Home Defense, Home & Garden Insect Killer - Tetramethrin & Sumithrin

Ornamentals –

Ants, Aphids, Cankerworm, Caterpillars, Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Japanese Beetle, Lacebugs, Leafhopper, Mealybug, Spider Mites, Whiteflies

Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi-purpose Insect Killer – with esfenvalerate (formerly contained diazinon)

On Ornamental Plants Including: Roses,Flowers,Shrubs and Small Trees

Aphid, armyworm, balsam woolly adelgid, buckhorn aphid, cabbage looper, cucumber beetle (adults – spotted & striped), cutworm, European pine sawfly, fall webworm, flea beetle, grasshopper, gypsy moth, imported cabbageworm, Japanese beetle, leafhopper, looper, northern pine weevil, pine chafer, pine coreid bug, red pine sawfly, redheaded pine sawfly, saltmarsh caterpillar, spittlebugs, tent caterpillar and whitefly.

Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi-purpose Insect Killer – with permethrin (formerly contained diazinon)

Lawn pests: ants, armyworms, brown dog ticks, chinch bugs, crickets, cutworms, deer ticks, fleas, grasshoppers, Japanese beetle grubs, mole crickets and sod webworms.

Tree, shrub, rose and flower pests: aphids, bagworms, cicadas, exposed thrips, fall cankerworms and other listed pests.

Nuisance pests (outdoors): ants, clover mites, cluster flies, crickets, earwigs, fleas and other listed pests.

Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi-purpose Insect Killer – ready to use granules – with permethrin (formerly contained diazinon or carbaryl)

Ortho Lawn Insect Killer Granules and Scotts Insect Control plus Lawn Fertilizer – with bifenthrin (replaces the Dursban and Diazinon granules)

Lawns

Ants, armyworm (including fall armyworm), billbug, chiggers, chinch bugs, crickets, cutworms, earwigs, grasshoppers, mealybugs, sod webworms and weevils, black turfgrass ataenius, fleas, leafhoppers, spiders, ticks, mole crickets, millipedes, centipedes, scorpions, sowbugs/pillbugs.

Neonicotinoids – nerve blockers, behavior modifiers

• Imidacloprid = Merit (only one registered for homeowner use)

• Thiamethoxam = Meridian (not yet registered

• Two to Three under development

Ornamentals -

Adelgids, Aphids, Black Vine Weevil Larvae, Roundheaded Borers (including Eucalyptus Longhorned Borers), Flatheaded Borers (including Bronze Birch and Alder Borers) Japanese Beetles (adult), Lacebugs, Leaf Beetles (including Elm, Leaf Beetles and Viburnum Leaf Beetles), Leafhoppers, Leafminers (including Birch Leafminers), Mealybugs Pine Tip Moth Larvae, Psyllids, Royal Palm Bugs, Sawfly Larvae, Scales (including Armored Scale [suppression] and Soft Scale), Thrips, Whiteflies

Bayer Advanced Garden Lawn & Garden Tree & Shrub Insect Control – contains imidacloprid (=Merit)

Bayer Advanced Lawn Season Long Grub Control (imidacloprid = Merit)

White Grubs, Mole Crickets

Insect Growth Regulators

Halofenozide – molting accelerator

Azatin – exoskeleton inhibitor

Ortho Grub-B-Gon and Scotts GrubEX – contains halofenozide (=MACH2)

Turf

White grubs*, armyworms, cutworms and sod webworms

* White grubs including larvae of european chafer, northern and southern masked chafer(s), Japanese beetle, oriental beetle, Asiatic garden beetle, May/June beetle, black turfgrass ataenius, green June beetle, annual bluegrass weevil/ hyperodes, billbugs and aphodius beetle.

Label includes:

Aphids, bagworms, bean leaf beetles, armyworms, caterpillars, cucumber beetles, cutworms, Japanese beetles, leafhoppers, leaf rollers, gypsy moth larvae, mealybugs, thrips, vine borers, Mexican bean beetles, weevils and whiteflies.

Organophosphates & Carbamates still available

Diazinon – until December 2004

Trichlorfon (=Dylox) – until ?

Carbaryl (=Sevin) – until ?

Grubs, Mole Crickets, Sod Webworms, Cutworms

Bayer Advanced Lawn 24-hour Grub Control (trichlorfon = Dylox)

Contains permethrin!

Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides1976 – 2001a

–

rate ave range % of testsInsecticide lb.ai./a. % control # tests % control below 70%

Thiamethoxam 0.2 96.1 38 0-100 3(=Meridian)

Halofenozide 1.5 92.8 57 10-100 10 (=MACH2)Imidacloprid 0.3 93.7 58 58-100 7 (=Merit)Trichlorfon 8.0 77.6 90 0-98 19 (=Dylox, Proxol)Carbaryl 8.0 74.3 40 13-100 37 (=Sevin)Diazinon 4.0 69.0 20 47-99 42

5.5 74.8 41 25-100 29Chlorpyrifos 4.0 54.6 32 0-96 59 (=Dursban)

a Data from ESA publications (1977-2001) using masked chafer and Japanese beetle data where label timing recommendations were used and at least 4.0 grubs per sq.ft. were found in checks.

Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacyby

Time of Application

Halofenozide 1.5 92.8 (6) 96.8 (18) 92.2 (15) 92.0 (13) 80.3 (22)(=MACH2)

Imidachloprid 0.3 90.2 (8) 91.8 (16) 94.9 (16) 95.6 (17) 96.5 (29)(=Merit)

Thiamethoxam 0.2 80.0 (5) 98.8 (11) 98.6 (9) 98.3 (11) 93.7 (8)(=Meridian) 0.26 91.5 (4) 99.3 (3) 99.3 (2) 98.0 (6) 100.0 (4)

Trichlorfon 8.0 --- --- --- 91.0 (2) 83.3 (12)

rate ave % control (#tests)Insecticide lb.ai./a. May June July to Aug 16 to Sept 10

But, what about the “tough-to-control” grubs?

Green June beetle, European chafer, Oriental beetle?

Ranked Efficacy of White Grub InsecticidesAgainst European Chafer - 1976 – 2001a

a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using European chafer data where timing of application was between 1 July and 15 August.

rate aveInsecticide lb.ai./a. % control # tests

Thiamethoxam 0.2 83.8 1(=Meridian)

Trichlorfon 8.0 77.0 1 (=Dylox, Proxol)

Carbaryl 8.0 74.5 2 (=Sevin)

Halofenozide 1.5 67.9 13 (=MACH2) 2.0 72.8 9

Imidacloprid 0.3 89.9 17 (=Merit) 0.4 89.2 4

Bendiocarb 2.0 81.0 1 (=Turcam) 3.0 82.4 5

Comparison of Grub Insecticide EfficacyFor Control of European Chafer, by

Time of Application

Halofenozide 1.5 83.4 (2) 67.9 (13) 60.5 (5)(=MACH2) 2.0 72.8 (9) 23.5 (2)

Imidachloprid 0.3 88.3 (5) 89.9 (17) 73.0 (4)(=Merit) 0.4 98.4 (2) 89.2 (4) 88.2 (3)

Thiamethoxam 0.2 84.5 (2) 83.8 (1)(=Meridian) 0.26

Trichlorfon 8.0 --- 77.0 (1) 86.2 (6)

rate ave % control (#tests)Insecticide lb.ai./a. June July-15Aug to Sept

Billbugs Again!

Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides(used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000a

a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch.

OPs

&

Carb

rate aveInsecticide lb.ai./a. % control # tests

Fonofos 2.0 79.1 2(=Crusade)

Carbaryl 6.0 91.7 1 (=Sevin)

Chlorpyrifos 1.0 47.8 3 (=Dursban) 2.0 74.5 3

Diazinon 4.0 88.2 4

8.0 58.3 1

Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides(used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000a

a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch.

Pyrethroidsrate ave

Insecticide lb.ai./a. % control # tests

lam-Cyhalothrin 0.06 81.0 1 (=Scimitar)

Deltamethrin 0.06 71.0 1 (=DeltaGard) 0.13 75.2 2

Bifenthrin 0.05 50.1 1 (=Talstar) 0.1 54.2 1

Cyfluthrin 0.14 39.4 2 (=Tempo)

Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides(used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000a

a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch.

NeoNs

&

IGR

rate aveInsecticide lb.ai./a. % control # tests

Halofenozide 1.5 62.6 6 (=MACH2) 2.0 41.4 2

Imidacloprid 0.3 86.4 8 (=Merit) 0.4 61.5 6

Thiamethoxam 0.2 81.0 1 (=Meridian) 0.26 100 1

Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides(used as curatives) - 1989 – 2000a

a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was to control larvae.

rate aveInsecticide lb.ai./a. % control # tests

Chlorpyrifos 1.0 40.3 1(=Dursban)

Permethrin 0.4 59.0 1 (=Astro) 0.8 38.3 1

Thiamethoxam 1.5 64.7 6 (=MACH2) 2.0 17.0 1

Deltamethrin 0.13 16.7 1 (=DeltaGard)

Diazinon 4.0 65.6 5

Imidacloprid 0.3 64.7 6(=Merit)

Bifenthrin 0.1 67.0 1(=Talstar)

2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control

Treatment

Permethrin 0.5G 0.25 909.5 14

816.80.50 23Permethrin 0.5G

1058.9-.- --Check

823.61.00 22Permethrin 0.5G

721.70.43 32Permethrin 0.5GF

Rate% Control

appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH

7DAT 7DAT#/ft.sq.

2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control

Treatment

Merit 75WP 0.3 92 96

900.3 87Exp NN-v

830.1 63Tempo Ultra

980.1 98Talstar SC

780.4 81Exp NN-v

220.2 0Tempo 20WP

Rate% Control

appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH; 943.5 & 418.6 hcb/sq.ft. checks @ 7, & 14 DAT

7DAT 14DAT

2002 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control

Treatment

Steward SC 0.25 58 54

320.2 29Exp NN-t

650.3 80Merit 75WP

520.1 69Talstar SC

270.3 79Exp NN-t

100.2 81Meridian 25WG

Rate% Control

appl. 27 Aug., Dublin, OH; 70.2 & 312.5 hcb/sq.ft. checks @ 3, & 15 DAT

3DAT 15DAT

Turf Caterpillar ControlsInsecticide Rate % Control # Tests

OrganophosphatesDiazinon 5.5 94.0 4Dursban 1.0 98.7 18Dylox/Proxol 8.0 87.3 4Orthene 5.0 92.3 4

CarbamatesSevin 4.0 96.8 5Turcam 2.0 89.7 3

Turf Caterpillar ControlsInsecticide Rate % Control # Tests

PyrethroidsAstro 0.04 100.0 2DeltaGard 0.08 94.5 2Scimitar 0.02 96.8 5Tempo 0.10 97.6 21

SpinosynConserve 0.3 90.1 6

Turf Caterpillar ControlsInsecticide Rate % Control # Tests

ChloronicotinoidMerit 0.3 48.5 7

Molt Accelerator (growth regulator)MACH2 1.0 86.5 7

NematodesS. carpocapsae 1.0 bil 89.6 7H. bact. 0.5 bil 67.0 4

Borer Insecticides

Traditional• Dursban• Lindane• DiSyston (disulfoton)• Cygon (dimethoate)• Bidrin injection• Orthene injection

Alternatives• Tempo, Talstar,

Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro

• Merit injection (beetles only!)

• ???• ???

X

X

??

Borer Control Approaches

Cultural –Use plants that are not prone to borer attack!Plant health care – plants in good growing

conditions can usually repel borer attacks.

Avoid Plant Damage – damaged plants are prone to attack.

Biological –Usually not effective because they attack

after infestation.

Caterpillars – Fall Webworm, Mimosa Webworm, Bagworm

Caterpillar Insecticides

Traditional• Dursban• Sevin• Orthene• Malathion

Alternatives• Tempo, Talstar,

Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro

• Conserve• Bt• Soaps or Oils

X

?

X

Pine tortoise scale mature females on stem.

Pine needle scale second instar nymphs and male “pupae” on needles.

Pine needle scale females. Note pinkish eggs at end of scale test (shell) and a settled crawler at upper left.

Group of pine needle scale settled crawlers (tan) and a couple of fresh crawlers (pinkish) in color.

Scale Control (crawlers)

Traditional• Diazinon• Dursban• Sevin• Orthene• Malathion• Cygon• DiSyston (disulfoton)

Alternatives• Tempo, Talstar,

Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro

• Merit (soft scales)• Meridian (Flagship)?• Soaps & Oils

X

X

??

?

X

Cool-Season Pests – Spruce Spider Mite – inactive most of summer!

MiticidesTraditional• Kelthane• Morestan• Cygon• Orthene ?

Alternatives• Avid• Hexygon (eggs & larvae

only, spider mites only)• Floramite (spider mites

only)• Sanmite (spider mites

only)• Conserve• Pyrethroids??• Soaps or Oils

X

X

??

Black Vine Weevil ManagementWhat’s Lost?

Ficam (Turcam)Orthene is on the way out!

What are the Alternatives?

Merit! (home owner product available, apply to soil, NOT mulch, not for adults!)

Pyrethroids for Adults

DiSyston (disulfoton) (home owner products available, BVW not named on label, apply to soil!)

How can you tell what works from the label?

Look for a California label!